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Section Ⅳ　Language Points(Ⅱ) ( Lesson 2 & Lesson 3) [語(yǔ) 言 基 礎(chǔ) 自 測(cè)] Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě) 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)或首字母提示，寫(xiě)出下列單詞 1．Vietnam made an official request(請(qǐng)求)that the meeting be postponed. 2．I can say，with absolute truthfulness，that I did not injure(傷害)her. 3．His manners(禮貌)had always made her blind to his faults. 4．Parents told us that we would study from others in a modest(謙虛的) attitude. 5．Test results indicate(表明) that the calculation and analysis are right. 6．Your name is familiar to me. 7．He was dead on arrival at the nearby hospital. 8．On this account we should be more cautious on this voyage. 9．Tamara stared at him in disbelief，shaking her head. 10．Youll have to whisper or hell hear you. Ⅱ.拓展詞匯 根據(jù)詞性和漢語(yǔ)提示，寫(xiě)出下列單詞 1．indicate vt.表明；表示→indicative adj.表示的，指示的→indicator n．指示者，指示器，指示物 2．curiously adv.奇怪地；好奇地→curious adj.好奇的，想知道的→curiosity n．好奇心，求知欲 3．injure vt.傷害→injury n．傷害 4．a(chǎn)rrival n．到達(dá)，抵達(dá)→arrive v．到達(dá) 5．cautious adj.小心翼翼的，謹(jǐn)慎的→caution n．小心，謹(jǐn)慎 [尋規(guī)律、巧記憶](méi) 以(i)ous結(jié)尾的adj. 以ive結(jié)尾的adj. serious 嚴(yán)肅的 dangerous 危險(xiǎn)的 previous 先前的 creative 創(chuàng)造性的 attractive 吸引人的 active 積極的 Ⅲ.補(bǔ)全短語(yǔ) 根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全下列短語(yǔ) 1．with caution　 小心翼翼地 2．break into 闖入，破門(mén)而入；突然……起來(lái) 3．in all aspects 在各個(gè)方面 4．give...a lift 讓……搭車(chē) 5．pare...with/to... 把……與……作比較 6．drop off 讓……下車(chē)；打盹兒 7．insist on 堅(jiān)持 8．catch up with 追趕 9．stare at 凝視 10．see... off 給(某人)送行 Ⅳ.選詞填空 選用上述短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Ill have transportation problem to go to work，can you give me a lift? 2．Please call me and Ill see you off． 3．Do you want me to drop you off at this sidewalk? 4．Theres still time to catch up with them. 5．She lay back and stared at the ceiling. [尋規(guī)律、巧記憶](méi) drop＋adv./prep.→動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) break＋adv./prep.→動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) drop away 減少 drop out 退出 drop behind 落后 break down 出毛??；毀掉 break out 突然爆發(fā) break through 突破 Ⅴ.經(jīng)典句式仿寫(xiě) 背教材原句 記句式結(jié)構(gòu) 仿寫(xiě)促落實(shí) 1.When I first arrived in San Francisco，I had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things. 剛到舊金山時(shí)，有一段時(shí)間我感到很難理解某些美國(guó)人的處事方式。 have a difficult time (in) doing sth.“做某事時(shí)有段困難的時(shí)間，做某事有困難”。 他的家人目前在互相理解方面有困難。 His family are having a difficult time (in) understanding each other. 2.I was enjoying my dessert and talking to my American friend Janice at the table when I noticed people staring at us. 我和我的美國(guó)朋友賈尼絲正在餐桌前邊吃甜點(diǎn)邊聊天，突然我發(fā)現(xiàn)人們?cè)谧⒁曋覀儭? was/were doing...when...意為“正在做……這時(shí)突然……”。 我正在看神舟十一號(hào)升空，這時(shí)突然有人敲門(mén)。 