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Unit1Buildingthefuture Linkingwords Grammar Passage1 TheWorldFoodProgram setupin1963 hasthreepolicies tosavelivesintimesoftroublebysendinggrainssuchasrice toimprovenutritionalstandardsandthequalityoflifeinpoorcountries tohelpdeveloptheresourcesofthesecountriesandtohelppeoplewithoutjobsbecomeindependent Howdoyoufeelwhenreadingthepassage TheWorldFoodProgram setupin1963 hasthreepolices tosavelivesintimesoftroublebysendinggrainssuchasrice toimprovenutritionalstandardsandthequalityoflifeinpoorcountries first second Passage2 tohelpdeveloptheresourcesofthesecountriesandtohelppeoplewithoutjobsbecauseindependent andthird Doyoufeelbetternowwhenreadingit Whydoyoufeelbetterwhenreadingpassage2 Becausetherearesomelinkingwordsinpassage2 first second andthird First second third finally now intheend etcaretimesequencewords whichshowtheorderofideasoractions Theyarelinkingwords Timesequencewords 時(shí)間順序關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ) Linksareneededbetweensentencestoconnecttheideasofthesentencestoeachother Withouttheselinks itiseasyforreaderstogetconfused Theselinkshelpreadersworkoutwhatisgoingtohappennextinatext Theyshowreasonsandresultsofdoingsomething Commonexpressionsthatshowcauseandeffectincludeforonething therefore so asaresult etc Causeandeffectwords 因果關(guān)系詞語(yǔ) Reporter Whydidyouorganizetheconcert Bob Well foronething Iwantedtoraisemoneyforthehungrypeople e g Itrained therforethefootballmatchwaspostponed Theyarealsoimportantlinksbetweensentencesandintroduceanideathatisincontrasttotheideamentionedbefore Commonexamplesincludehowever incontrast instead onthecontrary ontheotherhand etc Contrastingwords 對(duì)照關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ) e g Heistired letmegoinstead Manypeoplebelievethathungerisonlyaprobleminthedevelopingworld Onthecontrary itisaproblemallovertheworld Theyintroduceadditionalinformation Commonexpressionsthatshowadditionincludealso ontopof aboveall besides furthermore inaddition moreover etc Additionwords 附加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ) e g Hehasmadeuphismindtogotothecountryside andIalso Alsopresentatthemeetingarethepresidenthimselfandhiswife Thetaskisdifficult besides timepresses first second third finally now intheend Theyshowtheorderofideasoractions Filltheblankswithproperwordsfromtheboxabove Timesequencewords Doyouknowhowtoplantatree Discussthequestioninpair weneedtodigaholeandstandastickinit weneedtoputthesaplingintotheholeandtiethesaplingtothestick weneedtoputthesoilbackintheholeandwaterthearea First Second Finally foronething therefore so asaresult Theyshowreasonsandresultsofdoingsomething Reporter Whydidyouorganizetheconcert Bob Well Iwanttoraisemoneyforthehungrypeople Itrained thefootballmatchwaspostponed therefore foronething 1 Linkingwordsthatdrawaconclusion suchastoconclude onthewhole inconclusion tosumup inshort etc e g Toconclude youshouldeathealthilyandexerciseifyouwanttobefit Herearesomemorelinkingwords Mysonhasagoodjob Mydaughterhasagoodjob Inbrief mywifeandIdonothavetosupportthemfinanciallyanylonger 2 Linkingwordsthatgiveanexample suchasforexample forinstance inthis thatcase etc e g Ihavealwaysbeeninterestedinsport forinstance whenIwasatschoolIwasintheswimming running andtennisteams A There snomilkinthefridge B Inthatcase I lldrinkwaterinstead 3 Linkingwordsthatshowdifferencesorsimilarities suchaslikewise yet despite inspiteof etc e g Tomcomeshomeforlunchtwiceaweek andhissisterJanedoeslikewise Ihavegivenheralotofusefuladvice yetshehasnevertakenany Despitetheheavyrain theylefttosearchforthemissingboy Otherlinkingwords 增補(bǔ) Addition inadditionmoreoverfurthermorewhat smoreagainsimilarlyalsonextbesidesfinally 比較 Comparison inthesamewaylikewisesimilarlyequallyincomparisonjustas 轉(zhuǎn)折 Contrast bycontrastincontrastontheotherhandregardlessthougheventhoughdespitethefactthathoweverinsteadalthoughbutonthecontraryotherwisestillyetevensoforallthatinspiteofnevertheless 強(qiáng)調(diào) Emphasis certainlyaboveallindeedofcoursesurelyactuallyasamatteroffactchieflyespeciallyprimarilyundoubtedlyabsolutelymostimportant 例證 Exemplification forexampleforinstancethatisnamelysuchasinotherwordsinthiscasebywayofillustrationsay Haveatry 1 ReadthearticleonPage9 PartA thenfillinachart duringthe1970sand1980s as there fore asaresult however instead but moreover infact aslongas still 2 ReadthearticleonPage9 PartB thenfillintheblanks Answers 1 so 2 First 3 Second 4 Third 5 However 6 Foronething 1 Youshouldfullypreparebeforegoingonahike Bringenoughdrinkingwaterwithyou Youshouldfullypreparebeforegoingonahike Aboveall bringenoughdrinkingwaterwithyou 3 Rewritethefollowingsentenceswiththelinkingwords 2 Peoplethereneverplanttreesinspring Theyhavedestroyedabigpartoftheforestbycuttingdowntreesforcommercialuse Peoplethereneverplanttreesinspring Moreover theyhavedestroyedabigpartoftheforestbycuttingdowntreesforcommercialuse 3 Leonardappliedtothelocalcollegebecausethetuitionischeaper Hewouldprefertogotoschoolsomewhereclosertohome Leonardappliedtothelocalcollegebecausethetuitionischeaper Besides hewouldprefertogotoschoolsomewhereclosertohome 4 Writeapassage LivingInTheCity usingproperlinkingwordsaccordingtothechartbelow Sample Livinginacityhasadvantagesanddisadvantages Firstofall itiseasiertofindworkinacity Second therearealwaysmanychoicesofpublictransport Besides therearealotofinterestingthingstodoandplacestosee Youcaneatingoodrestaurants visitmuseums gotocinemasandgotopartswheneveryouwanttorelax However livinginacityisoftenveryexpensive Youmustfindawell paidjob otherwise youwillnotbeabletoaffordthethingsyouwilldo What smore thecityisalwayscrowded noisyanddirty Itisverydifficulttofindagoodplacewherepeoplecanenjoypeaceandfreshairasinthecountryside Homework 1 Writedownthecompositionafterclass 2 ReadthepointsonPage8andfinishC1onPage96inWorkbook 3 PreviewtheTaskpart