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Unit8educationalproblems TextAFableoftheLazyTeenager 1 Pre reading Doyouknowanyfables Whatarethey LionandtheMouse TheHareandtheTortoise TheFoxandtheGrapes TheShepherdBoyandtheWolf TheFoxandtheCrow TheDoveandtheAnt TheFoxandtheStork 2 PictureFableTalking Directions 1 Workingroups2 Rebuildthefablesaccordingtothepicturesandkeywords3 Selectapresenterforyourgroup4 Tellyourfabletotheclassandthemorallesson 3 PictureFableTalking 4 PictureFableTalking DrawaSnakeandAddFeettoItLonglongago severalpeoplehadajarofwineamongthemandallofthemwantedtodrinkitbyhimself Sotheysetarulethateveryonewoulddrawasnakeonthegroundandthemanwhofinishedfirstwouldhavethewine Onemanfinishedhissnakeverysoonandhewasabouttodrinkthewinewhenhesawtheotherswerestillbusydrawing sohedecidedtodrawthefeettothesnake However beforehecouldfinishthefeet anothermanfinishedandgrabbedthejarfromhim saying Whohaseverseenasnakewithfeet 5 PictureFableTalking Goingtoofarisasbadasnotgoingfarenough 6 PictureFableTalking 7 PictureFableTalking TheFoxandtheCrowOnedayacrowstoodonabranchnearhernestandfeltveryhappywiththemeatinhermouth Atthattime afoxsawthecrowwiththemeat soheswallowedandeagerlythoughtofaplantogetthemeat However whateverthefoxsaidtothecrow thecrowjustkeptsilent Untilthefoxthoughthighlyofthecrow sbeautifulvoice Iamsureyourvoiceisevenmorebeautifulthanyourfeathers saidtheFox Won tyousingasongforme QueenofBirds TheCrowwassopleasedshecouldhardlysitstill Sheliftedherheadhigh closedhereyesandopenedherbeaktosing CAW CAW C CAW W W Themeatfelltotheground rightinfrontoftheFox 8 PictureFableTalking Nevertrustaflatter 9 PictureFableTalking 10 PictureFableTalking TheMilkmaidandHerPailAmilkmaidwasgoingtothemarket Shecarriedhermilkinapailonherhead Shedreamtabouttheeggsshewouldbuywhenshesoldthemilk Theeggswillhatch thenshewillsellthechickens Withthemoneysheearned shewouldbuyfineclothesforherself I llbuyanewdress andwhenIgototheball alltheyoungmenwilldancewithme Asshespokeshetossedherheadback Thepailimmediatelyfelloffherhead andallthemilkwasspilt Thegirlwentbackwithoutanything Shefeltverysad ah mychild saidhermother Donotcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched 11 PictureFableTalking Donotcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched 12 ABriefIntroductiontoFable Thetermfablereferstoashortstoryinwhichanimalsorinanimateobjectsspeakandbehavelikehumans usuallytogiveamoralpoint ThetermcomesfromtheLatinfabula atelling ThegreatesttelleroffableswasAesop HewasbelievedtobeaGreekslavewholivedinthe6thcenturyB C AnothergreattelleroffableswasJeandeLaFontaine HewroteinFranceinthe17thcentury LaFontainebasedmanyofhisfablesonthoseofAesop 13 BR ABriefIntroductiontoFable2 Someoftheirbest knownfablesareTheLionandtheMouse TheHareandtheTortoise TheFoxandtheGrapes TheShepherdBoyandtheWolf TheFoxandtheCrow TheDoveandtheAnt andTheFoxandtheStork IntheChineselanguage someidiomscomefromfablessuchasTheFrogintheShallowWell HisSpearagainstHisShield MakingHisMark 14 TypicalfeaturesoffablesShorttalesNotbasedonfactsIntendedtogiveamorallessonNotstateddirectlybutdeducedbyreaders 15 TextAFableoftheLazyTeenager 16 PartDivision 17 Interview Supposeyouareajournalistandyourpartneristheauthorofthetext Youhaveaninterviewwithhim