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北京2019中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解（五） 專(zhuān)題十八 閱讀理解 第5講北京朝陽(yáng)一模閱讀理解CD篇 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇閱讀理解中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長(zhǎng)難句。 2. 掌握閱讀理解的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇閱讀理解中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過(guò)閱讀理解高頻詞、長(zhǎng)難句等語(yǔ)料的積累, 及閱讀理解解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對(duì)各種閱讀理解題。 C篇 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 “巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊”, 在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中, 語(yǔ)料的積累至關(guān)重要。對(duì)于閱讀理解高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛(ài)的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了嗎？ 高頻詞（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的詞匯量?jī)?chǔ)備, 以教師提問(wèn)的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō) come up with 提出 invent v. 發(fā)明 n. invention consider v. 考慮 spread v. 傳播，展開(kāi) avoid v. 避免 hit v. 打擊 protect v. 保護(hù) immediately adv. 立即，立刻 adj. immediate simple adj. 簡(jiǎn)單的 長(zhǎng)難句（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的句型儲(chǔ)備, 以教師提問(wèn)的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 1. While feeling thankful to this engineer from Volvo, you may also wonder how he came up with such a great idea.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：當(dāng)我們感謝這位來(lái)自沃爾沃的工程師時(shí)，你也許也想知道他是怎樣提出這樣一個(gè)好主意的。 本句中包含了一個(gè)由how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做wonder的賓語(yǔ)。 2. In the end, he invented the three-point seat belt, which has been considered as one of the greatest inventions in history.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：最后，他發(fā)明了三點(diǎn)式安全帶，它被認(rèn)為是歷史上最偉大的發(fā)明之一。 本句為由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞three-point seat belt。 3. Seat belts also help keep your upper body away from the hard parts of the car if you stop suddenly or are hit by another car. （優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：如果你突然停車(chē)或被另一輛車(chē)重?fù)簦踩珟б材軒椭３帜愕纳仙磉h(yuǎn)離車(chē)子最堅(jiān)硬的部位。 本句話是由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，翻譯時(shí)要注意語(yǔ)序。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z(yǔ)料的積累, 沒(méi)有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。 親愛(ài)的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了多少？ 一、閱讀理解解題步驟 第一步 快速瀏覽全文，了解文章大概。 瀏覽時(shí)要注意以下句子：每段的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子，如果遇到未學(xué)或不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或不理解的句子，可以根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)，切不可停留而放慢速度。 第二步 瀏覽問(wèn)題，明確要求。 把文章后每個(gè)題目?jī)?nèi)容看明白，這樣又能輔助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，具體做題時(shí)就能對(duì)號(hào)入座，找到文章中確切表達(dá)所要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵句子。 第三步 通篇尋讀，確定段落。 也就是帶著問(wèn)題去讀，找到要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫(huà)下來(lái)，以便為下一步答題做好充分準(zhǔn)備。 第四步 逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。 把需要回答的問(wèn)題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，出題者問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)都是按照文章內(nèi)容自上到下順序設(shè)計(jì)的，根據(jù)難度先解決容易的，最后解決深層次的理解題。 第五步 復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。 全部題目做完后，必須再仔細(xì)閱讀一遍全文，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章理解，核實(shí)所選答案是否正確。 二、閱讀理解解題技巧 初中英語(yǔ)選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，猜測(cè)詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來(lái)我們將從這四種題型的定義，設(shè)題方式和解題技巧三方面進(jìn)行介紹。 題型 題型一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題 解釋 本類(lèi)試題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問(wèn)題包括詢(xún)問(wèn)人（who）、物（what）、時(shí)間（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、原因（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)（data）等。新聞、說(shuō)明文、廣告信息等常?？疾爝@些細(xì)節(jié)。 設(shè)題方式 1. Which of the following statements is true/false? 2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned? 3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…? 解題技巧 1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 2. 變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案 3. 多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案 典題精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will . A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 瀏覽題干，確定關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)為cut up potatoes with their left hand，瀏覽段落，確定關(guān)鍵句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）.