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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 題型技法指導(dǎo)專題六 信息匹配 真題試做 （一） （xx陜西高考） A．Be wellorganised. B．Close with a Q & A. C．Dont be contradictory. D．Bring it to a specific end. E．Speak slowly and pause. F．Drop unnecessary words. Speaking to a group can be difficult，but listening to a bad speech is truly a tiresome task—especially when the speaker is confusing.Dont want to confuse your audience？Follow these suggestions： 1． When it es to understanding new information，the human brain needs a little time.First，we hear the words；then，we pare the new information to what we already know.If the two are different，we need to pause and think.But a breathless speaker never stops to let us think about what he or she is saying and risks confusing us.Slow it down.And breathe. 2． Sometimes we all start a sentence one way and then switch directions，which is very difficult to follow.When you confuse your listeners with opposing information，you leave the audience wondering what part of the information is right and what part they should remember.Instead of relying on keeping correcting yourself，work to get the facts clear and straight. 3． Jumping from point to point as it es to your mind puts the onus（責(zé)任）on your listeners to make up for your lack of organisation.And its confusing for them to listen，reorganise，and figure out what youre saying all at once.But going smoothly from one point to the next helps them understand information more easily.You can arrange things from beginning to end，small to large，top to bottom or by some other order.Just be sure to organise. 4． Repeated use of um，ah，like，you know and some other useless noises can drive an audience crazy.It makes the speaker sound uncertain and unprepared，and it can leave listeners so annoyed that they cant pay attention.Recently I attended a speech that was marked by so many ums that audience members were rolling their eyes.Was anybody grasping the intended message？Um，probably not. 5． Many speakers finish up their speeches with questionandanswer（Q & A）sessions，but some let the Q & A go on without a clear end.The audience is often left confused about whether the meeting is over and when they can get up and leave.Do your listeners a favour by setting a time limit on questions，and close your speech with a specific signal—even if its something simple like，“If you have any more questions，you know where to reach me.” Or even more to the point，conclude your speech with“Thanks for your time.” （二） （xx上海高考） A．When a child should learn to read B．Why it is fun to teach a child reading C．What if a child has reading problems D．How you prepare a young child for reading E．What is the best way to teach a child reading F．Whether reading early promises later achievements 1． Learning to read early has bee one of those indicators—in parents minds at least—that their child is smart.In fact，reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically.Research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual child.In some cases，there are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overe with proper training. 2． Traditionally，American schools teach children at age six，but many schools begin teaching informally in kindergarten and prekindergarten.If parents start too early to encourage reading，and a child does not immediately succeed，the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace. 3． Over the years，research has proved that the use of both the “whole language” method and the “phonic”method works best for a child to master reading.While the whole language approach，which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading，is helpful，phonics must be taught.Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a “p” and another a “b”．Getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able to understand the meaning of what is written. 4． You can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children.Besides reading to them，parents can start “ear training” their child by playing rhyme games.This develops the childs ability to recognize different sounds.In reading to children，parents also can point to words as they go，teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying.All this should be a fun activity. 