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Unit 4 (時間：40分鐘　滿分：45分) Ⅰ.單項填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1．I will be away for at least a year；I would appreciate________from you now and then，________me how everyone is getting along. A．hearing；tell B．to hear；tell C．hearing；telling D．to hear；to tell 答案　C　[考查動詞的非謂語形式。appreciate后接動名詞作賓語；第二空為現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語。句意：我要離開至少一年的時間，時不時收到你的信告訴我大家的現(xiàn)狀，我會很高興的。] 2．This special school accepts all disabled students，________educational level and background. A．according to B．regardless of C．in addition to D．in terms of 答案　B　[考查介詞短語的辨析。according to根據；regardless of 不管；不顧；in addition to除……之外；in terms of 就……而言。句意：這家特校接受所有殘疾的學生，不管他們的教育水平和背景。 ] 3．Steps must be taken________this kind of disaster will never happen again.(2012山東諸城市高三月考) A．because B．even if C．so that D．as 答案　C　[考查狀語從句的連接詞。so that 以便于；為了，引導目的狀語從句，復合句意及句子結構，故C項正確。句意：必須采取措施以避免這種災難不再發(fā)生。because因為，引導原因狀語從句；even if 即使，引導條件狀語從句；as因為；由于，引導原因狀語從句。] 4．—Why dont we choose that road to save time? —The bridge to it________. A．has repaired B．is repaired C．is being repaired D．will be repaired 答案　C　[考查動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)。由語境可知，橋還在修理中，故用進行時的被動形式。句意：——我們?yōu)槭裁床蛔吣菞l路以節(jié)約時間呢？——通往那條路的橋還在修理中。] 5．In the last few years thousands of films________all over the world. A．have produced B．have been produced C．are producing D．are being produced 答案　B　[考查動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)。由時間狀語in the last few years可知，空格處應用現(xiàn)在完成時，且films 與produce 之間為邏輯上的動賓關系，故用完成時的被動形式。句意：在過去的幾年里，全世界共制作了數(shù)千部電影。] 6．The conference has been held to discuss the________of the Japans nuclear radiation on peoples lives in this area. A．effects B．concern C．protection D．attitudes 答案　A　[考查名詞詞義辨析。effect 影響；結果；concern關心；擔心；protection保護；attitude態(tài)度。the effect on sth 對……的影響。句意：舉行了一次會議來討論日本的核輻射對這一地區(qū)人們的生活的影響。] 7．Many wild animals________，so we must take measures to protect them.(2012山東實驗中學高三模擬) A．are dying out B．have died out C．died out D．die out 答案　A　[考查動詞的時態(tài)。die out滅絕。由so we must take measures to protect them可知A項正確。句意：許多野生動物正在滅絕，因此，我們必須采取措施來保護它們。] 8．According to the record reports, one of the rare animals，________crocodile is in________danger of dying out. A．a; the B．/ ；as C．/ ; the D．the ; / 答案　D　[考查語境中冠詞的用法?？蓴?shù)名詞單數(shù)前可以加a/an /the來表達泛指概念；in danger of 有……的危險，為短語搭配形式，danger前不加冠詞，故D項正確。句意：根據調查報告顯示，鱷魚正面臨滅絕的危險。] 9．Many developing countries are unwilling to pursue their economic development________destroying the environment despite there being several financial crises. (2012江蘇淮安高三調研) A．at the risk of B．at the cost of C．at the end of D．at the mercy of 答案　B　[考查介詞短語的辨析。at the risk of 冒著……的危險；at the cost of 以……為代價；at the end of在……的末端/盡頭；at the mercy of聽憑……的處置。句意：盡管存在金融危機，但許多發(fā)展中國家并不愿意以破壞環(huán)境為代價來追求經濟的發(fā)展。] 10．Good dietary sources of calcium should________leafy green vegetables, fish，yogurt, tofu and breakfast cereals(谷類食物)． A．contain B．possess C．share D．include 答案　D　[考查動詞詞義辨析。contain包含，強調賓語是主語的組成部分；possess擁有；share 分享；include包含；包括……在內。由語境可知D項正確。句意：良好的飲食結構中鈣的來源主要包括綠葉蔬菜、魚、酸奶、豆腐及適合早餐的谷類食物。] 11．—What is that noise? —Oh, I forgot to tell you that the new machine________.(2012安徽百校論壇高三聯(lián)考) A．was tested B．will be tested C．has been tested D．is being tested 答案　D　[考查動詞的時態(tài)及語態(tài)。由What is that noise？可知某一動作正在進行，故D項正確。句意：——什么聲？——噢，我忘記告訴你了，那臺新機器正在檢測。] 12．________moment he saw Zhao Benshans funny performances, he burst into________ laughter.(2012浙江學軍中學高三模擬) A．A；/ B．A；the C．The；/ D．The; a 答案　C　[考查語境中冠詞的用法。the moment＋句子，表示“一……就……”；burst into laughter 突然大笑起來。句意：他一看到趙本山滑稽的表演就大笑起來。] 13．Always remember that your own decision________is more important than anything else. A．to succeed B．succeeding C．having succeeded D．