“如果你是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成塊。如果你感到別扭并不讓人驚訝。”，根據(jù)句意即可推斷出正確答案，故選C。 題型 題型二：推理判斷題 解釋 推理判斷題著重考察學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力，即要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理判斷。此類(lèi)題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結(jié)局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作者的傾向、態(tài)度等。 設(shè)題方式 1. It can be inferred from the text that_____. 2. From the text we know that _____. 3. With which of the following does the author agree? 4. The passage is probably taken from a _____. 解題技巧 1. 通過(guò)文章陳述的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推斷 2. 根據(jù)文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行推斷 3. 根據(jù)作者的意圖和態(tài)度進(jìn)行推斷 典題精析 Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up. Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely. The writer talks about Syal and Perry to . A. stress the great differences between them B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C. suggest good ways of going through boredom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 根據(jù)文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行推斷 題干意為“作者談?wù)揝yal 和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。兩個(gè)段落很長(zhǎng)，我們首先要精讀段落，抓住兩個(gè)人物的態(tài)度，第一段中關(guān)鍵句為a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意為“Meera Syal說(shuō)無(wú)聊幫助她發(fā)展了她的思想”，第二段關(guān)鍵句為He became creative, because he could think freely.意為“他變得積極，因?yàn)樗軌蜃杂伤伎肌?，由這兩句關(guān)鍵句可知兩個(gè)人都認(rèn)為“無(wú)聊可以發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力，”，故選D。 題型 題型三：詞義猜測(cè)題 解釋 單詞的猜測(cè)能力是閱讀理解能力的主要組成部分，是考查對(duì)文中關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的理解。而且，所考察的詞或短語(yǔ)的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據(jù)文中語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。 設(shè)題方式 1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ______. 2. The word“…”most likely means _____. 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _____. 解題技巧 1. 通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 2. 通過(guò)同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 3. 通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義 4. 通過(guò)定義或釋義說(shuō)明來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義 5. 通過(guò)描述猜測(cè)詞義 6. 用知識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測(cè)詞義 7. 根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 典題精析 Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity. What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Slow down. B. Keep up with. C. Go beyond. D. Give rise to. 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 通過(guò)同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 瀏覽本段，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)本段中存在轉(zhuǎn)折連詞while“然而”，while后的句意為“無(wú)聊能給他們發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力的機(jī)會(huì)”，所以while之前的句意應(yīng)該與之相反，進(jìn)一步推測(cè)詞義。A意為“（使）慢下來(lái)”，B意為“跟上”，C意為“超出”，D意為“引起，導(dǎo)致”，故選A。 題型 題型四：主旨大意題 解釋 考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。 設(shè)題方式 1. 問(wèn)標(biāo)題：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _____. 2. 問(wèn)中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _____. / The passage is mostly about _____. 3. 問(wèn)目的，態(tài)度：The author wants to tell _____. / The purpose of this article is to _____. 解題技巧 1. 瀏覽文章首尾段和各段開(kāi)頭，抓住主旨段或主旨句 2. 瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨 3. 以掌握主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語(yǔ)氣及寫(xiě)作意圖 典題精析 In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers. 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨 本題考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先鎖定第二段的關(guān)鍵詞but，but之前的關(guān)鍵詞in the past和it was strange to use the left hand表明了在過(guò)去人們認(rèn)為使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的關(guān)鍵詞these days和have accepted that表明了現(xiàn)在人們接受了慣用左手的人。所以這段主要是講述了人們關(guān)于慣用左手的人的態(tài)度上的轉(zhuǎn)變。可以判定答案為Changes in opinions on left-handers.，故選D。 語(yǔ)篇精講 瀏覽問(wèn)題 （抓住題干及選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章） 題號(hào) 題干及選項(xiàng) 1 Three-point seat belts reduce chances of death or injury by at least_________.（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. 10% B. 30% C. 40% D. 50% 2 Nils Bohlin invented the three-point seat belt in order to_________.（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. take a car journey quickly B. show thanks to the engineer C. keep the pilots safe in an accident D. improve the safety for people in the cars 3 From the passage we can learn_________.