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2013屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)
開題報告
課題名稱 YZ16全液壓振動壓路機(jī)傳動系統(tǒng)設(shè)計
專 業(yè) 機(jī)械設(shè)計制造及其自動化
專業(yè)方向 機(jī)械制造工藝及設(shè)備
班 級 091021B2
學(xué) 號 0910211412
學(xué)生姓名 吳佳毅
指導(dǎo)教師 紀(jì)林章
教研室 機(jī)械電子工程
上海應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院
機(jī)械工程學(xué)院
2013年 9 月 28 日
13
YZ16全液壓振動壓路機(jī)傳動系統(tǒng)設(shè)計
目錄
1.綜述 2
1.1壓路機(jī)的定義 2
1.2 國內(nèi)壓實機(jī)械和壓實技術(shù)概況 2
1.3國外壓實機(jī)械和壓實技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀 4
2.課題研究的目的和意義 5
3.課題設(shè)計內(nèi)容 6
3.1課題設(shè)計內(nèi)容 6
3.1.1行走液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 6
3.1.2 振動液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 6
3.1.3轉(zhuǎn)向液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 6
3.2設(shè)計的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn) 7
4.方案論證 7
4.1行走液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 7
4.1.1 全輪驅(qū)動液壓壓路機(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 7
4.1.2 全輪驅(qū)動液壓壓路機(jī)的缺點(diǎn) 8
4.2振動液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 8
4.2.1開始液壓振動系統(tǒng) 8
4.2.2閉式液壓振動系統(tǒng) 9
4.2.3工作裝置液壓振動系統(tǒng)形式的選用 10
4.3轉(zhuǎn)向液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 10
5.進(jìn)度安排 12
6.主要參考文獻(xiàn) 12
YZ16全液壓振動壓路機(jī)傳動系統(tǒng)設(shè)計
1.綜述
1.1壓路機(jī)的定義
壓路機(jī)在工程機(jī)械中屬于道路設(shè)備的范疇,廣泛用于高等級公路、鐵路、機(jī)場跑道、大壩、體育場等大型工程項目的填方壓實作業(yè),可以碾壓沙性、半粘性及粘性土壤、路基穩(wěn)定土及瀝青混凝土路面層。全液壓振動壓路機(jī)是利用其自身的重力和振動壓實各種建筑和筑路材料。 在公路建設(shè)中,振動壓路機(jī)最適宜壓實各種非粘性土壤、碎石、碎石混合料以及各種瀝青混凝土而被廣泛應(yīng)用。
根據(jù)壓實機(jī)械的工作原理、結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、傳動形式、操作方法和用途的不同,有不同的分類方法,習(xí)慣上把壓實機(jī)械分為壓路機(jī)和夯實機(jī)兩大類: 1、壓路機(jī):按壓實原理,壓路機(jī)可分為靜作用壓路機(jī)、振動壓路機(jī)和組合式壓路機(jī)。靜作用壓路機(jī)又可分為光輪壓路機(jī)和輪胎壓路機(jī)。振動壓路機(jī)可分為手扶式振動壓路機(jī)、自行式振動壓路機(jī)、兩鋼輪串聯(lián)式振動壓路機(jī)和拖式振動壓路機(jī)。振動壓路機(jī)按振動機(jī)構(gòu)分又可分為:圓周振動;扭轉(zhuǎn)振動即振蕩;智能振動,其中包括:垂直振動、斜向振動和水平振動;復(fù)式振動即扭轉(zhuǎn)振動和軸向振動的疊加:混沌振動壓路機(jī)即主頻附近的寬頻激振。2、夯實機(jī):夯實機(jī)有蛙式打夯機(jī)、振動平板夯、振動沖擊夯和爆炸夯四種。振動平板夯又可分前行和可逆行振動平板夯兩種。振動沖擊夯又分為電動和內(nèi)燃振動沖擊夯兩種。
1.2 國內(nèi)壓實機(jī)械和壓實技術(shù)概況
建國以前,我國只有一些壓路機(jī)的修配工廠,直到1940年,大連仿制出了我國第一臺蒸汽壓路機(jī)。建國以后,上海市工程局廈門筑路機(jī)械廠(洛陽建筑機(jī)械廠前身)于1952年成功地制造了6t三輪壓路機(jī),1954年廈門筑路機(jī)械廠由上海遷往洛陽,改名為洛陽建筑機(jī)械廠,并于1957年試制成功了12/15t三輪壓路機(jī),洛陽建筑機(jī)械廠成為我國第一個生產(chǎn)壓路機(jī)的專業(yè)廠。
進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)60年代,徐州工程機(jī)械廠、上海工程機(jī)械廠和三明重型機(jī)械廠先后加入了壓路機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠行列,先后設(shè)計出6/8t、8/10t、10/12t、12/15t光輪壓路機(jī),淘汰了蒸汽壓路機(jī)。1961年,西安公路學(xué)院與西安筑路機(jī)械廠聯(lián)合開發(fā)了3t自行式振動壓路機(jī),標(biāo)志著我國自行開發(fā)設(shè)計振動壓實機(jī)械的起步。1964年,洛陽建筑機(jī)械廠設(shè)計出4.5t振動壓路機(jī)。1966年,徐州工程機(jī)械廠設(shè)計了9/16t輪胎壓路機(jī)。
20世紀(jì)70年代,交通部系統(tǒng)的德州筑路機(jī)械廠(山東公路機(jī)械廠前身)、西安筑路機(jī)械廠、四川公路機(jī)修廠和廊坊筑路機(jī)械廠也加入到壓路機(jī)的生產(chǎn)行列。1974年,洛陽建筑機(jī)械廠與長沙建筑機(jī)械研究所合作開發(fā)了10t輪胎驅(qū)動壓路機(jī)和14t拖式振動壓路機(jī)。20世紀(jì)80年代,邯鄲建筑機(jī)械廠、四平建筑機(jī)械廠、義烏建筑機(jī)械廠、長春工程機(jī)械廠、中建四局機(jī)械廠、陜西水利機(jī)械廠、常州市長江工程機(jī)械廠、江陰交通工程機(jī)械廠等都先后投產(chǎn)。洛陽建筑機(jī)械廠設(shè)計了6t、10t、12t、16t振動壓路機(jī),邯鄲建筑機(jī)械廠設(shè)計了2t振動壓路機(jī),陜西水利機(jī)械廠設(shè)計了拖式凸塊振動壓路機(jī)。