I was watching Shenzhou Ⅺ fly into space when someone knocked at the door. 3.I had a similar experience the last time I visited China. 在上次訪(fǎng)問(wèn)中國(guó)時(shí)我有一次差不多的經(jīng)歷。 名詞短語(yǔ)the last time用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 上次我見(jiàn)到他時(shí)，他謹(jǐn)慎多了。 He was more cautious the last time I saw him. [核 心 要 點(diǎn) 探 究] manners n．禮貌 (教材P38)Mind Your Manners注意你的禮貌 (1)good manners 　 有禮貌 bad manners 沒(méi)禮貌 (2)manner n. 方式，方法；態(tài)度；舉止；禮貌(pl.) in a ...manner 用……的方式/態(tài)度 ①Her children all had such good manners. 她的孩子們都這樣彬彬有禮。 ②Its bad manners(manner) to stare at people. 盯著別人看不禮貌。 ③She greeted me in a friendly manner. 她很友好地和我打招呼。 [名師點(diǎn)津]　 “方式，方法”的不同 manner作“方式，方法”講時(shí)只有單數(shù)形式，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示復(fù)數(shù)形式的“方式，方法”用ways，通常不說(shuō)these manners，而說(shuō)these ways?！坝眠@種方式”可以用in this way/in this manner/by this means/with this method來(lái)表示。 request n．請(qǐng)求；要求 (教材P39)to make a request to someone you dont know very well 向一個(gè)你不是很熟悉的人作出請(qǐng)求 (1)make a request for...　　 請(qǐng)求/要求…… at ones request/at the request of sb. 應(yīng)某人的要求 (2)request vt. 請(qǐng)求，要求 request sth.of/from sb. 要求某人某事 request sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事 request that sb.(should) do sth. 要求某人做某事(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣) It is requested that...(should)do sth. 據(jù)要求…… ①We should make a request for help. 我們應(yīng)該請(qǐng)求支援。 ②He came to help me at my request. 他應(yīng)我的請(qǐng)求前來(lái)幫忙。 ③I made a request that the students (should)be prepared(prepare)for the exam. 我要求學(xué)生對(duì)考試做好準(zhǔn)備。 ④We have requested that the work (should)be finished(finish) at once. 我們要求立刻完成這項(xiàng)工作。 [名師點(diǎn)津]　 request用作名詞后跟同位語(yǔ)從句和用作動(dòng)詞后跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。 drop off讓……下車(chē)；把……放下；順便把……送至某處；打盹兒；(水平)下降，(數(shù)量)減少 (教材P39)Do you think you could drop me off at the mailbox? 您能讓我在郵箱附近下車(chē)嗎？ 　寫(xiě)出下列句中drop off的含義 ①She usually drops the kids off at school on her way to work. 讓……下車(chē) ②She dropped off during the English class. 打盹 ③Traffic in the town has dropped off since the bypass(旁道) opened. 減少 drop back 　　　　　 落后 drop behind 落后；落在……后面 drop in (on sb.) 拜訪(fǎng)(某人) drop out (of sth.) 不再參加，退出；輟學(xué) ④He has dropped out of active politics. 他已不再積極參政了。 ⑤The Smiths dropped in on some old friends on their vacation trip to New York. 史密斯一家去紐約度假時(shí)順道拜訪(fǎng)了一些老朋友。 [語(yǔ)境助記](méi)　 A student of mine dropped out of school because he dropped behind other students.When the storm dropped away，I took a bus to drop in on him，but on the way I dropped off. 我的一個(gè)學(xué)生因?yàn)槁浜笃渌瑢W(xué)輟學(xué)了。當(dāng)風(fēng)暴減弱時(shí)，我乘公共汽車(chē)去拜訪(fǎng)他，但在路上我打盹了。 familiar adj.熟悉的，常見(jiàn)的 (教材P40)Jin Li found the American way of life familiar soon after her arrival in the USA. 金麗到美國(guó)后不久，她覺(jué)得美國(guó)的生活方式很熟悉。 