（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. hips and shoulders aren’t the older children and adults’ strongest parts B. seat belts can keep your knees and feet away from the hard parts of the car C. the body has more time to slow down in an accident with the help of seat belts D. head and spinal cord injuries might be easy to see immediately and cause death 4 This passage is mainly about_________.（主旨大意題） A. how seat belts are made B. how seat belts are used C. how seat belts save lives D. how seat belts develop better 通篇尋讀 （通讀文章，根據(jù)問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)記出文章中的重點(diǎn)詞，短語(yǔ)或句子，為逐題分析做準(zhǔn)備） 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 科普環(huán)保類(lèi) 說(shuō)明文 402 7分鐘 __/4 ★★★ Few of us have heard of Nils Bohlin, but whenever we take a car journey his invention makes us safer. Found in almost every modem car, the three-point seat belt reduces our chances of death or injury (傷害）by at least 50% . While feeling thankful to this engineer from Volvo, you may also wonder how he came up with such a great idea. Having worked as a plane designer before, Nils knew clearly that the pilots were willing to put on anything to keep them safe in an accident, but to his surprise, most people in the cars just didn’t want to be uncomfortable for even a minute. To improve the safety for people in the cars, he decided to find a perfect system which should be simple, effective and convenient. In the end, he invented the three-point seat belt, which has been considered as one of the greatest inventions in history. Seat belts prevent people in the cars from serious injury in five ways. Keep people inside. People who are thrown out from a car are four times more likely to be killed than those who stay inside. Protect the strongest parts of the body. Seat belts are designed to fix your body at its strongest parts. For an older child and adult, these parts are the hips (臀部)and shoulders. Spread out the force in an accident. Seat belts spread the force of the accident over a wide area of the body. By putting less stress on one area, they can help you avoid serious injury. Seat belts also help keep your upper body away from the hard parts of the car if you stop suddenly or are hit by another car. Help the body to slow down, A quick speed causes injury. With the help of the seat belts, your body can have more time to slow down in an accident. Protect your brain and spinal cord (脊柱). Seat belts are designed to protect these two key areas of the human body. Head and spinal cord injuries may be hard to see immediately, but they can cause death. Therefore, it’s of great importance to protect these parts. It takes only a few seconds to buckle up (系好安全帶）once you get in the car, but this simple action could save your life. Why wouldn’t you? 逐題分析 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇科普環(huán)保類(lèi)的說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了three-point seat belt（三點(diǎn)式安全帶）的發(fā)明者，發(fā)明目的及用途。 1. Three-point seat belts reduce chances of death or injury by at least_________. A. 10% B. 30% C. 40% D. 50% 解析：D. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為“three-point seat belt減少了死亡或受傷的幾率至少_____?！保鶕?jù)題干關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)reduce chances of death or injury可將答案鎖定在第一段中，根據(jù)第一段中關(guān)鍵句the three-point seat belt reduces our chances of death or injury (傷害）by at least 50% .可以判定正確答案應(yīng)該為50%。 2. Nils Bohlin invented the three-point seat belt in order to_________. A. take a car journey quickly B. show thanks to the engineer C. keep the pilots safe in an accident D. improve the safety for people in the cars 解析：D. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為“Nils Bohlin發(fā)明了三點(diǎn)式安全帶為了_____?”根據(jù)題干可將答案鎖定在文章第二段中，關(guān)鍵句to improve the safety for people in the cars為不定式表目的，意為“為了提高車(chē)?yán)锶藗兊陌踩?，這正是發(fā)明three-point seat belt的目的，故選D。 3. From the passage we can learn_________. A. hips and shoulders aren’t the older children and adults’ strongest parts B. seat belts can keep your knees and feet away from the hard parts of the car C. the body has more time to slow down in an accident with the help of seat belts D. head and spinal cord injuries might be easy to see immediately and cause death 解析：C. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題需要逐項(xiàng)排除。A項(xiàng)意為“臀部和肩膀不是大孩子和成年人最強(qiáng)壯的部分?！?，根據(jù)五個(gè)方面的第二條中的關(guān)鍵句“For an older child and adult, these parts are the hips (臀部)and shoulders.”