20世紀(jì)80年代中期,我國開始引進(jìn)國外壓路機(jī)制造技術(shù)。1983年洛陽建筑機(jī)械廠引進(jìn)了美國Hrster公司技術(shù),合作生產(chǎn)了6t鉸接式振動壓路機(jī);1984年徐州工程機(jī)械廠引進(jìn)瑞典Dynapac公司的CA25型輪胎驅(qū)動振動壓路機(jī)和CC21型串聯(lián)振動壓路機(jī)技術(shù);1985年溫州冶金機(jī)械廠設(shè)計了19t振動壓路機(jī);1987年洛陽建筑機(jī)械廠引進(jìn)德國Bomag公司的217DBW和141AD振動壓路機(jī)技術(shù);江麓機(jī)械廠引進(jìn)了德國Vibromax公司的W1102系列振動壓路機(jī)技術(shù)。以后,各生產(chǎn)廠家在此基礎(chǔ)上不斷開發(fā)新的產(chǎn)品,使本廠產(chǎn)品達(dá)到多品種系列化。
20世紀(jì)80年代后期,隨著基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)的發(fā)展,特別是液壓泵、馬達(dá)、振動輪用軸承、橡膠減振器的引進(jìn)生產(chǎn),使振動壓路機(jī)技術(shù)總體水平和可靠性有很大的提高,在基礎(chǔ)元件支持下,振動壓路機(jī)引進(jìn)技術(shù)不斷得到消化吸收,國內(nèi)大專院校和科研院所的科研攻關(guān),使我國自行開發(fā)和設(shè)計振動壓路機(jī)的能力有較大的提高,1990年西安公路交通大學(xué)與徐州工程機(jī)械廠共同開發(fā)了10t振蕩壓路機(jī),標(biāo)志著我國振動壓路科研和產(chǎn)品開發(fā)達(dá)到新的水平。
從1960年以來,夯實機(jī)械也處于蓬勃發(fā)展時期,1961年長沙建筑機(jī)械研究所在總結(jié)群眾發(fā)明的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了蛙式夯土機(jī);同時,廠所合作設(shè)計成功了爆炸式夯系列產(chǎn)品。20世紀(jì)70年代,長沙建筑機(jī)械研究所與制造廠合作開發(fā)了振動平板夯系列。20世紀(jì)80年代,長沙機(jī)械研究所、北京建筑機(jī)械綜合研究所、建研院建筑機(jī)械化研究所與工廠合作,先后設(shè)計了不同型號的振動沖擊夯。
目前,我國30多家工廠生產(chǎn)壓路機(jī),生產(chǎn)夯實機(jī)械的工廠多達(dá)數(shù)百家,已形成6—20t光輪壓路機(jī)、6—20t輪胎壓路機(jī)、0.5—20t振動壓路機(jī)等三大系列的壓路機(jī)的批量生產(chǎn),基本上滿足了國內(nèi)需要。
我國壓路機(jī),整體技術(shù)水平與國外相比仍有差距,主要表現(xiàn)在:產(chǎn)品型號不全、重型和超重型壓路機(jī)生產(chǎn)數(shù)量和品種仍然較少、專用壓實設(shè)備缺乏、綜合技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)和自動控制方面仍低于國外先進(jìn)水平。
1.3國外壓實機(jī)械和壓實技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀
國外壓實機(jī)械比較先進(jìn)的國家有:德國、美國、瑞典、日本、法國、英國和俄羅斯。光輪壓路機(jī)的產(chǎn)量逐年下降,目前生產(chǎn)量較大的有三輪壓路機(jī)(6—12t)、二軸串聯(lián)壓路機(jī)(2—13t)、三軸串聯(lián)壓路機(jī)(12—14t)。
光輪壓路機(jī)比較先進(jìn)的結(jié)構(gòu)是大滾輪直徑、全輪驅(qū)動、液壓傳動、液壓轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)。日本酒井公司生產(chǎn)的R1和R2型全液壓光輪三輪壓路機(jī)采用了全輪驅(qū)動鉸接轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu),是比較先進(jìn)的機(jī)種。光輪壓路機(jī)的技術(shù)簡單、維修方便、壽命長、施工工藝成熟、特別是價格便宜、因而尚有一定的市場需求。工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家,在維修高速公路的磨耗層時,二輪串聯(lián)光輪壓路機(jī)是合適的機(jī)種。
輪胎壓路機(jī)的應(yīng)用始于20世紀(jì)50年代,但直到20世紀(jì)60年代才因成功地采用輪胎集中調(diào)壓系統(tǒng),使技術(shù)日臻完善。
輪胎壓路機(jī)與光輪壓路機(jī)相比,其優(yōu)越性在于使被壓實材料有非常好的封閉性。除了適宜壓實瀝青攤鋪層,幾乎還能夠完成所有的壓實工作。自行式輪胎壓路機(jī)的機(jī)動性好,便于運(yùn)輸與工地轉(zhuǎn)移。由于20世紀(jì)70年代振動壓路機(jī)已解決了瀝青鋪裝層的壓實工藝問題,輪胎壓路機(jī)的發(fā)展余地也比較少了。但是,在修筑高等級路面時,輪胎壓路機(jī)仍是不可缺少的機(jī)種。目前世界上主要壓路機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠家都生產(chǎn)輪胎壓路機(jī)。
國外振動壓路機(jī)發(fā)展迅速,從產(chǎn)品品種、產(chǎn)量、銷售額等方面與其它壓路機(jī)相比,都占有較大的優(yōu)勢。
由于高速公路的發(fā)展,對基礎(chǔ)的承載能力需求越來越高,振動壓路機(jī)被視為較理想的、能滿足要求的壓實機(jī)械,因而從20世紀(jì)50年代初就引起了人們對振動壓路機(jī)的重視。本世紀(jì)20世紀(jì)30年代,德國最早利用振動原理壓實土壤。羅申豪森(LOSE-AUSEN)公司率先設(shè)計了一臺安裝有振動的平板壓實機(jī)的25t履帶式拖拉機(jī)。隨后生產(chǎn)出拖式振動壓路機(jī),工作質(zhì)量為4—6t。當(dāng)時,研究的主要問題是解決振動壓路機(jī)的參數(shù)選擇和振動軸軸承的壽命,瑞典壓實機(jī)械專家拉斯佛斯布德(Lars Forssblad)先生發(fā)明了撥球滾道振動機(jī)構(gòu),獲得了專利權(quán)。這個機(jī)構(gòu)解決了振動軸軸承的使用壽命問題。
20世紀(jì)50年代,歐洲各國開發(fā)了串聯(lián)式整體車架振動壓路機(jī),并逐步改型。20世紀(jì)60年代,隨著對振動壓路機(jī)的深入研究,振動軸軸承性能、減振器性能和制造工藝水平不斷提高,促使振動壓路機(jī)得到了飛速發(fā)展。此時,輪胎驅(qū)動鉸接式振動壓路機(jī)、雙鋼輪串聯(lián)式振動壓路機(jī)等產(chǎn)品相繼問世,振動壓路機(jī)形成了兩個主要系列。
20世紀(jì)70年代以后,振動壓路機(jī)家族先后出現(xiàn)了組合式、蟹形式、凸塊式、手扶式振動壓路機(jī);調(diào)頻、調(diào)幅技術(shù)、全輪驅(qū)動振動技術(shù)被廣泛應(yīng)用于振動壓路機(jī)。進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)80年代,壓實度的自動測量技術(shù)、“機(jī)—電—液”一體化技術(shù)逐漸應(yīng)用于振動壓路機(jī)上。
由于振動壓路機(jī)壓實效果好、影響深度大、生產(chǎn)率高,而且適用于各種類型土壤的壓實,因此,振動壓路機(jī)和壓實施工工藝提出了不同的要求,工程的廣泛需求,促使振動壓路機(jī)迅速發(fā)展。壓路機(jī)制造廠商已經(jīng)提供了各種形式振動壓路機(jī),基本上滿足工程的需要。