Theinterviewshouldcoverthefollowingpoints 1 thehappeninginthedrugstore thereasonwhytheauthorwentthere adialoguebetweenthesalesgirlandhim2 theauthor sfeelingtothehappening theproblemsAmericanteenagersarefacingsuchasignorance poorabilityofcalculationsandotherthings3 somethingaboutthesonoftheauthor sfriend4 theauthor spurposeofofferingafable Part1 18 GR QuestionsandAnswers1 QuestionsandAnswers 1 Whydidtheauthorgotothedrugstoreoneday Hewantedtobuysomefilefolders 2 Howoldwasthesalesgirl 3 Whatwasthesalesgirl sreactiontotheauthor smentalarithmetic 心算 Under20yearsold Shewasverysurprisedatit 19 GR QuestionsandAnswers2 5 Whatwastheauthor Hewasateacheratacollege 4 Didthesalesgirlbelievethattheauthordidcalculationsbymagic Whyorwhynot Yes Maybeshebelieveditbecauseshecouldneverdothat 6 WhatdidtheauthorthinkofAmericanteenagers Hethoughttheyareignorantandlackinginknowledgeofworldhistoryandgeography QuestionsandAnswers 20 GR QuestionsandAnswers3 7 Intheauthor sopinion whatwasthemostseriousproblemforAmericanteenagers 8 Whydidtheauthorgiveustheexampleofhisfriend sson 9 Accordingtotheauthor whatwouldhappeniftherewasanidle ignorantlaborforceinamodernindustrialstate Theywereindifferenttotheirignorance Hejustintendedtoshowtheseriousnessoftheproblem Therewouldbemanyproblemsinsocietysuchasplanecrashes computerjamsandbreakdownsofcars QuestionsandAnswers 21 GR QuestionsandAnswers4 10 Whatwastheauthor spurposeofofferingafable HejustwantedtomakeAmericanteenagersunderstandthedangeroftheirignoranceandintellectuallaziness QuestionsandAnswers 22 DR word t1runoutof runoutof useuporfinishasupplyof sth Toourdisappointment ourcarranoutofgashalfwayhome Whentheyranoutoffood thesoldierssetabouthuntingformore 23 DR Nomodestlyt2 1 Whatisthemeaningofthephrase suchanexperience Thephrase suchanexperience means thesalesgirl signorance Nomodestlyeducatedadultcanfailtobeupsetbysuchanexperience 2 Paraphrasethesentence Anyadultwhohasgotaverageeducationwillfeelworriedandunhappyabouttheignorancethegirlshows 24 DR word t2upset modest adj immodest Amodestlittlehouse 1 Notverylarge expensive important etc 2 Nottalkingmuchaboutyourownabilitiesorpossessions Sheisverymodestabouthersuccess 3 Ofpeople especiallywomen ortheirclothes shyaboutshowingmuchofthebody notintendedtoattractattention Amodestdress Adv Modestly Youreallymustbeverygoodatwhatyoudo IsupposeIam Katesaidmodestly 25 DR word t2upset upset vt Theyareterriblyupsetbythebreak upoftheirparents marriage 1 make sb worryorfeelunhappy beupsetby about Pattern 2 makeillinthestomach Theforeignfoodupsetme mystomach 3 knockover causingconfusion Theboyupsettheglassofmilk Herplanswereupsetbythechangeintheweather 26 DR word t2ignorant Collocation ignorant adj knowinglittleornothing Shewasignorantofherhusband sillegalactivities Otherwiseshewouldhavedoneeverythingpossibletostophim ignorantabout of在 方面無知的 Somepeopleareignorantofthefactsaboutglobalwarming 我對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)一竅不通 I mratherignorantaboutcomputer 27 DR word t3sumup sumup giveabriefsummary ofsth Myteacherwouldsumupthemainpointsofthelessonbeforeheendedtheclass AlicesummedupherChristmasholidaysinoneword Terrible 28 DR word t3accumulate1 accumulate v collect orgathertogether esp overaperiodoftime makeorbecomegreaterinquantityorsize Ihaveaccumulatedmanybooksoverthelastfewyears