可以判定此項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)意為“安全帶能夠保持你的膝蓋和腳遠(yuǎn)離車(chē)子最堅(jiān)硬的部分。”，根據(jù)第三條中的關(guān)鍵句“Seat belts also help keep your upper body away from the hard parts of the car”可以判定此項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)意為“事故中在安全帶的幫助下身體有更多時(shí)間來(lái)放慢速度”，根據(jù)第四條中的關(guān)鍵句“With the help of the seat belts, your body can have more time to slow down in an accident.”可以判定此項(xiàng)與全文一致，為正確答案；D項(xiàng)意為“頭和脊柱傷可能很容易的立即被看到并導(dǎo)致死亡?！?，根據(jù)第五條關(guān)鍵句“Head and spinal cord injuries may be hard to see immediately”可以判定此項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。 4. This passage is mainly about_________. A. how seat belts are made B. how seat belts are used C. how seat belts save lives D. how seat belts develop better 解析：C 主旨大意題。A項(xiàng)意為“安全帶是怎樣被制作的？”；B項(xiàng)意為“安全帶是怎樣用的”；C項(xiàng)意為“安全帶是怎樣拯救生命的？”；D項(xiàng)意為“安全帶怎樣發(fā)展的更好”，根據(jù)文章五種方法的詳細(xì)介紹可知主要講的是安全帶是怎樣拯救生命的，而并沒(méi)有詳細(xì)的說(shuō)安全帶的制作方式，用法及發(fā)展。 精講筆記 （學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下, 回顧本講中積累的閱讀理解的知識(shí)和方法） 語(yǔ)篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個(gè)） 單詞 詞性及詞義 單詞的運(yùn)用（鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句） 語(yǔ)篇中的學(xué)到的方法（至少掌握2種） 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 1、2、3 推理判斷題 詞義猜測(cè)題 主旨大意題 4 能力提升 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯★ 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 hear of come up with v. 發(fā)明 v. 考慮 spread v. v. 避免 v. 打擊 v. 保護(hù) immediately adv. simple adj. 二、句子英漢互譯★★ 1. 商店應(yīng)存有最暢銷(xiāo)的貨物。 _____________________________________________. 2. 如果他用跑的，他就會(huì)及時(shí)趕到那。 ______________________________________________. 3. While feeling thankful to this engineer from Volvo, you may also wonder how he came up with such a great idea. ______________________________________________. 4. In the end, he invented the three-point seat belt, which has been considered as one of the greatest inventions in history. ______________________________________________. 5. Seat belts also help keep your upper body away from the hard parts of the car if you stop suddenly or are hit by another car. ______________________________________________. 閱讀練習(xí) 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 日常生活類(lèi) 說(shuō)明文 381 7分鐘 __/4 ★★★ Where did that number come from? Eleven and Twelve The reason behind the change in number naming is that eleven comes from the German term ainlif, which translates to “one left”. Twelve follows the same rule. It comes from twalif—“two left”. Why teen is used instead of lif for 13 through 19? There is something sadly lost in history. 911 for US Emergency (急救) Calls Early phones didn’t use phone numbers—the operator had to connect your call by hand—and this led to the need for an emergency code (信號(hào)). But later phone numbers became popular, that changed. In 1967, 911 was chosen as the nationwide emergency call because it was easy to remember and could be quickly dialed (撥) on the phone. 26.2 Miles in a Marathon (馬拉松) The story began with an ancient Greek soldier carrying message from a battlefield (戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)) in Marathon to Athens. The modern marathon was born as a flagship event in the first Olympic Games, in 1896, with a distance (距離) of about 25 miles (40 km), as long as the distance from Marathon to Athens. But race organizers for the 1908 Olympic Games in London wanted to add something special. The race began at Windsor Castle and ended at White City Stadium, with runners finishing only after passing the royal (皇室的) box. The distance was 26.2 miles (42.1 km). And since 1924 this distance has been kept in marathon. 28 Days in February Before using the Gregorian calendar that we use today, one of the first Roman calendars had only 304 days and ten months (March through December), with six months of 30 days and four of 31 days. The second king of Rome improved the old calendar. He added 50 days for January and February. To make the new months longer, he took one day from each of the 30-day months, making 56 days to divide between January and February (or 28 days each). Later January was given one more day to add up to 355 days a year, but February still had 28 days. That’s how it became the shortest month and it stayed that way ever since. 1. Which language do eleven and twelve come from?（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. English. B. German. C. French. D. Russian. 2. When was the number 911 chosen for US emergency calls?（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. In 1896. B. In 1908. C. In 1924. D. In 1967. 