sb.be familiar with sth. 某人對(duì)某物熟悉；某人通曉某物 sth.be familiar to sb. 某物為某人所熟悉 ①I(mǎi) was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice instantly I picked up the phone. 我對(duì)他是如此的熟悉以至于我一拿起電話(huà)就聽(tīng)出了他的聲音。 ②This word was not familiar to the people some decades ago. 這個(gè)詞對(duì)幾十年前的人來(lái)說(shuō)并不熟悉。 [名師點(diǎn)津]　 (1)be familiar with意思為“對(duì)……熟悉的；對(duì)……知曉的”，其主語(yǔ)通常是指“人”的名詞或代詞，with后的賓語(yǔ)是主語(yǔ)所知曉的事物。 (2)be familiar to意思為“為某人所熟悉的”，其主語(yǔ)通常是人們所知曉的事物，to后的賓語(yǔ)常是指“人”的名詞或代詞。 (教材P40)When I first arrived in San Francisco，I had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things. 剛到舊金山時(shí)，有一段時(shí)間我感到很難理解某些美國(guó)人的處事方式。 【要點(diǎn)提煉】　句中have a difficult time (in)doing sth.表示“做某事時(shí)有段困難的時(shí)間，做某事有困難”。 (1)“做某事有困難”的表達(dá)方式： have a hard/difficult time (in)doing sth. have difficulty/trouble (in) doing/with sth. have a problem/problems (in) doing/with sth. (2)waste time (in)doing sth.　　 浪費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事 spend time (in)doing sth. 花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事 have a good time (in) doing sth. 做某事愉快 ①I(mǎi) have some difficulty (in)talking with the foreigner. 我與這位外國(guó)人交談?dòng)行├щy。 ②Little Frank wasted a lot of time playing in the woods. 小弗蘭克浪費(fèi)了很多時(shí)間在樹(shù)林中玩。 ③Mary had difficulty/trouble with her work for the examinations，but her teacher pulled her through. 瑪麗在準(zhǔn)備考試中遇到了困難，但她的老師幫她渡過(guò)了難關(guān)。 ④You cant imagine the difficulty/trouble we had getting (get) in touch with him. 你無(wú)法想象我們與他取得聯(lián)系有多困難。 [名師點(diǎn)津]　 (1)difficulty/trouble前可以用great，much，little，no等詞修飾。 (2)在考查句型have difficulty/trouble (in)doing sth.時(shí)，常把difficulty/trouble提前作為主句中的先行詞，并省略介詞in，定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)成為have doing形式。 cautious adj.小心翼翼的，謹(jǐn)慎的 (教材P40)Ive always been outgoing but since an embarrassing experience in a New York restaurant Ive been much more cautious. 我一直是一個(gè)外向的人，但是自從在紐約的一家飯店有過(guò)一次尷尬的經(jīng)歷后，我就比較小心了。 (1)be cautious of/about/with sth. 　　　　　 對(duì)……謹(jǐn)慎的，小心的 be cautious not to do sth. 小心不做某事 (2)cautiously adv. 謹(jǐn)慎地；小心地 (3)caution n. 小心，謹(jǐn)慎 with caution 小心翼翼地 ①He drove his car with caution. 他小心翼翼地駕車(chē)。 ②She is very cautious of hurting his feelings. 她小心翼翼的，以免傷害他的感情。 ③The nurse was told that the patient needed to be treated cautiously(caution)． 護(hù)士被告知這個(gè)病人需要謹(jǐn)慎地對(duì)待。 (教材P40)I was enjoying my dessert and talking to my American friend Janice at the table when I noticed people staring at us. 我和我的美國(guó)朋友詹尼斯正在餐桌前邊吃甜點(diǎn)邊聊天，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)人們?cè)谧⒁曋覀儭? (1)【要點(diǎn)提煉】　when在此處為并列連詞，意為“這時(shí)”，相當(dāng)于and then，and just then或and at that time。 when意為“這時(shí)”時(shí)常用的四個(gè)句型： (1)sb.was doing...when... 　　　　　　　 某人正在做……這時(shí)…… (2)sb.was about to do...when... 某人即將做……這時(shí)…… (3)sb.had just done...when... 