5． Once a child is in school，the learning of reading is inevitably more serious.For children who have some kind of reading difficulty，you must get a professional diagnosis.While the teacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it，disinterest or poor performance in reading can stem from a number of things，some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on.But it is very tricky for parents to deal with their own childs learning disabilities. 考向分析 “信息匹配題”出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解第二節(jié)，主要考查考生對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容把握及對(duì)段落大意的歸納和概括能力。這道題既考查了考生的快速閱讀能力，又考查了考生獲取信息、分析信息和處理信息的綜合運(yùn)用英語的能力。其具體特點(diǎn)如下： 1．選文以說明文或議論文為主，其材料基本保留了原有的語言風(fēng)格，因此詞匯量較大；文章較長（400詞左右），所含信息量也很大。 2．文章結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，層次分明，每段談?wù)撘粋€(gè)問題，中心明確，大多段落有中心句。 3．選項(xiàng)簡明扼要，主要以詞數(shù)不多的短語或句子呈現(xiàn)。有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)，并且個(gè)別選項(xiàng)之間有交叉重疊的部分，這就需要學(xué)生能夠抓住主要信息或關(guān)鍵詞語，對(duì)其進(jìn)行區(qū)別辨析。 答題步驟 1．細(xì)讀選項(xiàng)，抓關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn) 六選五的答案選項(xiàng)只多出一項(xiàng)，并且給出的都是短語或句子，我們可以通過閱讀選項(xiàng)，把選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞匯（名詞，動(dòng)詞，形容詞和副詞等）標(biāo)記出來，從而方便找出各段落和選項(xiàng)的匹配點(diǎn)。 2．通讀全文，理清各段落間邏輯關(guān)系 通讀全文，理清各段落之間的關(guān)系。閱讀時(shí)要特別注意文章有沒有標(biāo)題，以及利用各段的首句和尾句抓住段落大意。 3．分析易混段落及選項(xiàng)，確定答案 有時(shí)個(gè)別選項(xiàng)和段落之間有一定的關(guān)聯(lián)，甚至不容易區(qū)分。這時(shí)我們就應(yīng)詳細(xì)分析相關(guān)選項(xiàng)使其不同點(diǎn)無限擴(kuò)大，同時(shí)可以回歸文章主題。 4．復(fù)查匹配信息，確保無誤 如果時(shí)間允許，可將所選的項(xiàng)目與段落再次進(jìn)行對(duì)比、匹配，檢查和避免一些疏漏和錯(cuò)誤之處。 技法指導(dǎo) 1．閱讀各段落時(shí)一定要抓住關(guān)鍵句，千萬不要把注意力過多地放在一些生詞上，應(yīng)注意整體理解，同時(shí)注意各句之間的并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)等關(guān)系。 2．先易后難，逐個(gè)解決 做此題時(shí)，由于其文體特點(diǎn)及考試的要求，考生可以先處理比較容易的段落，不必按部就班，拘泥于文章的段落順序。 3．選一個(gè)劃一個(gè)，減少干擾。同時(shí)可以縮小后面題的選擇范圍，提高做題的速度和準(zhǔn)確性。 誤區(qū)警示 （xx陜西省《考試說明》所附信息匹配樣題） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從下框的A～F選項(xiàng)中選出能概括每一段主題的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余項(xiàng)。 A．A careful analysis biologically B．What is global warming？ C．Solution to the terrifying result D．Greater danger of extinction E．Many shocking things were found. F．A shocking report 61． The earth is getting warmer.People burn coal，oil and gas and this produces carbon dioxide，methane（沼氣）and nitrous oxide.These gases，called “greenhouse gases”，prevent the heat of the sun from leaving the earths upper atmosphere and this makes the earth warmer. 62． A few weeks ago a group of scientists produced a report about global warming and the natural world.They wanted to find out if global warming was dangerous for plants and animals.According to what they found，the scientists say that during the next 50 years about 25% of land animals and plants will bee extinct（滅絕）．More than a million plant and animal species（物種）will be extinct by 2050. 63． More than 10% of all plants and animals will bee extinct.It is too late to save many plants and animals because of the greenhouse gases that are already in the atmosphere.But the scientists say if we control greenhouse gases now，we could save many more plants and animals from extinction. 64． The scientists studied some regions of the world with a very rich biology.These regions were Europe，Australia，Central and South America，and South Africa.Their studies showed that species living in mountainous areas had a better chance of survival because they could move uphill，to get cooler.In flat areas，such as deserts，plants and animals would have to move a very long distance to get cooler，so they are in greater danger of extinction. 65． The scientists found that half of the 24 species of butterflies they studied in Australia would soon bee extinct.60% of the species in the Kruger National Park in South Africa would also die out，and more than 100% of the 300 South Africa plant species they studied would also bee extinct.One of the plants in danger of extinction is the national flower of South Africa，the King Protea.They studied 163 tree species in the Cerrado region of Brazil and found that 70 would bee extinct.Many of the plants and trees that live in this region live nowhere else in the world.In Mexico，they studied 1,870 species and found that more than 30% of these were in danger of extinction. 