3. The marathon distance was made longer at London Olympic Games because ______.（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. the British was a little weak in maths B. the British didn’t like the Greek story C. the British loved the royal family very much D. the British wanted to make the race different 4. How many days were there in each month after the king improved the old calendar?（推理判斷題） A. 28, 29 or 31. B. 28, 30 or 31. C. 28, 29 or 30. D. 29, 30 or 31. 參考答案 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō) come up with 提出 invent v. 發(fā)明 consider v. 考慮 spread v. 傳播，展開(kāi) avoid v. 避免 hit v. 打擊 protect v. 保護(hù) immediately adv. 立即，立刻 simple adj. 簡(jiǎn)單的 二、句子英漢互譯。 1. A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. 2. If he runs, he will get there in time. 3. 當(dāng)我們感謝這位來(lái)自沃爾沃的工程師時(shí)，你也許也想知道他是怎樣提出這樣一個(gè)好主意的。 4. 最后，他發(fā)明了三點(diǎn)式安全帶，它被認(rèn)為是歷史上最偉大的發(fā)明之一。 5. 如果你突然停車(chē)或被另一輛車(chē)重?fù)簦踩珟б材軒椭３帜愕纳仙磉h(yuǎn)離車(chē)子最堅(jiān)硬的部位。 閱讀練習(xí) 1. B 2. D 3. D 4. A D篇 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 高頻詞 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 together adv. 在一起 pass away 去世 separately adv. 分別地 amazing adj. 令人驚異的 miss v. 錯(cuò)過(guò)，思念 special adj. 特殊的 set aside 留出 hardly adv. 幾乎不 meaningful adj. 有意義的 opp. meaningless n. meaning effect n. 效果，影響 compare v. 比較，對(duì)照 opportunity n. 機(jī)會(huì) relationship n. 關(guān)系 similarly adv. 類(lèi)似地 worth adj. 值得的 長(zhǎng)難句 1. Not eating together also has negative (消極的）effects both physically and psychologically (心理上地）.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：不和家人一起吃飯對(duì)生理方面及心理方面都有消極的影響。 本句要注意兩方面內(nèi)容：1. 本句為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)；2. 本句涉及重點(diǎn)句型：both…and…“…和…都”，可將這個(gè)句型拓展到寫(xiě)作當(dāng)中。 2. Just the opposite, children who do eat dinner with their parents five or more days a week are less likely to run away from school without reason.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：恰恰相反，每周和父母一起吃晚飯五天或超過(guò)五天的孩子們不太可能沒(méi)有理由的逃學(xué)。 本句為who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾children。 3. Then how do we eat better, not just from a nutritional perspective (營(yíng)養(yǎng)角度),but from a psychological one as well?（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：那么我們?cè)鯓映缘母?，不止是從營(yíng)養(yǎng)角度，也是從一個(gè)心理的角度？ 本句涉及句型“not…but…”，意為“不是…而是…”，同樣可以用在寫(xiě)作當(dāng)中。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z(yǔ)料的積累, 沒(méi)有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。 親愛(ài)的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了多少？ 一、閱讀理解解題步驟 第一步 快速瀏覽全文，了解文章大概。 瀏覽時(shí)要注意以下句子：每段的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子，如果遇到未學(xué)或不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或不理解的句子，可以根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)，切不可停留而放慢速度。 第二步 瀏覽問(wèn)題，明確要求。 把文章后每個(gè)題目?jī)?nèi)容看明白，這樣又能輔助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，具體做題時(shí)就能對(duì)號(hào)入座，找到文章中確切表達(dá)所要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵句子。 第三步 通篇尋讀，確定段落。 也就是帶著問(wèn)題去讀，找到要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫(huà)下來(lái)，以便為下一步答題做好充分準(zhǔn)備。 第四步 逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。 把需要回答的問(wèn)題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，出題者問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)都是按照文章內(nèi)容自上到下順序設(shè)計(jì)的，根據(jù)難度先解決容易的，最后解決深層次的理解題。 第五步 復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。 全部題目做完后，必須再仔細(xì)閱讀一遍全文，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章理解，核實(shí)所選答案是否正確。 二、閱讀理解解題技巧 初中英語(yǔ)選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，猜測(cè)詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來(lái)我們將從這四種題型的定義，設(shè)題方式和解題技巧三方面進(jìn)行介紹。 題型 題型一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題 解釋 本類(lèi)試題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問(wèn)題包括詢(xún)問(wèn)人（who）、物（what）、時(shí)間（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、原因（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)（data）等。新聞、說(shuō)明文、廣告信息等常?？疾爝@些細(xì)節(jié)。 設(shè)題方式 1. Which of the following statements is true/false? 2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned? 3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…? 解題技巧 1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 2. 變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案 3. 多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案 典題精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will . A. get hurt B. give