Dustquicklyaccumulatesifwedon tsweepourroom Collocation 積累大量資料 accumulateahugemassofdata 積累經(jīng)驗(yàn) accumulateexperience 積攢一筆財(cái)富 accumulateafortune 積聚一大批藏書 accumulateagoodlibrary 29 兩者均可指積聚大量的東西 accumulate強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)年累月地點(diǎn)滴積累 例如 DR word t3accumulate2 Throughtheyearsheaccumulatedsufficientmoneytobuyafarmwhenheretired Hesoonamassedsufficientevidencetosupporthiscase 經(jīng)過多年積攢 他有了足夠的錢在退休時(shí)買下一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng) accumulate amass CF amass指在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)積聚到大量東西 尤指為自己而積聚 例如 他不久便收集到足夠的證據(jù)來為他的案子辯護(hù) 30 DR word t3affect1 affect vt Morethansevenmillionpeoplehavebeenaffectedbythedrought 1 haveaninfluenceon 2 causefeelingsofsorrow anger love etc in sb MartinLutherKing sspeechdeeplyaffectedtheaudience 31 DR word t3affect2 Nothingyousaywillaffectmydecision 這里這三個(gè)詞都作為動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行比較 affect表示 影響 以被影響的人或物作賓語 大致可分為兩種情況 1 使 起變化 沒有好或壞的意思 2 對(duì) 發(fā)生不良影響 例如 affect effect influence CF 無論你說什么都不會(huì)影響我的決定 Thesmallamountofrainlastyearaffectedthegrowthofcrops 去年雨少影響了莊稼的生長(zhǎng) 32 DR word t3affect3 Thenewhairdoeffectedastartlingchangeinherappearance Effectn haveaneffecton用作及物動(dòng)詞表示 產(chǎn)生 招致 或 實(shí)現(xiàn) 以 改進(jìn) 變化 等類的詞作賓語 例如 這新發(fā)式使她的外貌產(chǎn)生了驚人的變化 Suchfilmshaveadangerousinfluenceonchildren Myteacherinfluencedmydecisiontostudyscience Influencen 指對(duì)行為 性格或觀點(diǎn)等產(chǎn)生潛移默化的影響v 影響可好可壞 Influencesb sth 例如 CF 33 DR word t3idle Theboyisreallyidle hejustsitsaroundthehouseallday idle adj 1 lazy 2 notworking Menareleftidlewhenmachinesbreakdown 3 ofnouse Hiswordswerejustidlethreats hecan tharmus Collocation stand lieidle閑著 Themachinerystoodidleforamonth 34 DR word t3breakdown1 breakdown Theelevatorsinthisbuildingarealwaysbreakingdown Talksbetweenthetwocountriesbrokedownwhenthetwosidesfailedtoreachanagreement 1 stopworking 2 fail 3 destroy reduceorbereducedtopieces Theybrokethedoordown 35 DR word t3breakdown2 Collocation 逃走 逃脫 breakaway 闖入 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入 打斷 插嘴 breakin 闖入 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入 breakinto 逃脫 逃出 突然發(fā)生 爆發(fā) breakout 突破 breakthrough 打碎 結(jié)束 解散 學(xué)校 開始放假 breakup 36 DR word t4drivehome drivehome make sth clearsothatpeopleunderstandit Peterwaslazy Hisparentstriedtodrivehometohimtheimportanceofhardwork Wemustdrivehometohimwherethedifficultieslie 我們必須使他徹底明白困難在哪里 drivesth home tosb Pattern 37 EachofthefollowingpicturesstandsforaKevinHanleyinacertainyear MatchthepicturewiththedescriptionandthentelltheclasshowthisKevinlives Part2 38 B D G E C F A Kevin2050 Kevin1835 Kevin1928 Kevin1945 Kevin1966 Kevin1990 Kevin2020 GR RearrangetheOrderofthePictures2 A B C D E F G 39 Kevin1835 apoorpeasantinIreland Kevin1928 asteel millworkerinPittsburgh U S A Kevin1945 asoldierfightingtheJapanesearmy Kevin1966 astudentwhostudiesallthetimesoastogetintocollegeandlawschool Kevin1990 acleanerinaJapanese ownedfactory Kevin2020 aporterinahotelforwealthyEuropeansandAsians Kevin2050 livinginaslumandsearchingthroughtrashpilesforfood HowthisKevinlives 40 DR word t6betteroff betteroff richerthanyouwerebefore morecomfortable It sobviousthatthosewhoworkhardarebetteroffthanthosewhodon