答案：BFCAE 錯(cuò)混辨析： 1．關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)詞匯理解失誤 62．F　首先要看到本段第一句話中的“report”一詞可知本段介紹報(bào)告，接著文中提到一些數(shù)據(jù)，由這些數(shù)據(jù)可知，這是一個(gè)令人（shocking）震驚的報(bào)告，所以本段的主旨大意與F項(xiàng)匹配。D項(xiàng)有干擾，由于段落中出現(xiàn)了“dangerous”和“extinct”這兩個(gè)詞匯，而D項(xiàng)“Greater danger of extinction”（滅絕的巨大危險(xiǎn)）中有和本段重合的詞匯。但本段并未提及到具體的危險(xiǎn)。 2．個(gè)別段落理解以偏概全 64．A　本段第一句就講到有關(guān)生物方面的研究，再看看后面的研究報(bào)告中的分析，就可以斷定本段的主旨大意是A項(xiàng)。本題易誤選D項(xiàng)，雖然D項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在本段最后一句，但不能概括本段的主旨。 65．E　快速瀏覽最后一段，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)里面有大量數(shù)據(jù)，而這些數(shù)據(jù)正是反映全球變暖所引起的物種大滅絕的可怕事實(shí)，所以本段主旨大意應(yīng)該是E項(xiàng)。如果不細(xì)心思考，很可能會(huì)選D項(xiàng)，原因是最后一段中多次出現(xiàn)“extinct”和“extinction”。 （一） （xx西安八校聯(lián)考） A．The location of the green building B．The attitude of the author to the green building C．Green buildings will bee popular in the future. D．The definition of a green building E．The development of the green building F．The example of a green building 1． These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint.Green building can also refer to environmentally friendly houses，factories，and offices.A green building means “reducing the impact（影響）of the building on the land”，Taryn Holowka of the U．S.Green Building Council in Washington，D.C.，said. 2． According to Holowaka，buildings account for 65 percent of the total U．S.electricity use.But green buildings can reduce energy and water use.Also，the buildings are often located near public transportation such as buses and subways，so that people can drive their cars less.That could be good for the environment，because cars use lots of gas and give off pollution.Green buildings are often built on developed land，so that the buildings dont destroy forests. 3． Mary Dettling is a project manager for the building that put these ideas into action.The Solaire has been called the countrys first green highrise building.According to Dettling，“Weve reduced our energy use by onethird and our water by 50 percent”．The Solaire also has lights that automatically turn off when people leave the room.In addition，the building has lots of windows，allowing people to use the sun for light during the day.The Solaire cuts water using. 4． Not everyone is eager to move into a green building，however.Some people think that things like solar panels cost more money than more traditional energy sources.Anyhow，Holowaka said，“Its going to take off.” 5． So I like a green building better than a mon building because it can save a lot of energy such as electricity as well as water，though it will cost more money.I hope we human beings can enjoy a clean and fortble natural environment. （二） （xx陜西西工大附中模擬） A．Decide to Be Happy B．Lower Your Expectations C．Learn to Enjoy the Moment D．Look for the Good in Everything E．Let People Deal with Their Own Problems F．Focus More on What You Can Control Than on What You Cant So many times I hear people say that they will be happy once a certain event occurs.They think that once they move into a new house，start their new job，travel or retire they will be happy.But it doesnt work that way. If you truly want to be happy，heres what to do. 1． You are not just a victim of circumstances or your emotions.Think about it this way.If you are in a horrible argument with someone，and the person you most respect enters the room，what will happen? The fighting will likely stop immediately，your mood will change，and so will your behavior.You do have control，and you are the one who decides how you will face the day! 2． We are never disappointed unless we have expectations.If you base your emotions on the need for certain things to happen，you will likely be let down most of the time.Instead，work hard，and treat everything good that happens as a bonus for which you can be thankful. 