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七年級(jí)(下)　Units 7—12 中考基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理 類別 課標(biāo)考點(diǎn)要求 詞匯攻關(guān) 1.rain(v.& n．)→__rainy__(adj.)陰雨的；多雨的★ 2.sun(n.)→__sunny__(adj.)晴朗的★ 3.bad(adj.)→__worse__(比較級(jí))更糟糕的★ →__worst__(最高級(jí))最糟糕的 4.dry(adj.)→__wet__(反義詞)濕的 5.cold(adj.)→__hot__(反義詞)熱的 6.snow(v.& n．)→__snowy__(adj.)下雪的 7.high(adj.)→__height__(n.)高度 8.farm(n.)→__farmer__(n.) 農(nóng)民；農(nóng)場(chǎng)主★ 9.slow(adj.)→__fast/quick__(反義詞)快的 10.mouse(n.)→__mice__(pl.)老鼠；耗子 11.act(v.)→__action__(n.)動(dòng)作★ →__actor__(n.)演員★ →__actress__(n.)女演員 12.wake(v.)→__woke__(過去式)★ →__waken__(過去分詞)弄醒；醒 →__awake__(adj.)醒著的 13.person(n.)→__personal__(adj.)個(gè)人的★ 14.sheep(n.)→__sheep__(pl.)羊；綿羊 15.cheap(adj.)→__expensive/dear__(反義詞)昂貴的 16.thin(adj.)→__fat/heavy__(反義詞)胖的；重的 →__thick__(反義詞)濃密的；厚的 →__thinner__(比較級(jí))更瘦的；更薄的★ →__thinnest__(最高級(jí))最瘦的；最薄的 17.potato(n.)→__potatoes__(pl.)土豆；馬鈴薯 18.love(v.& n．)→__lovely__(adj.)可愛的★ 19.nature(n.)→__natural__(adj.)自然的★ 20.surprise(n.)→__surprising__(adj.)令人吃驚的 →__surprised__(adj.)感到驚訝的★ 21.different(adj.)→__difference__(n.)不同；區(qū)別★ →__differently__(adv.)不同地 →__same__(adj.的反義詞)相同的 22.hear(v.)→__heard__(過去式/過去分詞)聽到；聽見 短語(yǔ)歸納 1.給某人捎個(gè)口信；傳話__take__a__message__for__sb.__ 2.度假 __on__(a)__vacation____ 3.警察局 __police__station____ 4.付費(fèi)電話 __pay__phone____ 5.在……對(duì)面 __across__from____ 6.在……前面 __in__front__of____ 7.沿著(這條街)走 __go__along__(the__street)__ 8.向右/左轉(zhuǎn) __turn__right/left____ 9.花時(shí)間 __spend__time____ 10.喜歡閱讀 __enjoy__reading____ 11.一點(diǎn)；少量 __a__little/bit____ 12.最后 __in__the__end__ 13.點(diǎn)菜____take__ones__order______ 14.許愿 __make__a____wish____ 15.給……帶來好運(yùn)__bring__good____luck__to…__ 16.受歡迎；流行 __get__popular______ 17.給奶牛擠奶 __milk__a__cow____ 18.騎馬 __ride__a__horse____ 19.喂雞 ____feed____chickens____ 20.在鄉(xiāng)下；在農(nóng)村__in__the__countryside____ 21.總的說來 __all__in__all____ 22.對(duì)……感興趣 __be__interested__in____ 23.深夜不睡；熬夜____stay__up__late____ 24.跑開 __run__away____ 25.放風(fēng)箏 __fly__a__kite____ 26.搭起；舉起 __put__up____ 27.吃驚 __get__a__surprise____ 28.上上下下；起伏 __up__and__down____ 句型再現(xiàn)(含情景交際) 　  1.(談?wù)撎鞖?“北京的天氣怎么樣？”“天氣晴朗。” —__Whats__the__weather__like/Hows__the__weather__ in Beijing？ —Its sunny. 2.“近來可好？”“還不錯(cuò)。” —__Hows__it__going__？ —Not bad. 3.你能否告訴他給我回個(gè)電話？ Could you just __tell__him__to__call__me__back__？ 4.我正開心地拜訪我在加拿大的姑姑。 __Im__having__a__great__time__visiting__ my aunt in Canada. 5.你們國(guó)家現(xiàn)在很熱，對(duì)嗎？ Its hot in your country now，__isnt__it__？ 6.要去那兒的話，我通常步行外出，在大橋路向右拐。 __To__get__there__，I usually walk out and __turn__right__ on Bridge Road. 7.圖書館很安靜，我喜歡在那里看書。 The library is very quiet and I __enjoy__reading__ there. 8.(描述人物外貌)“她長(zhǎng)什么樣？”“她留著長(zhǎng)直發(fā)?！? —__What__does__she__look__like__？ —She __has__long__straight__hair__. 9.(點(diǎn)餐)“你需要什么？”“我還沒想好?！? —__What__would__ you like？ —__Im__not__sure__ yet. 10.(點(diǎn)餐)你想吃哪種面條？ __What__kind__of__noodles__ would you like？ 11.蠟燭的數(shù)量就是這個(gè)人的年齡。 __The__number__of__candles__is__ the persons age. 12.如果他(她)一口氣把蠟燭全部吹滅的話，許的愿望便會(huì)成真。 If he or she blows out all the candles__in__one__go__，the wish __will__e__true__. 13.卡蘿爾拍了些照片嗎？ __Did__Carol __take__any__photos__？ 14.(談?wù)摶顒?dòng)及感受)“你上周的旅行怎么樣？”“棒極了。” —__How__was__ your trip last week？ —It was __excellent__. 15.然后導(dǎo)游教我們?nèi)绾沃谱鳈C(jī)器人模型。 Then the guide taught us __how__to__make__a__model__robot__. 16.禮品店里的東西這么貴。我一點(diǎn)都不喜歡這次旅行。 The things in the gift shop were so expensive.I __didnt__like__the__trip__at__all__. 17.這就是為什么學(xué)習(xí)第二語(yǔ)言很重要。 Thats why __its__important__to__learn__ a second language. 18.作為一份特殊的禮物，我們的父母帶我們?nèi)チ擞《取? As a special gift，our parents __took__us__to__India__. 19.在那里我們架起帳篷，生火取暖并做飯。 There we put up our tents and made a fire __to__keep__us__warm__ and cook food on. 20.但是我太累了，所以早早就睡覺了。 But I was __so__tired__that__ I went to sleep early. 21.我們看見一條大蛇正在篝火附近睡覺。 We saw a big snake __sleeping__near__the__fire__. 語(yǔ)法 1.一般過去時(shí)(詳見第二編P128) 2.there be句型(詳見第二編P139) 3.地點(diǎn)介詞(詳見第二編P107) 4.選擇疑問句(詳見第二編P135) 5.would like的用法 6.some與any的用法(詳見第一編P99) 話題 Unit 7 The weather(天氣) Unit 8 The neighborhood(鄰里之間) Unit 9 Physical appearance(外貌特征) Unit 10 Food(食物) Unit 11 School trips(校園旅行) Unit 12 Weekend activities(周末活動(dòng)) 素材包 校園旅行 (一)旅游注意事項(xiàng)： 1.We should obey rules while travelling. 2.We arent allowed to pick flowers or grass. 3.After the picnic，please take all your things away. 4.Dont take photos in the museum. 5.Stay together，or you may get lost. (二)旅行的見聞： 1.We took lots of beautiful photos/pictures on the beach. 2.I enjoy seeing beautiful flowers when walking around the village. 3.I felt like a fish when I swam in the sea. (三)旅行后的心情、感受： 1.We enjoyed ourselves during the trip. 2.How I wish I could go there next time！ 3.We felt happy though/although we felt a little tired. 4.Well never forget this trip. 貴陽(yáng)中考重難點(diǎn)突破 　辨析news，information與message (教材七下P38) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 詞匯 含義 詞性 用法 短語(yǔ) news 新聞 不可數(shù)名詞 指廣播、電視、報(bào)紙等新聞媒體發(fā)布的社會(huì)各方面的最新消息 a piece of news一條消息 information 信息；消息 不可數(shù)名詞 閱讀、觀察、談話或者書信中特別關(guān)注的消息、資料等，這里側(cè)重內(nèi)容 get some information獲取信息 message 信息；消息 可數(shù)名詞 指音訊，一般指口頭傳遞的或者書寫的“消息” take a message捎個(gè)口信 message，news，information 1．I have a piece of good __news__ to tell you.I passed the exam. 2．(貴州紅色文化題)Students can learn some __information__ about Zunyi Meeting from history books. 3．Mr.Brown is having a meeting now.May I take your __message__？ ( B )4.(xx河北中考改編)Did you hear the ________？A scientist will visit our school. A．a(chǎn)dvice B．news C．praise 　辨析few，a few，little與a little(教材七下P50) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 單詞及短語(yǔ) 用法 例句 few 表否定，意為“幾乎沒有”，修飾可數(shù)名詞 He has few friends here.