原版-小型塑料擠出機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)【優(yōu)秀含8張CAD圖紙+機(jī)械設(shè)備全套課程畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)】,優(yōu)秀含8張CAD圖紙+機(jī)械設(shè)備全套課程畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),原版,小型,塑料,擠出機(jī),設(shè)計(jì),優(yōu)秀,優(yōu)良,cad,圖紙,機(jī)械設(shè)備,全套,課程,畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯 系 別： 工程技術(shù)系 專 業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 姓 名： 賈朋渤 學(xué) 號(hào)： 05211628 2015 年 4 月 1 日 外文資料翻譯譯文 近年來(lái)，隨著塑料工業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展和通用與工程塑料在強(qiáng)度和精度等方面的不斷提高，塑料制品的應(yīng)用范圍也在不斷擴(kuò)大，如：家用電器、儀器儀表，建筑器材，汽車(chē)工業(yè)、日用五金等眾多領(lǐng)域，塑料制品所占的比例正迅猛增加。一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)合理的塑料件往往能代替多個(gè)傳統(tǒng)金屬件。工業(yè)產(chǎn)品和日用產(chǎn)品塑料化的趨勢(shì)不斷上升塑料工業(yè)的機(jī)械和裝備的水平對(duì)該工業(yè)的發(fā)展起著關(guān)鍵作用。比起傳統(tǒng)的塑料擠出機(jī)，單螺桿塑料擠出機(jī)有他積極的優(yōu)勢(shì)，通常他能加工出高分子量、高粘度熱塑性好的塑料。其中有高生產(chǎn)率低熔點(diǎn)、高熔體強(qiáng)壓力的塑料有利于化學(xué)降解，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量高，因此是最佳的塑料生產(chǎn)這使得單螺桿塑料擠出機(jī)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)，特別適用于穩(wěn)定的擠壓。 所謂注塑成型（Injection Molding）是指，受熱融化的材料由高壓射入模腔，經(jīng)冷卻固化后，得到成形品的方法。該方法適用于形狀復(fù)雜部件的批量生產(chǎn)，是重要的加工方法之一。 注射裝置是使樹(shù)脂材料受熱融化后射入模具內(nèi)的裝置。從料頭把樹(shù)脂擠入料筒中，通過(guò)螺桿的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)將熔體輸送至機(jī)筒的前端。在那個(gè)過(guò)程中，在加熱器的作用下加熱使機(jī)筒內(nèi)的樹(shù)脂材料受熱，在螺桿的剪切應(yīng)力作用下使樹(shù)脂成為熔融狀態(tài)，將相當(dāng)于成型品及主流道，分流道的熔融樹(shù)脂滯留于機(jī)筒的前端（稱之為計(jì)量），螺桿的不斷向前將材料射入模腔。當(dāng)熔融樹(shù)脂在模具內(nèi)流動(dòng)時(shí)，須控制螺桿的移動(dòng)速度（射出速度），并在樹(shù)脂充滿模腔后用壓力（保壓力）進(jìn)行控制。當(dāng)螺桿位置，注射壓力達(dá)到一定值時(shí)我們可以將速度控制切換成壓力控制。 螺桿的回轉(zhuǎn)航程和固定筒壁的相互作用是擠出機(jī)的泵出過(guò)程中必要的參數(shù)。為了運(yùn)輸塑料材料，其摩擦在螺桿的表面要低，但在固定的筒壁要高。如果達(dá)不到這個(gè)基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，塑料可能會(huì)隨著螺桿旋轉(zhuǎn)，而不是在軸向/輸出方向上移動(dòng)。在輸出區(qū)域，螺桿和機(jī)筒的表面通常都覆蓋著的溶解物以及來(lái)自溶解物和螺桿通道之間的外力，而其除了 處理有極高粘性的材料時(shí)都是無(wú)效的，如硬質(zhì) PVC 材料和有超高分子量的聚乙烯。溶解物流在輸出部分是 受內(nèi)摩擦系數(shù)（粘度）影響，尤其是當(dāng)模具提供了一個(gè)高阻力的熔體流時(shí)。 常見(jiàn)且更多使用的單螺桿型使用的是傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，即機(jī)筒和螺桿保持基本一致的直徑，包括具有例如減小螺 桿通道體積，有連續(xù)可變速度、壓力控制，和通風(fēng)（揮發(fā)）系統(tǒng)的擠出機(jī)。一些特殊的設(shè)計(jì)使用了圓錐或 拋物線外形的螺桿，用以達(dá)到特殊的混合和捏合效果。它們可以包含偏心的核心，根據(jù)不同坡度變化的動(dòng) 程，揉捏轉(zhuǎn)子，適應(yīng)性的核心環(huán)，和間歇的軸向運(yùn)動(dòng)。桶內(nèi)可能有螺紋，可伸縮的螺桿形狀以及進(jìn)料設(shè)備。 一個(gè)成功的擠出操作需要密切注意很多細(xì)節(jié)，如（1）進(jìn)給材料的質(zhì)量和在適當(dāng)溫度下的物質(zhì)流，（2）足以 融化、但不會(huì)分解聚合物的溫度曲線，以及（3）不會(huì)分解塑料的啟動(dòng)和關(guān)機(jī)。 應(yīng)采取措施，防止促進(jìn)塑料表面上水分的膠合和濕氣的吸收凝結(jié)，如顏料濃縮物中的色素。料斗干燥機(jī)已被 證明在干燥塑料中非常有用。它們還可以在操作中提高擠出機(jī)受加熱和熔解能力限制的輸出的能力。圖 顯示了與加熱輸入擠出機(jī)所需的熔化塑料，有或沒(méi)有料斗干燥機(jī)作為預(yù)熱器時(shí)相關(guān)的不同。擠出機(jī)使塑料 熔體均勻熔化，并使之通過(guò)與產(chǎn)品的橫截面形狀關(guān)聯(lián)的模具口。所形成的 TP 的熔體（擠出的）是冷了卻的，或是加熱的TS熔體，因?yàn)樗窍蛳路胖玫倪M(jìn)而得以遠(yuǎn)離模具出口或是通過(guò)下游設(shè)備拔出。 注射成型是塑料加工中最普遍采用的方法。該方法適用于全部熱塑性塑料和部分熱固性塑料，制得的塑料制品數(shù)量之大是其它成型方法望塵莫及的，作為注射成型加工的主要工具之一的注塑模具，在質(zhì)量精度、制造周期以及注射成型過(guò)程中的生產(chǎn)效率等方面水平高低，直接影響產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量、產(chǎn)量、成本及產(chǎn)品的更新，同時(shí)也決定著企業(yè)在市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的反應(yīng)能力和速度。 外文原文 In recent years, with the rapid development of plastics industry and general and engineering plastics in the intensity and precision, continuous improvement, the application of plastic products is also expanding, such as: household electrical appliances, instruments, construction equipment and automobile industry, Japan with hardware and many other fields, the proportion of plastic products is rapidly increasing. A well-designed plastic parts can often replace the more traditional metal parts. Household products plastic industrial products and the rising trend. The level of working equipment plays a pivotal role in the development of the plastic industry.The processing of very high-molecular-weight and high-viscosity thermoplastics in single-screw extruders today is usually done only in extruders with a positive-advantages over conventional extrusion. Among these are high output at low melting temperatures and high melt pressures; reduced shear of the plastics, which makes this system energy-saving and very economical; gentle plastic of the plastics; on thermal or chemical degradation, hence