某人剛做完……這時(shí)…… (4)sb.be on the point of doing...when... 某人正要做……這時(shí)…… ①I(mǎi) was about to go out when he called on me. 當(dāng)他來(lái)造訪(fǎng)時(shí)我正要外出。 ②I had just finished(finish) my homework when my mother asked me to play the piano. 我剛剛做完作業(yè)媽媽就讓我練琴。 ③I was on the point of leaving(leave) office when a student came in. 我剛要離開(kāi)辦公室，這時(shí)一個(gè)學(xué)生進(jìn)來(lái)了。 (2)stare vi.盯著看，凝視 stare at sb./sth. 盯著某人/某物；凝視 stare into the sky/distance 凝視天空/遠(yuǎn)方 ④The little child stared at the toys in the shopwindow. 那個(gè)小孩盯著商店櫥窗里的玩具。 [明辨異同]　stare at/gaze at/glare at/glance at stare at 意為“盯，凝視”，指出于好奇、驚訝等原因長(zhǎng)時(shí)間睜大眼直接注視，常含粗魯無(wú)禮之意 gaze at 意為“凝視”，語(yǔ)義較stare輕，指出于好奇或驚訝而深情地長(zhǎng)時(shí)間看 glare at 指“怒目而視”，出于氣憤或敵意 glance at 意為“一瞥”，指匆忙中迅速看一眼 　用stare at/gaze at/glare at/glance at的適當(dāng)形式填空 ⑤She glanced at her watch and left. ⑥He glared at me like a bull at a red rag. ⑦Raise your head and gaze at the stars，and you will find something romantic going on in the sky. ⑧Its impolite to stare at a girl. whisper vi.& vt.低語(yǔ)，耳語(yǔ)n.[C]低語(yǔ) (教材P40)I whispered for the rest of the evening. 那天晚上其余的時(shí)間，我一直小聲說(shuō)話(huà)。 (1)in a whisper/in whispers　　 小聲地，低聲地 (2)whisper(sth.)to sb. 向某人低語(yǔ)(某事) whisper sth.in ones ear 在某人耳旁小聲說(shuō)某事 It is/was whispered that... 據(jù)傳聞…… ①They sat at the back of the room，talking in a whisper/in whispers. 他們坐在房間的后面低聲談話(huà)。 ②In order not to let the others hear what he said，he whispered the news to me. 為了不讓他人聽(tīng)到他說(shuō)的，他低聲把消息告訴我。 ③It is whispered(whisper)that he is heavily in debt. 據(jù)傳聞他負(fù)債累累。 [語(yǔ)境助記](méi)　 I saw Jenny and Helen talking to each other in a whisper.Suddenly Jenny leaned and whispered something in Helens ear.I wanted to know what they were whispering about.I whispered to Mary that I would sneak close to find it out. 我看到珍妮和海倫在低聲談話(huà)。突然，珍妮探身在海倫耳邊說(shuō)了點(diǎn)兒什么。我很好奇她們?cè)卩止拘┦裁?。于是我小聲?duì)瑪麗說(shuō)，我要悄悄走過(guò)去搞清楚。 see...off給(某人)送行 (教材P40)He insisted on walking me to the station to see me off. 他堅(jiān)持陪我走到車(chē)站為我送行。 see sb.out　　　 送某人到門(mén)口 see through 看穿，識(shí)破 seeing that... 既然；由于，鑒于 see to 負(fù)責(zé)，留意，照料 see to it that... 使保證，務(wù)必使 ①Will you see to the plants while Im away? 我不在的時(shí)候請(qǐng)你幫我照料這些植物好嗎？ ②Frankly speaking，they have already seen through you! 坦白地說(shuō)，他們已經(jīng)看透你了！ ③Can he see to it that hell make it? 他保證能按時(shí)到達(dá)嗎？ break into闖入，破門(mén)而入；突然……起來(lái) (教材P41)The burglar broke into the house and Nancy saw him. 小偷闖入房子而且南茜看見(jiàn)他了。 break away from　 離開(kāi)；脫離 break down 打破；毀掉；出毛病；(身體)垮了；慟哭；分解 break out 突然爆發(fā) break up 拆散；分解；分裂；崩潰 break through 突圍；突破 ①The report said that a war will break out. 報(bào)道說(shuō)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)將會(huì)爆發(fā)。 ②The old ship started to break up because of the storm. 由于風(fēng)暴，這艘舊船開(kāi)始解體。 ③We hope to break through soon in the fight against AIDS. 