這兒他幾乎沒有朋友。 a few 表肯定，意為“有一點(diǎn)兒”，修飾可數(shù)名詞 There are a few apples in the basket.籃子里有幾個(gè)蘋果。 little 表否定，意為“幾乎沒有”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞 There is little water in the bottle.瓶子里幾乎沒水了。 a little 表肯定，意為“有一點(diǎn)兒”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞 Dont worry.There is a little time left.別擔(dān)心，還有一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。 few，a few，little，a little 1．There are __few__books left.We cant lend you any one. 2．Li Ping has learned Russian for four years，and he can speak __a__little__ Russian now. 3．I have __little__ pocket money，so I cant buy my favorite toy. 4．Tom has quite __a__few__hobbies such as collecting stamps and flying kites. 　辨析cost，spend，pay與take (教材七下P47) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 詞匯 用法 例句 cost “花費(fèi)”，主語(yǔ)必須是物或某種活動(dòng)。常見句型sth.cost…“某物花費(fèi)……” The dictionary cost me 20 dollars.這本字典花費(fèi)了我20美元。 spend “花費(fèi)”，主語(yǔ)是人。常用于sb.spend(s) some time/some money on sth./(in) doing sth.“某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢做某事” He spent three days on the work.＝He spent three days doing the work.他做這項(xiàng)工作用了三天的時(shí)間。 pay “付款；支付”，主語(yǔ)是人，常見搭配pay for“付費(fèi)” He has paid 50 dollars for the medicine.他已經(jīng)付了50美元買藥。 take “花費(fèi)”，常用句型It takes sb.some time to do sth.“花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間去做某事” It took me three months to draw the beautiful flowers.畫這些漂亮的花用了我三個(gè)月的時(shí)間。 pay，spend，cost，take 1．My sister __paid__ 30 dollars for a pair of jeans. 2．(貴陽(yáng)特色題)It __took__ us less than an hour to drive from Wengan to Guiyang on the highway. 3．The dictionary __cost__ her five dollars. 4．Tom used to __spend__ much time playing puter games. ( C )5.(熱點(diǎn)題)It takes me one and a half hours ________ the TV program Happy Camp(《快樂大本營(yíng)》) every Saturday evening. A．watch B．watching C．to watch 　辨析across，cross，through，over與past(教材七下P44) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 (1)across 介詞，“橫越；穿過”，指從表面走，從一邊到另一邊。如：go across the street穿過街道 (2)cross 動(dòng)詞，“橫越；穿過”，指從表面走，從一邊到另一邊。如：cross the street穿過街道 (3)through 介詞，“穿越”，指從空間內(nèi)部穿過。如：go through the forest 穿過森林 (4)over 介詞，“越過”，指從上方越過，或超過一段距離或一段時(shí)間。如：fly over the city飛過城市 (5)past 介詞，“經(jīng)過”，指從旁邊經(jīng)過。如：walk past the desk 從桌子旁走過 across，cross，through，past，over 1．Theres a bank right __across__ the street. 2．If we cant go __over__ the mountain，we must go around it. 3．We looked __through__ the window and saw some children playing on the playground. 4．She went __past__ the classroom of Class 4. 5．His father __crossed__ the street from the post office. 　enjoy的用法 (教材七下P47) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 (1)enjoy doing sth.意為“喜歡做某事；享受做某事的樂趣”。 (2)enjoy oneself 意為“玩得開心”，相當(dāng)于have fun/have a good time，常用于表達(dá)祝福，后面可以接doing結(jié)構(gòu)。 (3)enjoy的形容詞是enjoyable，意為“愉快的；快樂的”。 ( C )1.