optimum product quality; and particularly stable extrusion so that output, pressure and melting temperature surges are prevented. Called Injection Molding (Injection Molding) refers to the heat melting the material by the high-pressure injection mold cavity, cooled after curing, are molded method. This method is suitable for mass production of complex shaped parts, is an important processing methods. Injection device is heated to melt the resin material after the injection mold device. From the resin material to squeeze into the first barrel, by turning the screw will melt delivered to the front barrel. In that process, the role of the heater heating the resin material to machine cylinder to heat, shear stress in the screw under the action of a molten resin, forming the equivalent of goods and main channel, shunt molten resin stuck in the front barrel (called measure), the constant screw the material injected into the cavity. When the molten resin flows in the mold, to control the screw speed (injection speed), and in the resin after cavity filled with a pressure (holding pressure) control. When the screw location, injection pressure reaches a certain value, we can speed control switch pressure control. The essential parameter in the extruder’s pumping process is the interaction between the rotating fights of the screw and the stationary barrel wall. For the plastic material to be conveyed, its friction must be low at the screw surface but high at the barrel wall. If this basic criterion is not met, the plastic will probably rotate with the screw and not move in the axial/output direction. In the output zone, both screw and barrel surfaces are usually covered with the melt, and external forces between the melt and the screw channel walls have no effect except when processing extremely high viscosity materials such as rigid PVC and ultrahigh molecular weight PE. The flow of the melt in the output section is affected by the coefficient of internal friction (viscosity), particularly when the die offers a high resistance to the flow of the melt. The usual and more popular single screw types use conventional designs with basically uniform diameters of the screw and barrel. Examples include extruders that have decreasing screw channel volume, continuous variable speed, pressure control, and a venting (devolatilization) system. Special designs use conical or parabolic screws for special mixing and kneading effects. They can include eccentric cores, variable pitch superimposed flights of different pitch, kneading rotors, fitted core rings, and periodic axial movement. Barrels may have internal threads,telescopic screw shapes, and feeding devices. A successful extrusion operation requires close attention to many details, such as (1) the quality and flow of feed material at the proper temperature, (2) a temperature profile adequate to melt but not degrade the polymer, and (3) a startup and shutdown that will not degrade the plastic. Care should be used to prevent conditions that promote surface condensation of moisture on the plastic and moisture absorption such as by the pigments in the color concentrates. Hopper dryers have proven very useful in drying plastics. They can also enhance extruder capacity in operations where the output is limited by the heating and melting capacity of the extruder. The relative difference in heat input required from the extruder to melt the plastic, with and without the hopper dryer used as a preheater. The extruders form a homogeneous plastic melt and force it through a die orifice that is related to the shape of the product’s cross section. The formed TP melt (extrudate) is cooled or the TS melt heated as it is being dropped downward away from the die exit or drawn through downstream equipment. Plastic injection molding is the most commonly used method. This method is suitable for all thermoplastic and thermoset parts, obtained large quantities of plastic products is unmatched in other molding methods, injection molding process as one of the main injection mold, precision in quality, manufacturing cycle and injection molding process in terms of the level of production efficiency, directly affect the product quality, yield, cost and product updates, but also determines the competition in the market responsiveness and speed.