20世紀(jì)80年代初,瑞典喬戴納米克(Geodynamik AB)研究所提出了新的壓實理論,即利用土力學(xué)交變剪應(yīng)變原理,使土壤等壓實材料的顆粒重新排列而得更加密實。根據(jù)該理論,1982年德國哈姆(HAMM)公司開發(fā)出新型振動壓路機(jī),即震蕩壓路機(jī),1984年,世界首批震蕩壓路機(jī)開始銷售市場。
20世紀(jì)80年代末,日本生產(chǎn)出大噸位垂直振動壓路機(jī),其振動輪內(nèi)部采用雙軸交叉振動法,使壓路機(jī)壓實深度深、壓實效果好且低速直線行駛穩(wěn)定。20世紀(jì)50年代,國外開始生產(chǎn)爆炸夯,但不久就被淘汰了,國外生產(chǎn)的夯實機(jī)械產(chǎn)品品種較多,產(chǎn)量較大的有以下兩種:(1)振動平板夯,許多廠家都進(jìn)行系列生產(chǎn),自重60—600kg,較大型的振動平板夯都可逆行;(2)振動沖擊夯,是輕便靈活的機(jī)型,自重60—120kg。
2.課題研究的目的和意義
現(xiàn)代公路都是在原始地面基礎(chǔ)上,自下而上由自然土石方和各種混合料逐層鋪筑起來的各種結(jié)構(gòu)層。這些結(jié)構(gòu)層除了承受上層的重量載荷和車輛的流動變載荷外,還要遭受同曬、雨淋、冰雪、洪水、地震等自然氣候災(zāi)害的侵蝕與破壞。如果各層材料壓實不足,將直接導(dǎo)致道路面層出現(xiàn)沉陷、波浪、裂紋等缺陷。路基和路面的早期破壞,將降低運(yùn)輸效率、提高運(yùn)輸成本、誘發(fā)交通事故、危及行車安全、大幅增加道路養(yǎng)護(hù)成本。
隨著交通流量與大噸位車輛的與日俱增,對道路強(qiáng)度、剛度、平整度和氣候穩(wěn)定性要求越來越高。為了適應(yīng)這些要求,必須對各鋪層材料運(yùn)用重型壓實機(jī)械進(jìn)行逐層壓實以達(dá)到高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的密實度。經(jīng)過良好均勻壓實的鋪層,材料顆粒問摩擦阻力和內(nèi)聚力增大,道路強(qiáng)度、剛度和承載能力大大提高;材料內(nèi)部的空隙減少,顆粒之間結(jié)合更加緊密,能抵抗水的滲透,改善道路的水穩(wěn)定性和抗冰凍的能力;路面獲得好的平整度,車輛行駛更舒適、平穩(wěn)。工程實踐證明,將筑路材料的密實度增加1%,道路的承載能力會增加10%~15%。盡管壓實所需的費(fèi)用只占總施工預(yù)算的1%,---4%,但壓實結(jié)果對道路的使用壽命是至關(guān)重要的?。
我國公路建設(shè)正逐步采用高的壓實標(biāo)準(zhǔn),為達(dá)到這樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),國家建設(shè)部門規(guī)定,只有裝備16噸級以上重型振動壓路機(jī)的施工單位才具備參與高等級公路建設(shè)的資質(zhì)。因此,隨著每年大量高速公路的開工建設(shè),市場對于重型振動壓路機(jī)的需求量不斷增加?!壳皣a(chǎn)振動壓路機(jī)在壓實性能、可靠性、液壓傳動、電器控制等方面與國外產(chǎn)品相比還存在一定的差距,產(chǎn)品系列以中小噸位機(jī)械傳動方式為主,而性能優(yōu)良的全液壓重型振動壓路機(jī)主要依賴于進(jìn)口n,。要徹底改變這種現(xiàn)狀,就必須研制和生產(chǎn)具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的高性能重型振動壓路機(jī),既能滿足市場需求,又能為我國高等級公路建設(shè)提供現(xiàn)代化的高效壓實裝備,確保公路建設(shè)的質(zhì)量。
3.課題設(shè)計內(nèi)容
3.1課題設(shè)計內(nèi)容
3.1.1行走液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計
壓路機(jī)總體設(shè)計給出的基本參數(shù)條件下,通過計算得出液壓泵和液壓馬達(dá)的應(yīng)有排量,據(jù)此選擇合適規(guī)格的系列液壓泵、液壓馬達(dá),然后驗算所有液壓泵、液壓馬達(dá)是否能滿足整機(jī)設(shè)計的要求。
3.1.2 振動液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計
液壓振動回路是振動壓路機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)中的一個重要組成部分,其性能決定了振動壓路機(jī)的使用范圍和壓實效果。液壓振動回路中的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)為振動液壓馬達(dá),直接驅(qū)動振動軸(也是振動輪的中心軸)。壓路機(jī)作業(yè)時,振動軸帶動其上的一組偏心塊高速旋轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)生離心力,強(qiáng)迫振動對地面產(chǎn)生很大的激振沖擊力,形成沖擊壓力波,向地表內(nèi)層傳播,引起被壓層顆粒振動或產(chǎn)生共振,達(dá)到預(yù)期的壓實目的。
3.1.3轉(zhuǎn)向液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計
轉(zhuǎn)向腋下系統(tǒng)主要使用蟹行轉(zhuǎn)向液壓系統(tǒng),振動壓實機(jī)械的蟹行轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)r青路面的壓實非常重要,近幾年國內(nèi)外的振動壓路機(jī)上都已經(jīng)采用,而且取得了很好的壓實效果。
3.2設(shè)計的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)
我認(rèn)為本次設(shè)計的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)是壓路機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng),因為壓路機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)一般分為液壓驅(qū)動行走系統(tǒng)、振動系統(tǒng)和轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng),其中主要是行走和振動系統(tǒng)。許多資料對現(xiàn)代壓路機(jī)的振動系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了分析和總結(jié),而很少有針對其行走液壓系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)的。
4.方案論證
4.1行走液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計