(熱點(diǎn)題)Nowadays many people enjoy ________the program Waiting for me(《等著我》) on CCTV1. A．watch B．to watch C．watching ( B )2.(xx黔南中考改編)Wele you all to China and enjoy________ here. A．yourself B．yourselves C．themselves 　would like的用法 (教材七下P55) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 d like是would like的縮寫形式，would like相當(dāng)于want。其常見用法有： (1)would like to do sth.＝want to do sth.想要做某事 (2)would like sb.to do sth.＝want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事 (3)Would you like sth.？你想要某物嗎？(客氣請(qǐng)求) 肯定答語(yǔ)：Yes，please. 否定答語(yǔ)：No，thanks. (4)Would you like to do sth.？你愿意做某事嗎？(表示請(qǐng)求、建議) 肯定答語(yǔ)：Yes，Id like/love to. 否定答語(yǔ)：Id love to，but… ( C )1.(貴州背景特色題)—Id like ______ Huangguoshu Waterfall this vacation.Can you go with me? —Sorry，I cant. A．visit B．visited C．to visit ( C )2.(畢節(jié)文化信息題)—Would you like to celebrate the Torch Festival(火把節(jié)) with us? —______. A．Sorry，Id love to B．Yes，I do C．Sure，Id love to 　Hows the weather？天氣如何？ (教材七下P39) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 Hows the weather(in＋地點(diǎn)＋in＋月份/季節(jié))？＝Whats the weather like(in＋地點(diǎn)＋in＋月份/季節(jié))？意為“天氣怎么樣？”how為疑問副詞，weather為不可數(shù)名詞。它的回答為“Its＋表示天氣的形容詞．”或“Its＋v.ing形式．”。如： Its sunny(陽(yáng)光明媚的)/cloudy(多云的)/snowy(下雪的)/rainy(多雨的)/windy(有風(fēng)的)/foggy(有霧的)． Its raining/snowing.正在下雨/下雪。 【溫馨提示】 以上句型中be動(dòng)詞的形式根據(jù)不同的時(shí)態(tài)(現(xiàn)在、過去或?qū)?而變化。如： How was the weather in Guiyang yesterday？＝What was the weather like in Guiyang yesterday？貴陽(yáng)昨天的天氣怎么樣？ How will the weather be tomorrow？＝What will the weather be like tomorrow？明天天氣怎么樣？ 1．How was the weather last Sunday？(改為同義句) __What__was__the__weather__like__ last Sunday? 2．Its cloudy today.(對(duì)畫線部分提問) __Hows__the__weather__today/Whats__the__weather__like__today________________________________________________________________________? 　What does he look like？他長(zhǎng)什么樣？ (教材七下P49) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 What does/do＋主語(yǔ)＋look like？用來詢問某人的外貌特征，意思是“……長(zhǎng)什么樣？”，常用“主語(yǔ)＋be＋描述人物外貌特征的形容詞”或“主語(yǔ)＋have/has＋名詞(名詞前可以有多個(gè)形容詞修飾)”兩種方式回答。如： —What does your friend look like？你的朋友長(zhǎng)什么樣？ —He is short and thin.他又矮又瘦。 【歸納拓展】 (1)“What is sb.like？”意為“某人是怎樣的人？”，主要用來詢問人的性格、品質(zhì)等內(nèi)在特征。如： —What is your father like？你爸爸是怎樣的一個(gè)人？ —He is tall and handsome，and hes very kind.他又高又帥，而且還很善良。 (2)“What does sb.like？”意為“某人喜歡什么？”，主要用來詢問愛好。如： —What does your father like？你爸爸喜歡什么？ —He likes reading books.他喜歡看書。 ( A )1.—Whats Tony like? —______． A．He is clever and confident B．He likes playing the guitar C．He likes sports ( B )2.—What does your friend like? —______． A．She wears glasses B．She likes singing and dancing C．She is outgoing 　There be句型 (教材七下P45) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 (1)There be句型表示的是“某處有(存在)某人或某物”，其肯定句式結(jié)構(gòu)為：There be(is，are)＋名詞＋地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)；否定句式結(jié)構(gòu)為There isnt/arent＋名詞＋地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如： There are two erasers in my pencil box.