3． Dont get too wrapped up in issues involving friends or family.We are each responsible for our own lives，and even when someone makes a bad mistake，it is not up to you to make things better.And remember that worry doesnt help anyone! 4． You might not be satisfied with your ine，but theres no point plaining about it.Improve your diploma so that you can get a better job in the future.You may have an incurable illness，such as diabetes，but the fact that its incurable doesnt mean that it cannot be managed. 5． You dont have to be a pollyanna（盲目樂觀者）about life，but you can see the bright side of almost every situation if you just make a point of looking for it.Happiness is not an uncatchable mouse！Once you have made up your mind that you are going to be happy despite what is going on around you，the task bees easier.One of the key things to remember is that happiness doesnt e from outside but begins on the inside and actually spread outward，and can influence everyone around you in a positive manner. （三） A．Treasure every moment B．What we always frustrate C．Theres no better time than right now D．Time waits for no one E．Life is limited F．One of my favourite quotes 1． We always convince ourselves that life will be better after we get married，have a baby，than another.Then we are frustrated that the kids arent old enough and well be more content when they are.After that were frustrated that we have teenagers to deal with.We will certainly be happy when they are out of that stage. 2． We always tell ourselves that our life will be plete when our spouse gets his or her act together.When we get a nice car，and are able to go on a nice vacation when we retire.The truth is，theres no better time than right now.If not now，when? our life will always be filled with challenges.Its best to admit this to ourselves and decide to be happy anyway. 3． One of my favorite quotes es from Alfred Souza.He said，“For a long time it had seemed to me that life was about to beginreal life.But there was always some obstacle in the way，something to be gotten through first，some unfinished business，time still to be served，a debt to be paid. 4． Then life would begin.At last it dawned on me that these obstacles were my life.This perspective has helped me to see that there is no way to happiness.Happiness is the way.So treasure every moment that you have. 5． And remember that time waits for no one.So stop waiting until you finish school，until you go back to school; until you get married，until you get divorced; until you have kids; until you retire; until you get a new car or home; until spring; until you are born again to decide that there is no better time than right now to be happy. Happiness is a journey，not a destination.So，work like you dont need money，love like youve never been hurt，And dance like no ones watching. （四） A．A short history of naming hurricanes B．Make use of the hurricane energy C．Difficulty in forecasting the course of a hurricane D．Huge energy stored in a hurricane E．Forecasting a hurricane through satellite watching F．Different names for the same things Hurricanes 1． Did you know that before 1950，hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers.The first names were simply Alpha，Bravo，Charlie，etc.But in 1953，females names were given because of the unpredictability factor of the storms.In 1979，realizing the sexist（性別歧視的）nature of such names，the lists were expanded to include both men and women. 2． Hurricanes and typhoons are the same things.If they form in the Atlantic，we call these strong storms hurricanes，from the West Indian word hurricane，meaning “big wind”．And if they are Pacific storms，they are called typhoons from the Chinese “taifeng”，meaning “great wind”．To be classified as a hurricane，the storm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph. 3． Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its storedup energy.All water vapor gives out heat as it condenses（凝結(jié)）from a gaseous state to a liquid state over fixed points on the equator（赤道）．To make a hurricane，you must have extremely wet，warm air，the kind of air that can only be found in tropical region. 4． Scientists have determined that the heat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as 95 billion kilowatts per hour.In just one day alone，the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entire year! The problem is that we dont know how to make sure such great energy work for us.Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters. 5． A hurricane moves at a typical speed of 15 mph.But not always.Some storms may race at twice this speed，then suddenly stop and remain in the same location for several days.It can be maddening if you live in a coastal area that may be hit.The biggest advance in early prediction is continuous watch from weather satellites.With these，we can see the storms form and track them fully，from birth to death.While they can still kill people and destroy property，hurricanes will never surprise any nation again. 參考答案 專題六　信息匹配 命題調(diào)研明晰考向 真題試做 （一） 1．E　本文主要為在公眾場合如何提出一些實(shí)用的建議。從本段最后兩句“But a breathless speaker never stops to let us think about what he or she is saying and risks confusing us.Slow it down.And breathe.”一個(gè)說話極快的人從不停歇讓我們思考他所說的話這樣只會(huì)令我們感到困惑。因此減慢語速，調(diào)整呼吸。可知選E項(xiàng)。 2．C　從本段最后一句“Instead of relying and keeping correcting yourself，work to get the facts clear and straight.”不要依賴和不斷地改正自己，要讓事實(shí)清楚明了?？芍笠鉃椋翰灰昂竺堋? 3．A　從本段后兩句 “You can arrange things from beginning to end，small to large，top to bottom or by some other order.Just be sure to organise.”可知應(yīng)該很好地組織所講內(nèi)容。 4．F　從本段首句“Repeated use of um，ah，like，you know and some other useless noises can drive an audience crazy.”重復(fù)使用一些無用的諸如um，ah，like 及其他的詞匯會(huì)使聽眾發(fā)瘋?？芍獞?yīng)該去掉不必要的詞匯。 5．D　從第一句“Many speakers finish up their speeches with questionandanswer （Q & A） sessions，but some let the Q & A go on without a clear end.”很多演講者使用問答式結(jié)束自己的內(nèi)容，但卻沒有給出明確的結(jié)束語。這常常令聽眾困惑。 （二） 1．F　根據(jù)第二句話“In fact，reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically.（事實(shí)上很早就學(xué)會(huì)閱讀與孩子學(xué)業(yè)上是否成功幾乎沒有關(guān)系）”可知本段討論的是很早就學(xué)會(huì)閱讀是否以后就會(huì)成功。 2．A　根據(jù)第一句和最后一句話“讓孩子按照自己的步伐去學(xué)習(xí)”可知討論的是何時(shí)讓孩子學(xué)習(xí)。 3．E　根據(jù)第一句話“‘全語法’和‘語音法’是讓孩子掌握閱讀的最好方法”可知討論的是教孩子閱讀的最好方法。 4．D　本段第一句說“培養(yǎng)閱讀技巧可以從小抓起”，第二句接著說“除了讀給孩子聽，還要通過做韻律詩游戲來‘訓(xùn)練耳力’”，綜合這兩句可知本段討論的是如何為孩子的閱讀展開準(zhǔn)備工作。 5．C　根據(jù)本段第二句“孩子一旦在閱讀上出現(xiàn)了困難，你就得找專家診斷”可知討論的是孩子出現(xiàn)閱讀問題，你該怎么辦的問題。 創(chuàng)新模擬預(yù)測演練 （一） 1．D　根據(jù)本段“A green building means...環(huán)保建筑的含義是．...”可知D項(xiàng)正確。 2．A　根據(jù)本段“Also，the buildings are often located....”以及“Green buildings are often built on...”可知本段介紹環(huán)保建筑的建造地點(diǎn)。 3．F　本段以“the Solaire”為例介紹環(huán)保建筑的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 4．C　根據(jù)本段“Anyhow，Holowaka said，‘Its going to take off.’”環(huán)保建筑將很快成功并受大家歡迎。 5．B　從本段“So I like....I hope...”可以看出主要陳述作者個(gè)人的態(tài)度。 （二） 1．A　從文章最后一句“You do have control，and you are the one who decides how you will face the day！”可知你自己才是決定你是否開心的人。 2．B　本段第一句話“We are never disappointed unless we have expectations.”可知我們總是失望是因?yàn)槲覀冇衅谕绻谕臀覀兙蜁?huì)開心。 3．E　本段第一句話“Dont get too wrapped up in issues involving friends or family.We are each responsible for our own lives...”不要總是卷入家人和朋友的事情中，我們自己應(yīng)該為自己的生活負(fù)責(zé)。選E項(xiàng)。 4．F　本段第一句“You might not be satisfied with your ine，but theres no point plaining about it.Improve your diploma...”“對(duì)自己收入不滿，但是自己對(duì)此埋怨是沒有意義的。提高自己的文憑……”可以看出對(duì)于無法改變的我們沒必要傷神，而應(yīng)從可以控制的方面著手。 5．D　從本段第一句“but you can see the bright side of almost every situation...”你可以看每一個(gè)情況它光明向上的一面。 （三） 1．B　根據(jù)本段“Then we are frustrated that...”可知本段是說人們往往感到不順心的事情是什么。 2．C　根據(jù)本段“The truth is，theres no better time than right now.”再也沒有比當(dāng)下更好的時(shí)間段了?？芍鸢笧镃項(xiàng)。 3．F　根據(jù)首句“One of my favorite quotes...”我最喜歡的名言。 4．A　根據(jù)最后一句“So treasure every moment that you have.”珍惜每一刻。 5．D　根據(jù)第一句“And remember that time waits for no one.”時(shí)不我待，可知選D項(xiàng)。 （四） 1．A　根據(jù)本段重點(diǎn)時(shí)間“1950,1953,1979”及相關(guān)事例，可以看出主要介紹龍卷風(fēng)命名的簡要?dú)v史。 2．F　根據(jù)本段第一句“Hurricanes and typhoons are the same things.”龍卷風(fēng)和臺(tái)風(fēng)是相同的事物。 3．D　根據(jù)本段第一句“Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its storedup energy.”龍卷風(fēng)的能源來自水蒸氣散發(fā)的聚集能量。 4．C　根據(jù)本段最后一句“Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters.”可知選C項(xiàng)。 5．E　根據(jù)本段“The biggest advance in early prediction is continuous watch from weather satellites.” 來自氣象衛(wèi)星持續(xù)的觀測已經(jīng)成為對(duì)hurricane的早期預(yù)測的巨大進(jìn)步。