根據(jù)前期的市場和技術(shù)調(diào)研,發(fā)現(xiàn)在道路的修筑過程中,路面以下各基礎(chǔ)層的壓實工程量是最大的。而全輪驅(qū)動液壓壓路機(jī)主要適用于道路基礎(chǔ)的壓實,不僅具有良好的壓實效果,而且相對于前后都是光輪的壓路機(jī),具備更大的驅(qū)動力,更適應(yīng)在坡道上碾壓,在未成形路面上行駛。這種振動壓路機(jī)在市場銷售量中占據(jù)了大部分的份額,具有廣泛的市場前景,自身的重量更是向著重型或超重型的方向發(fā)展。因此,本次設(shè)計選用全輪驅(qū)動液壓壓路機(jī)。
4.1.1 全輪驅(qū)動液壓壓路機(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)
壓路機(jī)的碾壓速度是根據(jù)滾動壓實工藝規(guī)范選定的。碾壓速度對土壤鋪層的壓實效果有著顯著的影響,振動壓路機(jī)尤其如此。在鋪層厚度一定時,壓路機(jī)傳遞給填方內(nèi)的能量E與碾壓遍數(shù)n和碾壓速度"之比值成正比,即E∞r(nóng)ezo。較低的碾壓速度,能使鋪層材料在壓實力的作用下有足夠的時間產(chǎn)生不可逆變形,更好地改變被壓材料的結(jié)構(gòu)。然而,碾壓速度還與生產(chǎn)率有著密切關(guān)系,因此,碾壓速度存在一個最佳值,這個最佳值就是在不降低壓實質(zhì)量的前提下,選擇盡可能高的碾壓速度,以保證壓路機(jī)有較高的生產(chǎn)率。對于不同的鋪層材料、鋪層厚度與壓實度要求,無級調(diào)速允許選用不同的碾壓速度,能較好地克服壓實質(zhì)量與生產(chǎn)效率之問的矛盾,優(yōu)化壓實過程。由于一個系統(tǒng)內(nèi)壓力的自然平衡及液壓軟管的相對柔性,使得液壓傳動的動力極易分流和長距離傳輸,這對于壓路機(jī)振動輪行走的動力傳遞很方便,從而能實現(xiàn)全輪驅(qū)動。全輪驅(qū)動不僅增加了壓路機(jī)的驅(qū)動能力,而且能增大振動壓路機(jī)的壓實能力和提高鋪筑表層的壓實質(zhì)量,還提高了驅(qū)動橋的工作可靠性。
全輪驅(qū)動充分利用了兩個車輪的附著能力,在匹配得當(dāng)?shù)臈l件下,一臺全輪驅(qū)動單輪振動壓路機(jī)的爬坡能力可以達(dá)到50%以上。在沙漠地帶壓實施工,砂性土壤的附著系數(shù)只有粘性土的50%~60%,而滾動阻力系數(shù)卻是粘性土的1.2~1.5倍,單輪驅(qū)動的振動壓路機(jī)根本不能行走。全輪驅(qū)動允許振動輪有較大的分配重量,其分配比可從單輪驅(qū)動的46.5%增加到62%。振動輪的靜線壓力和激振力相應(yīng)地增大。壓路機(jī)的全輪驅(qū)動是以其液壓傳動為條件實現(xiàn)的。由于液流的自動差速作用,能使壓路機(jī)的所有車輪實現(xiàn)驅(qū)動而不會產(chǎn)生前后輪間的循環(huán)功率損失和相對滑移。車輪滑移會搓起被碾壓材料,造成新的表面不平整。
4.1.2 全輪驅(qū)動液壓壓路機(jī)的缺點(diǎn)
全輪驅(qū)動液壓傳動系統(tǒng)的缺點(diǎn)主要表現(xiàn)在:
(1)單純的液壓系統(tǒng)不能用于低速運(yùn)行,因為液體的可壓縮性會引起壓路機(jī)的爬行,從而降低壓實工作質(zhì)量;
(2)液壓系統(tǒng)在高壓低速時的傳動效率低下,在系統(tǒng)壓力35 MPa與馬達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)速300 r/min時的總效率不足70%,大量的機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)化成熱能;
(3)液壓一機(jī)械聯(lián)合傳動使得壓路機(jī)行走傳動系統(tǒng)總傳動效率僅有60%左右,能源浪費(fèi)大,還造成了機(jī)器發(fā)熱;
(4)增加了液壓油的消耗,還容易造成環(huán)境污染;
(5)液壓油的清潔度至關(guān)重要,使得壓路機(jī)對制造與使用的條件苛刻,反而使得全液壓振動壓路機(jī)的工作可靠性大打折扣;
4.2振動液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計
4.2.1開始液壓振動系統(tǒng)
開始回路液壓系統(tǒng),如圖4.1所示?;窘M成為:齒輪泵1、電液換向閥2、齒輪馬達(dá)3、穩(wěn)壓閥4和冷卻器5.其中的穩(wěn)壓閥由減壓閥和溢流閥組成,穩(wěn)壓閥和電液換向閥集成于一體,共同組成一個振動閥單獨(dú)安裝在壓路機(jī)車架上。此系統(tǒng)僅能得到單頻率振動。電液換向閥用于改變馬達(dá)的旋轉(zhuǎn)方向,以實現(xiàn)壓路機(jī)雙振幅的變換。液壓閥的控制用壓力油是由壓路機(jī)行走液壓系統(tǒng)中的供油泵提供的。單換向閥處于中位時,閥體的四個通道相互串通,油泵即可卸荷,振動就停止。
當(dāng)壓路機(jī)起振或變換振幅時,偏心塊將產(chǎn)生很大的慣性力矩,使液壓系統(tǒng)中的附加壓力急劇增大。當(dāng)閥在開啟0.2-0.4s的瞬間,由于閥孔的開啟面積小,而在油路中造成一個壓力峰值,這一峰值壓力增大到一定程度的瞬間,溢流閥就會開啟卸載;待壓力平穩(wěn)之后溢流閥才關(guān)閉,使激振器進(jìn)入到正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),從而保護(hù)了液壓元件。
該種液壓傳動方案適宜于中等工作壓力。溢流閥的調(diào)定壓力縱使要比實際工作壓力高出2-3MPa。
圖4.1 開式液壓振動系統(tǒng)
1-齒輪泵;2-電液換向閥;3-齒輪馬達(dá);4-溢流閥;5-冷卻器
開式系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn):結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,由于系統(tǒng)本身具有油箱,因此可以發(fā)揮油箱的散熱、沉淀雜質(zhì)的作用。
4.2.2閉式液壓振動系統(tǒng)
閉式液壓振動系統(tǒng)如圖4.2所示,其基本組成為:冷卻器1、斜盤式軸向柱塞變量泵2、儲能器3、組合閥4、定量柱塞馬達(dá)5。
此系統(tǒng)是用馬達(dá)的正反轉(zhuǎn)來調(diào)節(jié)振幅,并且能很容易地得到兩種頻率,必要時還可以實現(xiàn)無級調(diào)頻。這種閉式回路的振動液壓系統(tǒng)可以選的工作壓力較大,在使用柱塞馬達(dá)時的最大工作壓力可達(dá)25Mpa,這樣就減少了液壓元件的規(guī)格尺寸。在振動壓路機(jī)停振或轉(zhuǎn)換振幅時,工作壓力常達(dá)35Mpa,也伴有瞬時沖擊壓力產(chǎn)生,但比開式回路系統(tǒng)要好得多。解決這一問題的有效方法是在液壓馬達(dá)回路中設(shè)置蓄能器,用作緩沖裝置。
圖4.2 閉式液壓振動系統(tǒng)
1-冷卻器;2-斜盤式軸向柱塞泵;3-蓄能器;4-組合閥;5-定量柱塞馬達(dá)
閉式系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn):
1、 結(jié)構(gòu)比較緊湊,泵的自吸性好,系統(tǒng)與空氣接觸的機(jī)會較少,空氣不宜滲入系統(tǒng),故傳動的平穩(wěn)性較好;
2、工作機(jī)構(gòu)的變速和換向靠調(diào)節(jié)泵或馬達(dá)的變量機(jī)構(gòu)實現(xiàn),避免了在開式系統(tǒng)換向過程中所出現(xiàn)的液壓沖擊和能量損失;