t 現(xiàn)在 中國(guó)人的生活比以前強(qiáng)多了 NowadaysChinesepeoplearebetteroffthantheyusedtobe 41 DR word t7scared scared adj frightened oftenfollowedbyof to that clause Theladyhasalwaysbeenscaredofsnakes I mscaredtoflyinaplane I mscaredthatitmightcrash 42 DR word t10adequate1 adequate adj enough oftenfollowedbytoorfor Isthetransportsystemadequatetodeliverthefoodtoremoteareas 對(duì)于初學(xué)者來說 這本書也夠用了 Fortheuseofbeginners thebookisadequate HerknowledgeofEnglishwasadequateforthejob CF 43 DR word t10adequate2 enough指 能夠滿足一種欲望或需要 比較偏重?cái)?shù)量 并可放在所形容的名詞后面 例如 Arethereenoughapplesforeveryone sufficient具有與enough相同的意思 只是更為正式 并較強(qiáng)調(diào)程度 Fillintheblankswiththeadequate enoughorsufficient 1 Wehaven tgot informationfromwhichtodrawaconclusion 2 Thepianistgavean performance 3 Thereis foodforsixpeople 4 Ihopeyouwillprove tothejob sufficient adequate enough adequate CF 44 DR Kevin2020 st9 WhatcanweinferfromthefactthatthefactoryinwhichKevin2020 sfatherworksisownedbytheJapanesenottheChineseorpeoplefromothercountries Itcanbeinferredthatintheauthor sopiniontheJapanesearethesymbolofsuccessbecauseoftheirhardwork educationanddiscipline Kevin2020 sfather whoisofcourseKevin1990himself worksasacleanerinafactoryownedbytheJapanese 45 DR Themanexplainst11 1 TranslatethesentenceintoChinese 那人跟凱文解釋說 如果一個(gè)人沒有錢 教育能提供積累金融資本所必需的人力資本 2 Doyouagreewiththatman sopinion Whyorwhynot ThemanexplainstoKevinthatwhenamanhasnomoney educationcansupplythehumancapitalnecessarytostarttoacquirefinancialcapital 46 DR theyworkt12 theyworkandstudyandlearnanddisciplinethemselves Therearethreewordsof discipline inthistext Para 19 Para 20 Para 21 TellthedifferentmeaningsoftheminChinese Thefirst discipline Para 19 means 訓(xùn)練 thesecond Para 20 means 紀(jì)律 andthelastone Para 21 means 約束 47 DR word t12astonish1 astonish vt surpriseverymuch amaze Theyweregreatlyastonishedattheextraordinarybeautyofthepicture Wewereastonishedtohearthathehadpassedhisdrivingtest 這三個(gè)詞在表示 使 驚異 時(shí) 意義相近 一般以事物或人作主語 以人作主語時(shí) 一般用被動(dòng)語態(tài) 它們的主要區(qū)別在于 astonish特指不可能解釋的事發(fā)生后使人產(chǎn)生較強(qiáng)的驚異感情 astonish表示驚異的時(shí)間較surprise長(zhǎng)久 例如 CF astonish amaze surprise 48 DR word t12astonish2 Theywereastonishedat bythenewsofhisescape 他們對(duì)他逃跑的消息感到吃驚 Iwasamazedat byhercalmness amaze指帶有迷惑或贊美的驚奇 是意義很強(qiáng)的詞 例如 我對(duì)她的冷靜感到驚訝 含有 欽佩 之意 surprise著重因意外之事或特殊的事而產(chǎn)生的突然反應(yīng) 例如 Herfrankanswersurprisedhim 她坦率的回答使他感到驚訝 CF 49 DR word t12miracle miracle n anamazingorwonderfulevent esp sth thathappensunexpectedly Therewasasevereearthquakeinthatarea butbyamiracle noonewaskilledinit Theteachertoldmethatit dbeamiracleifIpassedtheexamination Itwasamiraclethatthepilotlandedtheplaneinthatsnowstorm marvel 側(cè)重異乎尋常 奇怪 從而使人好奇 miracle 一般指被認(rèn)為是人力所辦不到的奇異之事 wonder 通常指使人驚奇的事跡 人物或景觀 主要指人創(chuàng)造的奇跡 50 DR word t12faculty Forawomanof85 shestillhasallherfaculties 2 alltheteachersofauniversityorcollege Itisamyththatthefacultyofhearingisgreatlyincreasedinblindpeople faculty n 1 mentalandphysicalabilities Aftersevenyearsofstudy hesucceededinjoiningthefacultyofColumbiaUniversity 51 DR SorryPopt12 Sorry Pop Kevin1990says Ihavetostudy 1 Whydoestheboysayso Becausehisdreammakeshimknowtheimportanceofeducationandhehasmadeuphismindtostudyhard 2 Canyouimaginehisfather sreactiontotheboy sanswer 