摘 要焊接變位機(jī)是一種焊接輔助設(shè)備，它與焊接操作機(jī)、焊接滾輪架并稱為焊接輔助設(shè)備中三大機(jī)。焊接變位機(jī)是應(yīng)焊接行業(yè)的機(jī)械化、自動(dòng)化發(fā)展需要而產(chǎn)生的。焊接變位機(jī)作為一種焊接配套設(shè)備，用于管子橫向?qū)雍附?，管子與法蘭內(nèi)外環(huán)縫焊接，管子對(duì)管子全位置焊接。焊接變位機(jī)可水平翻轉(zhuǎn)角度，通過(guò)工作臺(tái)的回轉(zhuǎn)及翻轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)使工件上焊縫處于最理想的位置進(jìn)行焊接，從而大大提高焊縫質(zhì)量，減輕焊工勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，尤其是適合焊接各種軸類、盤類、筒體等回轉(zhuǎn)工件的理想設(shè)備。本設(shè)計(jì)分析了解國(guó)內(nèi)外焊接變位機(jī)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r、以及焊接變位機(jī)在焊接機(jī)器人中的應(yīng)用，設(shè)計(jì)了一種 60 噸座式焊接變位機(jī)。主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于焊接時(shí)機(jī)械的回轉(zhuǎn)翻轉(zhuǎn)的控制、電機(jī)的選擇、減速器的選擇、各個(gè)軸和齒輪軸承的確定以及校核等等。設(shè)計(jì)的具體過(guò)程是根據(jù)預(yù)定的載荷和要求的焊接速度從而確定設(shè)備所需要的電機(jī)類型，包括:電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速、額定功率、電壓電流等，在此基礎(chǔ)上計(jì)算軸的尺寸和相應(yīng)配件的型號(hào)，并且對(duì)其進(jìn)行相關(guān)的強(qiáng)度、使用壽命等的校核，然后對(duì)一些外購(gòu)件也進(jìn)行選擇。選用的方法主要是機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的相關(guān)知識(shí)，使用到的有材料力學(xué)，CAD 等。關(guān)鍵詞： 焊接變位機(jī)； 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)； 焊接輔機(jī)AbstractWelding positioner is a kind of welding auxiliary equipment, it was known as the three planes in welding auxiliary equipment with welding manipulator, welding roller bed. Welding positioner was designed with the development of welding industry mechanization, and automation. As a welding auxiliary machine, welding positioner was used in pipe′s landscape orientation welding, pipe and flange′s inside and outside central linking welding, pipe welding in all location. Though the gyration and retroflexion of the workbench, the welding positioner can make the welding line to an ideal position, which can improve the quality of the welded joint, reduce welder’s workload. It is ideal equipment especially fit to weld the kinds of workpiece, just like the shaft, tray, canister, and so on.By understanding the welding positioner′ s development in domestic and overseas, and the positioner used in welding robot is described in the paper. A block 60 ton s of welding positioner is designed.Mainly on the subject of welding ,mechanical rotation turnover of control, the electrical options, reducer selection, various axle and the wheel bearings and determine accuracy ,and so on.The design process is based on specific target load and speed requirements of welding equipment to determine the type of electrical needs, including: the rotational speed electrical, rated power, voltage, current and on the basis of the calculation of axle size and corresponding accessories models, and their associated intensity, and the useful life of accuracy, then for some purchases were also chosen. The method chosen mainly mechanical design relevant knowledge, the use of the material mechanics, CAD.Key words: welding conjugation mechanical; mechanical design; welding auxiliary machine.目 錄摘 要 .IIIABSTRACT IV目 錄 .V1 緒論 .11.1 立題依據(jù) .11.2 焊接輔機(jī)的作用和分類 .11.3 焊接變位機(jī)的功能及結(jié)構(gòu)形式 .22.1 設(shè)計(jì)的基本參數(shù) .42.2 變位機(jī)的總體方案設(shè)計(jì) .42.3 驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)方案 .42.3.1 工作臺(tái)回轉(zhuǎn)方案 42.3.2 工作臺(tái)翻轉(zhuǎn)方案 42.4 導(dǎo)電裝置方案 .53 回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) .63.1 工作臺(tái)回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu) .63.2 回轉(zhuǎn)支承的選擇 .63.2.1 回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)承載的總重量 .63.2.2 計(jì)算回轉(zhuǎn)支承的最大傾覆力矩 73.2.3 齒輪 1 的參數(shù)（即與回轉(zhuǎn)支承嚙合的小齒輪） 83.3 選擇工作臺(tái)的回轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī) .103.4 減速器的選擇 .114 工作臺(tái)傾斜機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) .124.1 傾斜機(jī)構(gòu) .124.2 選擇傾斜機(jī)構(gòu)的電機(jī) .124.3 蝸桿減速器 .134.3.1 蝸桿和蝸輪的設(shè)計(jì) 144.3.2 蝸桿軸和蝸輪軸的初步設(shè)計(jì) 164.4 扇形齒輪傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) 164.5 傾斜機(jī)構(gòu)中軸的設(shè)計(jì) .194.5.1 傾斜軸的最小直徑 194.5.2 翻轉(zhuǎn)小齒輪軸的最小直徑 244.6 聯(lián)軸器的選用計(jì)算 .274.6.1 減速器與減速器之間的聯(lián)軸器 274.7 軸承的選用和校核 .275 安裝調(diào)試與操作使用 .295.1 安裝 .295.2 調(diào)試與檢測(cè) .295.3 操作與使用 .296 結(jié)論與展望 .306.1 結(jié)論 306.2 不足之處及未來(lái)展望 30致謝 .31參考文獻(xiàn) .32