3、馬達(dá)的旋轉(zhuǎn)方向由雙向可變量的泵控制,輸出轉(zhuǎn)速可由改變泵的排量來實現(xiàn)。因此,這種系統(tǒng)可以實現(xiàn)變頻、變幅的功能;
4、 系統(tǒng)存在背壓且對稱工作,柱塞泵、馬達(dá)具有很高的容積效率。
4.2.3工作裝置液壓振動系統(tǒng)形式的選用
由于振動壓路機(jī)振動,行駛工作中正反方向工作及制動等要求,使振動壓路機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)中的泵、馬達(dá)大多采用閉式回路方式。閉式回路采用雙向變量液壓泵,通過泵的變量改變油路中油的流量和方向,實現(xiàn)振動壓路機(jī)的變速和換向,可以充分體現(xiàn)液壓傳動的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。閉式系統(tǒng)的主泵上通常帶一小排量的補(bǔ)油泵,并集成補(bǔ)油溢流閥和不郵單向閥,而沖洗冷卻閥則集成于馬達(dá)。補(bǔ)油溢流閥調(diào)定補(bǔ)油壓力,補(bǔ)油單向閥選擇補(bǔ)油方向,向主油路低壓側(cè)補(bǔ)油,以補(bǔ)償由于泵、馬達(dá)容積損失及由沖洗冷卻閥組中泄漏的流量。補(bǔ)油泵的附加功率損失比較小,僅為總傳動功率的1%-2%。
4.3轉(zhuǎn)向液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計
目前,在壓路機(jī)上都是采用了液壓傳動的鉸接式液壓轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)。與傳統(tǒng)的阿克曼式轉(zhuǎn)向比較,鉸接轉(zhuǎn)向具有轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑小、機(jī)動性好及牽引力大等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
見圖4.3,為整體車架的轉(zhuǎn)向示意圖,根據(jù)偏轉(zhuǎn)輪的不同,可分為前輪偏轉(zhuǎn)、后輪偏轉(zhuǎn)和前后輪偏轉(zhuǎn)三種結(jié)構(gòu)型式。
前輪偏轉(zhuǎn)是靜載壓路機(jī)常用的轉(zhuǎn)向方式,轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑較大,前后輪的軌跡重疊性不好,影響路面平整質(zhì)量,但駕駛員可以根據(jù)前輪的偏轉(zhuǎn)程度來估計壓路機(jī)的行車路線,符合操作習(xí)慣,有利于安全駕駛。
后輪偏轉(zhuǎn)在壓路機(jī)的設(shè)計中很少采用,對于只用前輪驅(qū)動和制動的壓路機(jī),有利于保證上坡行駛的縱向穩(wěn)定性。
圖4.3 整體車架轉(zhuǎn)向示意圖
前后輪偏轉(zhuǎn),又稱為全輪轉(zhuǎn)向。當(dāng)偏轉(zhuǎn)的方向相反時,壓路機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑最小,機(jī)動性好,同時前后輪的軌跡重合,易于保證路面質(zhì)量平整;當(dāng)偏轉(zhuǎn)的方向相同,角度相等,此時前后輪軸互相平行,并相互錯開一定的距離,此稱為“蟹行”。
但“蟹行”常用于雙鋼輪振動壓路機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)向,以提高壓實作業(yè)的貼邊性能,對于輪胎驅(qū)動光輪振動的壓路機(jī)則沒有什么實際意義。
對于偏轉(zhuǎn)輪轉(zhuǎn)向的壓路機(jī),有一個很大的缺點(diǎn),那就是偏轉(zhuǎn)輪處的車架只能設(shè)計在偏轉(zhuǎn)輪的上方,尤其是全輪轉(zhuǎn)向,整個車架都在前后輪上方。這種結(jié)構(gòu)上的缺陷,必然導(dǎo)致壓路機(jī)重心偏高,從而使壓路機(jī)行駛穩(wěn)定性差,在坡道上容易傾覆,給駕駛員帶來很大的危險。因此整體式車架偏轉(zhuǎn)輪轉(zhuǎn)向的結(jié)構(gòu)一般只用于小噸位的壓路機(jī)。
見圖4.4,為鉸接式車架轉(zhuǎn)向示意圖,采用這種轉(zhuǎn)向結(jié)構(gòu)的壓路機(jī),其車架分成前后兩部分,通過垂直的鉸接銷連接。轉(zhuǎn)向時,前后車架繞鉸接銷發(fā)生相對轉(zhuǎn)動,通過車架折腰而實現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)向。這種轉(zhuǎn)向方式轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑很小,機(jī)動性好,前后輪的軌跡重疊,利于保證路面的壓實質(zhì)量。前車架設(shè)計成框架的形式,通過減振系統(tǒng)懸掛在振動輪的四周,重心可以很低,基本上與前輪的軸心等高。由于前輪框架位于振動輪的四周,駕駛員具有良好的前視野,對于待壓路面和光輪表面的情況一目了然。后車架設(shè)計成如圖的結(jié)構(gòu)形式,位于兩輪胎之間,前部上方安裝駕駛室,中部安裝發(fā)動機(jī)、油泵和后橋總成等主要部件,后部設(shè)計成燃油箱,重心位置基本與輪胎的軸心等高,甚至更低。
圖4.4鉸接式車架轉(zhuǎn)向示意圖
通過上面的比較分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)鉸接轉(zhuǎn)向相比于偏轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向雖然存在轉(zhuǎn)向阻力偏大,直線行駛性能欠佳等缺點(diǎn),但還是具有更大的優(yōu)勢,尤其是對于重型或超重型壓路機(jī)。因此,本次設(shè)計的振動壓路機(jī)采用鉸接式車架折腰轉(zhuǎn)向的方案。
5.進(jìn)度安排
時間
內(nèi)容
2013年9月13日~9月27日
閱讀文獻(xiàn),查找資料,擬設(shè)計方案,完成開題報告等;
2013年9月28日~10月11日
擬訂各部分方案,繪制振動輪總成圖;
2013年10月12日~11月17日
翻譯外文資料, 部件設(shè)計,繪制部件圖;
2013年11月18日~12月7日
進(jìn)行關(guān)鍵元件校核,完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書;
2013年12月8日~ 12月27日
整理畢業(yè)論文,答辯;
2013年12月28日~ 1月8日
修改、提交畢業(yè)論文、設(shè)計圖紙及相關(guān)附件
6.主要參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 繼瑤.壓路機(jī)設(shè)計與應(yīng)用.北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2000
[2] Lars Forssblad.Vibratory Soil and Rock Compactions.Stockolm Sweden,1981
[3]何挺繼,朱文天,鄧世新,筑路機(jī)械手冊,北京:人民交通出版社,1997.5.