succeeded 答案　A　[考查動詞的非謂語形式作后置定語。不定式作定語表示該動作還沒有發(fā)生；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示該動作正在進行；過去分詞作定語則表示動作的完成。由語境可知A項正確。句意：永遠牢記你要成功的決定比其它任何東西都重要。] 14．It was not what he said but________he said it that made me surprised. A．the way B．in the way that C．in the way D．the way which 答案　A　[考查名詞way 的用法。the way 表示“……的方式”且后接定語從句時從句的引導詞有三種形式，即：in which，that 或什么也不加，由此可知A 項正確。句意：使我吃驚的不是他說的話而是他說話的方式。] 15．________in volunteering work，the couple lead a busy and rich life they retired. A．Employing B．Employed C．To employ D．Being employed 答案　B　[考查動詞的非謂語形式做狀語。be employed in doing sth 忙于干某事，作狀語時去掉be動詞。句意：由于忙于做志愿工作，那對夫婦退休后過著忙碌而充實的生活。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分) You have waited 45 minutes for the valuable 10 minutes break between classes.But when the bell for the next class rings，you cant __16__ how quickly time has passed. If you are familiar with this __17__，youll know how time flies when you are having fun and __18__ when you are bored.Now scientists have __19__ a reason why this is the case. Scans have shown that patterns of activity in the brain __20__ according to how we focus on a task.When we are __21__，we concentrate more on how time is passing.And this makes us __22__ the clock is ticking more slowly. In an experiment __23__ by a French laboratory,12 volunteers watched an image __24__ researchers monitored their brain activity. The volunteers were told to __25__ concentrate on how long an image appeared，then __26__ the color of the image，and third，study both the duration and the color.The results showed that the __27__ was more active when the volunteers paid attention to __28__ subjects. It is thought that if the brain is __29__ focusing on many aspects of a task，it has to __30__ its resources，and pays less attention to the clock.__31__，time really passes without us __32__ it，and seems to go quickly.If the brain is not so active，it concentrates its __33__ energies on monitoring the passing of time.__34__，time seems to drag.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Next time you feel bored __35__，perhaps you should pay more attention to what the teacher is saying! 【解題導語】 本文講述了為什么有時我們感覺一節(jié)課時間過得很快，有時過得很慢，這主要是因為人的大腦對于一個任務的專注程度不同。當大腦專注于一個任務的多個方面時，它的精力就會被分散，因而就轉移了對時間的注意。 16．A.guess B．learn C．believe D．doubt 答案　C　[考查語境與動詞的辨析。課間十分鐘玩得很開心，時間在不知不覺中就過去了。此處用cant believe表示對這段時間飛快流逝的驚訝與感嘆。] 17．A.view B．point C．scene D．experience 答案　C　[考查語境與名詞的辨析。上文提到的是一種特定的心理場面，而不是人所經歷的某一件具體的事情，故此處表示如果你對這個場景熟悉的話。scene意為“情景，場面”。] 18．A.drags B．stops C．backs D．gains 答案　A　[考查上下文的語境。根據文中倒數(shù)第二段的解釋可得知答案。也可從此處與前面相同的結構推出答案。drag“過得很慢，拖沓地進行”。] 19．A.thought over B．made up C．came out D．come up with 答案　D　[考查動詞短語的辨析。think over意為“仔細考慮”；make up意為“組成”；come out意為“出現(xiàn)，露出”；come up with意為“找到，提出”。科學家是以實驗為基礎進行研究而給出的一種解釋。] 20．A.change B．develop C．grow D．slow 答案　A　[考查上下文的語境。聯(lián)系下文的實驗可知，當人的大腦集中于一個任務的多個方面時，就變得比較活躍，反之，則變得不那么活躍。所以當大腦所注意的任務不同時，大腦的活動狀態(tài)是不一樣的。故A項符合題意。] 21．A.sleepy B．bored C．excited D．active 答案　B　[考查上下文的語境。聯(lián)系上下文可知，人在比較厭煩或感到無事可做的時候，才感覺時間過得很慢。] 22．A.report B．think C．decide D．see 答案　B　[考查生活常識。時間過得很慢只是人的主觀感受。] 23．A.produced B．carried C．tried D．performed 答案　D　[考查語境與動詞搭配。空白處所缺的詞作定語，應與前面的experiment構成動賓關系，結合下文進行的實驗可知，只有D項符合。B項若為carried out也是正確答案。] 24．A.so B．when C．while D．but 答案　C　[考查語境與邏輯關系，此處用while強調在實驗過程中，被實驗者與研究人員的任務對比關系。] 25．A.partly B．quickly C．slowly D．first 答案　D　[考查上下文的語境。根據后面的“then...third”可得知答案。] 26．A.remember B．focus on C．forget D．tell apart 答案　B　[考查上下文的語境。根據下文第29空后的解釋可知，實驗的目的是讓大腦不停地專注于一個任務的多個方面。] 27．A.researchers B．experiment C．clock D．brain 答案　D　[考查語境。此處指被研究人員的大腦思維比較活躍。] 28．A.much B．many C．less D．more 答案　D　[考查上下文的語境。結合上文的實驗可知，研究人員是讓實驗者的大腦專注于一個任務的多個方面。由上文中的“brain was more active”中的more可知，答案為D。] 29．A.busy B．likely C．ready D．sure 答案　A　[考查語境與固定短語搭配。be busy doing...