我的鉛筆盒里有兩塊橡皮。 There is a tall tree in front of the house.房子前有一棵大樹。 There isnt a bank on Bridge Street.大橋街上沒有銀行。 There arent any basketballs in the classroom.教室里沒有籃球。 (2)There be句型的一般疑問句及回答是：—Is/Are there…？—Yes，there is/are./No，there isnt/arent.如： —Is there a restaurant near here？這附近有餐館嗎？ —Yes，there is.是的，有。 —Are there any students in the classroom？教室里有學(xué)生嗎？ —No，there arent.不， 沒有。 (3)There be 句型中的主謂一致原則 There be句型中be動(dòng)詞的形式要和其后面的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。如果句子的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞，或是不可數(shù)名詞，be動(dòng)詞用“is”；如果句子的主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，be動(dòng)詞就用“are”；如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞作主語(yǔ)，be動(dòng)詞要和最靠近它的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致，也就是我們常說的“就近原則”。如： There is an orange and some bananas on the table.桌子上有一個(gè)橙子和一些香蕉。 There are some books and a ruler on the desk.書桌上有一些書和一把尺子。 (4)句型“There be＋主語(yǔ)＋v.ing＋地點(diǎn)”表示“在……地方有……(人/事)正在……”。如： There is someone singing in the next room.隔壁有人正在唱歌。 1．Look！There is a cat__sleeping__(sleep) under the table. 2．There__is__(be) a lot of rain in this area in June every year. 3．There__are__(be) some boys and a girl in the classroom. ( C )4.(xx湘西中考)—Excuse me.Is there a bank near here? —________.Its just between my house and a post office. A．Yes，it is B．No，there isnt C．Yes，there is 隨堂知識(shí)鞏固 一、單項(xiàng)選擇。 ( C )1.(xx襄陽(yáng)中考改編)—Is your brother at home？I want to tell him about our picnic.【考點(diǎn)?】 —Oh，he is out at the moment.Can I ______ a message for him? A．find B．give C．take ( C )2. (xx涼山州中考改編)—Can you help me meet my friend Steve at the airport，Joe? —With pleasure.What does he look like? —He______ of medium height and he ______ small eyes. A．has；has B．is；is C．is；has ( B )3.(新信息題)Chinese people were______ when they knew Wu Dajing won the first place in 500 m short track speed skating(500米短道速滑)． A．excite B．excited C．exciting ( C )4. (xx烏魯木齊中考改編)________ people prefer HUAWEI phones，and about ________ of them are adults. A．The number of；fourfifths B．A number of；fourfifth C．A number of；fourfifths ( A )5.(xx南京中考改編)—Do you have this Tshirt in a small ________？ —Im afraid not.It only es in medium. A．size B．colour C．material ( A )6.(新信息題)These days many people________ to see the Jakarta Asian Games(雅加達(dá)亞運(yùn)會(huì))． A．stay up B．take up C．pick up 二、(初高銜接題)下列句子均有一項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)找出并改正。 1．How is the weather like in Guiyang？【考點(diǎn)?】 __How→What或like__ 2．Tony and Tom enjoy read in the library.【考點(diǎn)?】 __read→reading__ 3．They went to a park yesterday and have a picnic. __have→had__ 4．Id like ∧ play badminton.【考點(diǎn)?】 __like與play之間加to__ 5．Mr.Li prefers coffee has sugar. __has→with__