[4]徐慎初,振動壓路機(jī)的振動機(jī)構(gòu),建筑機(jī)械,2002(8).24~26。
[5]趙昱東,我國振動壓路機(jī)的新發(fā)展,建筑機(jī)械化,2002(2).6~9。
[6]聶福全,國外振動壓路機(jī)設(shè)計的發(fā)展趨勢,水利電力機(jī)械,2002(12).37~39。
[7]祁雋燕,葛恒安,振動壓路機(jī)與振動壓實的前沿技術(shù),建筑機(jī)械,2002(9).35~38。
[8]范小彬等人,新技術(shù)在振動壓路機(jī)設(shè)計開發(fā)中的應(yīng)用,情報綜述,2003(2).40~43。
[9]周萼秋,鄧愛民,李萬莉,現(xiàn)代工程機(jī)械,北京:人民交通出版社,1997.5.
[10]鄂俊太,韓志強(qiáng),林慕義,壓路機(jī)選型及壓實技術(shù),北京:人民交通出版社,1991.6.
[11]萬佩升,鄭忠敏,筑路工程機(jī)械,西安:西安公路交通大學(xué).
[12]張光裕,許純新,工程機(jī)械地盤設(shè)計,北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1988.11.
[13]鹿世敏,YDC10型串聯(lián)式雙鋼輪振蕩壓路機(jī),北京:建筑機(jī)械,1999.11.
[14]O.P.Minaev??DEVELOPMENT OF VIBRATORY METHOD FOR SOIL COMPACTION DURING CONSTRUCTION??Russia:Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engerring.vol.48..No.5. November.2011
[15]V.I.Erem’yants and M.Uraimor??Dynamics of hydraulic vibration machine for soil compaction??Russia??:Journal of Machinery Manufacture and Reliability.2009.Vol.38.No5.PP.422-430.
機(jī)械工程學(xué)院2013屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)開題交流討論記錄表
專業(yè)及方向: 機(jī)械制造工藝及設(shè)備 班級: 091021B2
學(xué)生姓名
吳佳毅
指導(dǎo)教師
紀(jì)林章
課題名稱
YZ16全液壓振動壓路機(jī)傳動系統(tǒng)
交流討論記錄:
1、 確定了畢業(yè)設(shè)計課題名稱,布置在開題期間的主要任務(wù)是先選題、查閱相關(guān)中外文獻(xiàn)、準(zhǔn)備與畢業(yè)設(shè)計有關(guān)的資料(包括原理、計算方法等),寫一份詳細(xì)的開題報告和翻譯。
2、 行走液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計選取全輪驅(qū)動,因為全輪驅(qū)動充分利用了兩個車輪的附著能力,在匹配得當(dāng)?shù)臈l件下,一臺全輪驅(qū)動單輪振動壓路機(jī)的爬坡能力可以達(dá)到50%以上。在沙漠地帶壓實施工,砂性土壤的附著系數(shù)只有粘性土的50%~60%,而滾動阻力系數(shù)卻是粘性土的1.2~1.5倍,單輪驅(qū)動的振動壓路機(jī)根本不能行走。
3、 振動液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計選擇閉式液壓振動系統(tǒng),因為閉式系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)比較緊湊,泵的自吸性好,系統(tǒng)與空氣接觸的機(jī)會較少,空氣不宜滲入系統(tǒng),故傳動的平穩(wěn)性較好;工作機(jī)構(gòu)的變速和換向靠調(diào)節(jié)泵或馬達(dá)的變量機(jī)構(gòu)實現(xiàn),避免了在開式系統(tǒng)換向過程中所出現(xiàn)的液壓沖擊和能量損失。
4、 轉(zhuǎn)向液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計選取鉸接式轉(zhuǎn)向液壓系統(tǒng),因為鉸接轉(zhuǎn)向相比于偏轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向雖然存在轉(zhuǎn)向阻力偏大,直線行駛性能欠佳等缺點(diǎn),但還是具有更大的優(yōu)勢,尤其是對于重型或超重型壓路機(jī)。
意見或結(jié)論:
基本了解開題報告內(nèi)容要求及相關(guān)進(jìn)度要求
基本了解畢業(yè)設(shè)計課題內(nèi)容及要求
班級負(fù)責(zé)教師: 紀(jì)林章
專業(yè)教研室主任: 何玉安
2013年 9 月28日
機(jī)械工程學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)開題報告指導(dǎo)教師評語表
指導(dǎo)教師評語:
吳佳毅同學(xué)在前一階段查閱了相關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)資料,對壓路機(jī)的功用、國內(nèi)外發(fā)展情況和發(fā)展方向有了初步的了解,對課題的設(shè)計內(nèi)容、重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)有了一定的認(rèn)識。開題報告中,他對壓路機(jī)傳動系統(tǒng)的各個部分進(jìn)行了一定的論述,并針對設(shè)計任務(wù)初步選定了設(shè)計方案。開題報告方案制定基本合理,具有可行性,時間安排得當(dāng),能夠按時完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計內(nèi)容,報告書寫基本規(guī)范。同意開題。
指導(dǎo)教師:紀(jì)林章
2013 年 10 月8 日
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)指導(dǎo)小組意見 :
審核人:
年 月 日
Introductionto YZ16 Vibration roller
The first section Major technique characteristic
1. Vibration and turned to the three major systems for hydraulic transmission hydraulic pumps andthree systems into one directly by the engine crankshaft output through elastic coupling-drivenpump and then by the various control components control the system of the motor or cylinder sothat all systems running.
