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車(chē)輛與動(dòng)力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)
HKD640微型客車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)
(離合器及操縱機(jī)構(gòu)及傳動(dòng)軸設(shè)計(jì))
摘 要
本次設(shè)計(jì)了離合器和傳動(dòng)軸。在汽車(chē)傳動(dòng)系的這些部件中，離合器和傳動(dòng)軸是其中兩個(gè)重要的部件。在傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中，離合器位于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與變速器之間，其作用是使駕駛員可以把發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與變速器接合或分離。離合器是一種摩擦式分離裝置，與駕駛室中離合器踏板相連接。駕駛員通過(guò)操縱離合器既可以使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與離合器暫時(shí)分離，也可以在汽車(chē)起步時(shí)使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與離合器平穩(wěn)接合。本次設(shè)計(jì)為膜片彈簧離合器。
本設(shè)計(jì)通過(guò)對(duì)傳動(dòng)軸的傳動(dòng)類(lèi)型分析，結(jié)合所設(shè)計(jì)微型客車(chē)的特點(diǎn)以及市場(chǎng)趨勢(shì)等因素，對(duì)傳動(dòng)方式和傳動(dòng)軸進(jìn)行了選型；通過(guò)對(duì)傳動(dòng)軸的類(lèi)型與結(jié)構(gòu)分析，選擇傳動(dòng)軸的十字軸滾針軸承的密封形式為外卡環(huán)式密封，并在其密封部位采用橡膠骨架油封和氈圈油封相結(jié)合的密封形式，以適應(yīng)農(nóng)村地區(qū)的惡略路況；通過(guò)對(duì)萬(wàn)向節(jié)的十字軸 、滾針軸承 、萬(wàn)向節(jié)叉的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，確定了所設(shè)計(jì)車(chē)輛使用的這些部件的具體尺寸；通過(guò)對(duì)傳動(dòng)軸的臨界轉(zhuǎn)速和計(jì)算載荷的確定，用待定系數(shù)法確定了傳動(dòng)軸的花鍵軸和軸管的尺寸，并校核了其扭轉(zhuǎn)強(qiáng)度和臨界轉(zhuǎn)速，確定了合適的安全系數(shù)。鑒于矩形花鍵的一系列優(yōu)點(diǎn)和國(guó)內(nèi)的生產(chǎn)加工水平，傳動(dòng)軸花鍵采用了矩形花鍵。傳動(dòng)軸的實(shí)驗(yàn)室傳動(dòng)軸的生產(chǎn)加工中的一項(xiàng)至關(guān)重要的程序，本文在該書(shū)中對(duì)傳動(dòng)軸的試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要介紹，并且在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中對(duì)涉及到實(shí)驗(yàn)的部分有針對(duì)性查閱了同類(lèi)型的產(chǎn)品的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果，對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果予以修正。綜合各部分的設(shè)計(jì)及校核結(jié)果，所設(shè)計(jì)的傳動(dòng)軸能滿(mǎn)足所設(shè)計(jì)的微型客車(chē)的傳動(dòng)要求。
關(guān)鍵詞：離合器, 摩擦式, 膜片彈簧, 傳動(dòng)軸, 十字軸
HKD640MINI PASSENGER CAR
—CLUTCH、CONTROL MECHANISMAND PROPELLER SHAFT DESIGN
ABSTRACT
In this thesis ,clutch、control mechanism and propeller shaft is designed .The clutch and the transmission are two important units of all .The clutch is located in the power train between the engine and the transmission .Its purpose is to permit the driver to coupe or uncouple the engine and transmission .The clutch is a friction-type device .It is linked to a clutch pedal in the driver’s compartment .The clutch allows the driver to couple the engine or uncouple the engine from transmission while he is shifting gears or starting the automobile moving rest .In the design ,we use the type of coil-pressure-spring .
The thesis introduced power transmission shaft used on farming transporters. According to the features of the farming transporter and the characters of the road in rural areas ,we chose the simply made open style power transmission shaft .For farming transporters , its cost and convenience for reparation and adaptability rather than its comfort ability and science ratio are concerned .So during the design we did not pay too much attention to the popular which is often advanced technology of the filed .On the contrary ,we just made some necessary improvement to the using form .For example ,we use involutes serration instead of rectangle serration ,so the durability of the spine will be much upgraded while its cost still low because nowadays its not more difficult to machine involutes serration than rectangle serration .To up the durability of the shaft ,we paid much attention to the seal form of the unit .We used rubber bone seal together with felt washer .
KEY WORDS：clutch, friction-type, Diaphragm spring, power transmission shaft, cross axle