意為“忙于……”，為固定搭配；be likely to do...意為“可能做……”；be ready to。] 30．A.focus B．gather C．reach D．spread 答案　D　[考查上下文的語境。聯(lián)系上下文可知，當大腦專注于一個任務的多個方面時，它的精力就會被分散，因而就轉移了對時間的注意。spread意為“使分散，使分布”，符合題意。] 31．A.However B．Furthermore C．Therefore D．Finally 答案　C　[考查語境。此處是上述實驗所得出的一個結論。] 32．A.recognizing B．watching C．noticing D．counting 答案　C　[考查上下文的語境。根據此處的語境可知，此處是指不管我們有沒有注意時間，時間都在流逝。] 33．A.enough B．full C．right D．proper 答案　B　[考查語境與形容詞的辨析。right和proper意為“正確的，恰當?shù)摹?，同義，可排除；enough意為“足夠的”，上下文沒有相應的語境，可排除；full意為“最大量的，盡量多的”，符合語境。如果大腦不太活躍的話，就會把大量的精力集中在計算時間的流逝上。] 34．A.In fact B．As a result C．For example D．Instead of 答案　B　[考查上下文的語境。本句是根據前面的分析得出的結論。] 35．A.in class B．with work C．in mind D．of lessons 答案　A　[考查上下文的語境。本句與文章第一段相對應，是對第一段在課堂上出現(xiàn)的問題的一種解決方法。另外，根據文章最后一句也可得出答案。] Ⅲ.閱讀理解(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分) A recent study of ancient and modern elephant has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的 )species. The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard University when they were examing the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon modern elephants—the Asian elephant, African forest elephant, and African savanna elephant. Once they obtained DNA sequences(序列)from two fossils(化石)，mammoths and mastodons, the team compated them with DNA from modern elephants. They found their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths. The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The_divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists. There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species, but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species. Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species, despite the elephants significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However，the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA. Alfried Roca, assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of Illinois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two difficult units for conservation purpose. Since 1950, all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants have been distinct animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority(優(yōu)先)for conservation purposes.” 【解題導語】 本文為說明文。最近的一項研究表明非洲大象被分為兩種截然不同的物種。 36．One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of ________. A．the Asian elephant B．the forest elephant C．the savanna elephant D．the mastodon elephant 答案　D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段的第一句Once they obtained DNA sequences(序列)from two fossils(化石)，mammoths and mastodons...可知答案為D。] 37．The underlined word “divergence” in Paragraph 4 means“________”． A．evolution B．exhibition C．separation D．examination 答案　C　[詞義猜測題。前面一句講到了這兩種大象分離成不同的物種已有數(shù)百萬年了，由此可判斷divergence在此是“分離”之意。] 38．The researchers conclusion was based on a study of the African elephants________. A．DNA B．height C．weight D．population 答案　A　[細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句可知研究人員的結論是在檢測非洲大象DNA的基礎上得出來的。] 39．What are Alfred Rocas words mainly about? A．The conservation of African elephant. B．The purpose of studying African elephant. C．The way to divide African elephants into two units. D．The reason for the distinction of African elephants. 答案　A　[推理判斷題。根據最后一段的內容可知Alfred Roca的話主要講的是對不同的非洲大象要分別采取不同的保護措施。] 40．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Naturalist Beliefs about Elephants B．Amazing Experiments about Elephants C．An Unexpected Finding about Elephants D．A Long Scientific Debate about Elephants 答案　C　[主旨大意題。根據本文的主題句(第一段)可知選C。] 寫作素材集錦 單詞 break間歇，休息 句子 It is thought that if the brain is busy focusing on many aspects of a task，it has to spread its resources，and pays less attention to the clock. 據說如果人的大腦總忙于集中在一個任務的多個方面，它就不得不分散它的資源，這樣對時間的關注就變少了。 8