2. Has four walking speed realize stepless speed in every document a document for 06.5km/hsecond gear for 08.6km/h third gear for 010.2km/h four 012.5km/h can guarantee the speed ofthe rollers in a variety of conditions to make the best compaction jobs and can travel at faster speeds.Vibration bearing life and z in order to improve reliability this machine uses a unique design:high-precision forced lubrication of vibrating wheel.
3. Vibration system with dual-frequency dual-site functionality can be effective compaction ofdifferent types and thickness of paving material.Z This vibration reduction of a four-level structure making the vibration mode in real time adverseeffects on the crew reduced to a minimum. Coupled with the comfortable and bright cabs equippedwith air conditioning creating an ideal working environment for drivers.
4. Has a maintenance-free Central hinged device that does not require lubrication.Z This machine is used in diesel engines hydraulic pumps motors and axle components areinternationally famous excellent products so as to ensure that the roller technology advancement andreliability.Z This machine belongs to super heavy in Chinas standard of vibratory road roller for high-gradeHighway railway airport dam terminals a high standard of subgrade engineering compactionoperations.
5. Compaction of z has a unique ability max power 56800kg good compaction effect.Z The overall opening of panels all readily available and maintenance points.Z Centralized external hydraulic pressure points making hydraulic systems testing maintenancemore convenient.Z Complete safety protection device so that operators are fully guaranteed.
The second section The overall structure
YZ16 type vibration on the roller make use of the wheel of the vibration on the road is compactedand it has sufficient ability to carry and reduces through water.
YZ16-vibration road roller hydrauliccontrol two-wheeled single steel wheel self-propelled structure. This machine vibration wheel parts and vehicle parts including two units articulated through theCenter articulated frame between them together. This machine adopts articulated steering to improveits performance and mobility. Part including drum vibratory wheel Assembly front frame Assemblyincluding scraper and other parts.
Vibration round of the eccentric shaft via elastic coupling andvibration of motor shaft is connected to supplied by a hydraulic pump vibration in pump highpressure oil to the vibration motor drives eccentric shaft rotate and generate powerful centrifugalforce. Frequency and amplitude of vibration can be adjusted by hydraulic system control to meet therequirements of different operating modes.
In addition the drum also has walking function. By thehydraulic pump high pressure oil pump output-driven vibration in hydraulic motor rotation of thewheel on the left thus driving vibration wheel driving. To reduce and even eliminate the adverse effects of vibration on driving car and driver in the firstframe after frame and vibration between wheel and cab and are equipped with a vibration reductionbetween buffer damping blocks.
Driving car parts are rollers and pressure oil supply three system power source. Engine driveand vibration and steering system control device the control room electrical system securityprotection devices are installed in the car.
The third section Hydraulic system
Road roller hydraulic system in hydraulic system contains three main subsystems the vibration ofhydraulic system hydraulic system and steering hydraulic system.
Three pumps vibration steeringthe triple combination pumping. Walking pump with a gear pump in back tax and penalties as ahydraulic system pump at the same time also provide pressure to the brake cylinder oil. II. drivinghydraulic system with a dual-motor pumps consisting of parallel closed-circuit. System operating pressures up to 40MPa. Driving pump for the variable displacement piston pumppiston driving motor for variable before it constitutes the best combination and planetary reducer.
Drive motor is also variable piston after enter the end connected to the gearbox and rear axleassemblies. Pump to control the angle of oblique to change high pressure oil flow and direction so asto change the direction of travel of the machine and speed variable piston by electromagnetic valvewith two oblique angle so that the machine has four speeds to meet the needs of different operatingconditions. III. vibration of hydraulic system of vibratory hydraulic system is made up of singlepump Dan Mada closed hydraulic circuit maximum working pressure of the system is 38MPa.Vibration pump for variable inclined plate piston pump vibration motor for quantitative inclined axispiston. By manipulating electromagnetic valve you can make the vibration of pumps swashplate withopposite two variable oblique angle so that different direction and flow of high pressure oil pumpoutput vibration motor with resulting different steering and speed to. Vibrations at different frequencies and amplitudes vibration
Four steering steering hydraulic system using open-circuit hydraulic system the system working pressure l6MPa. By steering pump, hydraulic steering gear. two steering cylinders and tubing and other components. Steering pump gear pump. Five hydraulic system of hydraulic control system and accessories also include integrated control valve block, collection block, and tanks. filters. coolers,accessories.Hydraulic brake oil of systems at the same time for the braking system provides.
The fourth section Drive system system
Drive system system is composed of driving hydraulic system rear axle Assembly. I. driving
pump, driving motor driven pump and motor function in the hydraulic system has been introduced.
Triple, vibration, steering pump through elastic coupling connection on the fly-wheel of the
engine.Hose connection for driving pumps and motors. Rear axle drive motor connections on the rear axle Assembly gear reducer, input power drive rear axle drive shaft rotation after; vibration
wheel-drive motor with planetary gear reducer constitute one connection in plum of vibratory wheel on plate Assembly, powered by the motor to the plum blossom plate Assembly, Phillips-driven plate Assembly vibration wheel rotation. In order to reduce and even eliminate the adverse effects of vibration on driving cars and drivers, plum blossom plate Assembly and connection of vibration between wheel is equipped with imported high quality damping blocks. lI. rear axle Assembly rear axle Assembly by reducer, wet multiple brakes. Central planetary reducer transmission. drive axle,wheel. wheels and other components. III. low pressure wide cross se-ction of OTR tire tire assembly tire.
Specifications for 23. 1 per cent, inflation pressure 1 . 1kgf/cm2.
The fifth section Vibration wheel assembly
Vibrating wheel assembly of vibratory wheel assembly eccentric of vibratory wheel axis,
amplitude modulation device. vibration, vibrating wheel vibration of driven motor, bearings.
vibration motors, mobile support, housings, plum flower plate. left and right connection brackets and so on.
I. vibratory wheel of vibratory wheel diameter of l600mm. width 2170mm. Vibrating wheel plate rolling body butt into its round smooth. uniform wall thickness. can ensure the vibration compaction effect uniform preferably in the pavement of compaction effect and can be used as static compacted solid. Body cavity loaded vibratory wheel bearings, eccentric axis. amplitude modulation device. This sealed Chamber containing Mobil-629 Mobil gear oil.
II. eccentric shaft eccentric shaft vibration generators, machine vibration is generated by vibrationmotor drives eccentric shaft high speed rotation. One end of the eccentric shaft and the vibrationmotor connected, change the Rotary to can change the amplitude of the vibration motor.
III. amplitude modulation device amplitude modulation device mounted on the eccentric shaft. Set role of amplitude. Location of the device by changing the amplitude modulation and amplitude
modulation block, achieve the purpose of adjusting the amplitude. Amplitude modulation device is a sealed cylindrical welded structures.