52 Usefulexpressions 53 AR UsefulExpressions1 UsefulExpressions 1 用完了 runoutof 2 一大把 ahandfulof 3 為 感到難過 beupsetby 4 私立大學(xué) aprivatecollege 5 問題的一小部分 atinysliceoftheproblem 6 對(duì) 毫不在乎 achillingindifferenceabout 7 跟 競(jìng)爭(zhēng) competewith 54 AR UsefulExpressions2 atsomepointsoon wayoflife manualwork drive home ahumblesuggestion asthestoryopens goshoppingfor 55 AR UsefulExpressions3 15 使某人入睡 putsb tosleep 16 固定工資 steadywages 17 他把希望寄托在 身上 hishopeliesin 18 比 的境遇好多了 befarbetteroffthan 19 從廢墟中站起來 risefromtheashes 20 躍入眼簾 catchone seye 56 Textanalysis 57 1 Stylestudy parallelism figureofspeechParallelismistheuseofcomponentsinasentencethataregrammaticallythesame orsimilarintheirconstruction sound meaning ormeter Thismethodaddsbalanceandrhythmtosentences givingideasasmootherflowandthuspersuasiveness becauseoftherepetitionitemploys 1 Planeswillcrash Computerswilljam Carswillbreakdown Line28 2 Heisalwayshot alwayshungry alwaysscared line54 Helivesinaslumwhere 3 thereisnoheat noplumbing noprivacy line79 58 Forexample Theneighbormaystealyourmoney yourfriendmaycheatyou yourwifemayleaveyou yoursonmayneglectyou butyourdogwillbewithyou whetheryouarerichorpoor Classwork parallelismatleast3sentences 59 AR WritingPractice1 1 2 CauseandEffectEssayWritingCauseandeffectessaysareconcernedwithwhythingshappen cause andwhathappensasaresult effect Causeandeffectisacommonmethodoforganizinganddiscussingideas Thefollowingtipscanhelpyoudraftthistypeofessay 60 AR WritingPractice1 2 Distinguishbetweencauseandeffect Todeterminecauses ask Whydidthishappen Toidentifyeffects ask Whathappenedbecauseofthis Developyourthesisstatement Stateclearlywhetheryouarediscussingcauses effects orboth Introduceyourmainidea usingtheterms cause and or effect Findandorganizesupportingdetails Backupyourthesiswithrelevantandsufficientdetailsthatareorganized Useappropriatetransitions Toblenddetailssmoothlyincauseandeffectessays usethetransitionalwordsandphrases 61 AR WritingPractice2 ASampleStamp collectingisanexcellenthobbyformanyreasons First everyone youngandold canparticipate Second itisnotexpensive Expensiveequipmentisnotnecessary Third stamp collectingcanenrichpeople sknowledgeinhistoryandgeography Finally time patienceandinterestaretheonlyrequirementsofthisfascinatingandeducationalhobby Itisprobablythemostwidespreadofallhobbies 62 AR WritingPractice3 1 SomeCommonConnectors isresponsibleforisthereasonforleadstobringsaboutcausesresultsinproducescontributesto 1 effect lungcancer cause Smoking 63 AR WritingPractice3 2 occursfromresultsfromfollowsfromisduetoisaresultof effect Lungcancer cause smoking 2 3 cause Hesmokesheavily Therefore Hence So Thus Consequently Asaresult Asaconsequence effect hegetslungcancer 64 theyareattractedbyforeignculture agoodknowledgeofEnglishwillhelpstudentsgetabetterjobwhentheygraduatefromtheuniversity AR WritingPractice4 Youarerequiredtocompletethefollowingparagraph StudentsstudyEnglishfordifferentreasons Thefirstreasonisthat studentsmayneedEnglishtoreadarticlesandtextbooksabouttheirsubjectsinEnglish Thesecondreasonisthat manystudentsstudyEnglishbecausetheyhaveto Englishispartofschoolcurriculum Anotherreasonisthat Thelastreasonispossiblythat Asaconsequence theyarestudyingEnglishhardtoknowmoreabouttheEnglish speakingpeopleandcountries 65