IV. damping blocks in order to mitigate the effects of vibration on the frame. the vibration between wheel and front frame with rubber vibration blocks.
V. vibration-wheel-drive motor and reducer vibration-wheel-drive motor. reducer and stand
together in front on the frame, gear box output connection on the clubs Board, powered by the motor output shaft to the gear. and then to the plum blossom plum blossom again to vibrating wheel, driving vibration wheel rotation.
VI. vibration support both ends of the eccentric shaft, walking through the vibration of the bearing on the bearing in the housing, vibration motors by supporting components supported on the right bearing seat. Vibration bearing Sweden SKF bearing or Germany FAG bearing. Walking support
The sixth section Steering system
Steering system steering with articulated steering, mainly from the steering gear pump. Hydraulic steering gear. two steering cylinders, pressure tubing and other components. Hydraulic steering system installed on the rear frame. through the Steering cylinder telescopic control of vehicle steering.
The seventh section Braking system
Braking system in order to ensure the safety of roller working and traveling, Y218C braking
systems equipped with braking, parking brake and emergency brake three.
I. driving brake brake with hydraulic brake. Hydraulic brake controlled by moving the joystick to achieve. Joystick control of control valves back into position. motor driven pump supplying driving traffic to zero. the rollers stop.
II. parking brake and emergency brake when the roller is traveling or working, rear axle and front drive reducer valve control normally closed on multiple pieces of brake is on. without braking effect.When the roller is stopped, several pieces of brake friction locking through a spring force, in a State of braking. Emergency braking is mainly hydraulic servo brake, supported by a mechanical brake.After the emergency brake buttons is pressed, driving pumps swashplate immediately return to zero and hydraulic brake; Meanwhile, gearbox and rear axle brakes also promptly produce precursor braking effect.
Note: in State of emergency shall not be used for emergency braking, especially in the fast-running state.
The eight section Frame
Center of the frame after the frame including the former frame. articulated frame in three parts.
Connecting them into a hinged support the upper structure of the machine as a whole.
I. in front of the frame by the scraper before box after box before the Assembly, Board, boards,
two side panels and other components. Its main functions are supporting vibrating wheel assembly. For the first frame structure of a typical boxes, combination of high strength steel plate, with
sufficient strength and rigidity to resist strong impact force and torque of roller working. Scraper to scrape adhesion under the soil on the drum. Scraper front-end and vibrating wheel clearance of
cylindrical surface can be adjusted.
II. after frame after frame fuel tank, protection against roll frame. hydraulic tanks. hydraulic tank supports, panels, frames and other components. Its main function is to support the engine and the cab,fixed rear axle. After the frame of the structure of a rectangular box. front and Center articulatedframe in vertical shaft and attached to the front plate, followed by the Assembly of the fuel tank, the middle is grooved steel frame. In order to ensure strength. weak parts of strengthening ribs tostrengthen, and trough steel plate with seal sealed into a box girder structure. Rear axle at the bottom plate with bolts and rear axle Assembly of rigid connection. To reduce the effects of vibration,between the engine and rear frame with elastic damping blocks, and you can easily adjust the engineto a horizontal position.
III. Centre pinned by articulated frame Center articulated frame. shafi end bezeL ball bearings and other components. Through it before and afier the frame articulated into a whole. can swing around implementation steering and from frame. Through the extension of control to the fiiel tank to control the steering angle. Machine frame allow horizontal relative swing between before and after, not more than ± 15 0 swing angle, this roller can be stable on uneven pavement and compaction work. In order to facilitate maintenance, spherical bearing lubrication radial spherical plain bearing.
The nine section Cab and control systems
Cab and cab full sealing damping control system structure. installing air-conditioning, comfortable operation reliable, stylish magnificent and mighty generous, Interior elegance and bright. And achieves the domestic advanced level. Driver indoor joysticks, steering wheels. driver seat. placement of monitor instrument in full compliance with the principles of ergonomics. Driver seat height can lift, can move back and forth, back angle can also be adjusted. To reduce and even eliminate influence of vibration. between the cab and rear frame damping device equipped with high quality, before and afier the cab is equipped with wiper.
The tenth section Electrical systems
Electrical systems including batteries, DC motor, three-phase AC generator, lighting and electrical instruments. monitoring and control instruments, safety components. sound and light alarm installations. Electrical components adopt imported famous international brands. System voltage is 24V, negative ground, lines introduce a single system. Instruments, instrument panels, lamps, and other configuration achieves the domestic advanced level.
YZ16-vibration road roller has a comprehensive safety device z equipped with roll protection
device (ROPS).
Z articulated fixed security bar: roller unloading ship or when long time reset fixed articulated
frame .
Z-start locking device when long time reset fixed articulated frame.
Z-start locking device: when the roller of the joystick is in stall or high and low frequency select switch is not in the O position could not start the engine.
Z is equipped with emergency braking device.
Z cover pieces opened automatically protection device: Dang cover pieces in manually hydraulic pump role Xia up opened Shi, security protection device can prevent cover pieces accident whereabouts, dang maintenance end to lowered cover pieces Qian, will manually hydraulic pump above of sofi axis manipulation device pull. cover pieces can in pump role Xia by oil cylinder will of pull Xia. cover pieces closed Hou will sofi axis manipulation device promoting to. (Note: lowered panels must be pulling the nexible Manipulator. )
The 11th section By the security procedures
Try not to was still vibrating. implementation is not allowed in the hard Sround vibration. on the
machine .
Z rollers are not allowed to exceed its allowed on climbing the ramp.
Z on the muddy roads. although the ramp slope is less than allowed for climbing. but when there are
no slip-proof measures, you may not use this machine.
Z solid enough. or when there is a pit in the ground, shall not use this machine. At the edge of the
ditch or slope, also shall not use this machine.
Z travel and construction should be open before and after the lamp lighting at night.
Z while working on a rainy day. in order to ensure visibility, use front and rear wiper.
Z to avoid inadvertently overtumed while working at the edge of the slope, not swerved. Z in the
rain, you should try to avoid vibration compaction jobs at the edge of the slope. Due to vibration will
increase the risk of both taxi.
Z roller in open cover parts for maintenance. security note head.
The 12th section Transport and handling safety requirements
Safety requirements for transport and handling under normal circumstances, roller not long
distance at high speed. Long distance (30 km) when moving site, need towing equipment shipment.
I. Transport whether it be road or railway transport, road roller selection must have the appropriate
volume of transport vehicles and loading capacity. Transpon, frames before and after fixed with
hinged safety Rod should be connected together. and also to take the necessary measures to prevent
the rollers sliding and rolling.
II. handling when loading and unloading roller, loading and unloading tools must have sufficient
bearing capacity. When you use a cable car loading and unloading roller, using Center articulated
frame fixtures must frrst be fixed when using large flat hook lift. to ensure that the rollers remain flat
state after lifting.
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in Zomlion