我們希望在與艾滋病的斗爭(zhēng)中很快有所突破。 injure vt.傷害 (教材P41)Parents think their children may get injured and they wont let them play in the street. 父母認(rèn)為他們的孩子可能會(huì)受傷，不讓他們?cè)诮稚贤嫠！? (1)injured adj.　 受傷的；(感情等)被傷害的 the injured 受傷者(指一類(lèi)人) (2)injury n. 傷害，損害 do an injury to sb.＝do sb.an injury 對(duì)某人造成傷害 ①The injured were taken to a nearby hospital by an ambulance. 救護(hù)車(chē)把傷者送到了附近的一所醫(yī)院。 ②Smoking does an injury(injure)to health. 吸煙有害身體健康。 [易混辨析]　injure/harm/wound/hurt injure 一般指由于意外或事故造成損傷 harm 表示對(duì)身體、物質(zhì)或精神上的嚴(yán)重?fù)p害，常指?jìng)θ说娜怏w，損壞東西以及損害健康、品質(zhì)、事業(yè)等 wound 主要用于肉體上的“創(chuàng)傷”，一般指嚴(yán)重的外傷，主要指在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受槍彈傷害 hurt 普通用語(yǔ)，在口語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)。主要指有生命的東西“受傷”。既可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神上、感情上的傷害 　用injure/harm/wound/hurt的適當(dāng)形式填空 ③He was seriously injured in the traffic accident. ④It wouldnt do him any harm to work a bit harder. ⑤A soldier was wounded in the fight. ⑥Mary said that she was hurt by your words. [隨 堂 效 果 落 實(shí)] Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．In the following(follow) years，he worked even harder. 2．I had just lain down when the telephone rang. 3．Children should be brought up to have good manners(manner)． 4．Maybe you could give me a lift home. 5．We request the conference (should) be held(hold) next Friday. 6．These are the rules that are familiar to everyone. 7．I have a hard time paying(pay) attention in school. 8．You should be cautious(caution) when you cross the street. 9．He stood in the doorway，staring(stare) at Doctor Winter. 10．Ambulances took the injured(injure) to a nearby hospital. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．He is familiar to three languages. to→with 2．Upon his arrive at the office，he realized that he had left his cellphone at home. arrive→arrival 3．To find out the exact information，he was cautious to making a choice. 第二個(gè)to→of/about 4．Please see to it the door is locked. it后加that 5．In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message hiding within the work. hiding→hidden Ⅲ.完成句子 1．當(dāng)我正沿著河邊走時(shí)，突然聽(tīng)到一個(gè)溺水兒童的呼救。 I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy crying for help. 2．我正要出門(mén)時(shí)，一位不速之客來(lái)訪(fǎng)了。 I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came. 3．下次再來(lái)時(shí)帶您的妻子一起來(lái)。 Next time you e，please bring your wife along. 4．那人費(fèi)了很大勁才把幾只打架的狗分開(kāi)。 The man had a difficult time pulling those fighting dogs apart. 5．我對(duì)你的唯一請(qǐng)求就是你要早點(diǎn)到那里。 All I request of you is that you should be there early． [語(yǔ) 法 專(zhuān) 項(xiàng) 突 破] 現(xiàn)在分詞 [自主領(lǐng)悟] 先觀(guān)察原句 后自主感悟 ①What did I learn about Chinese customs from my exciting exchange to China？ ②What he did was amazing. ③Last time，when I visited China，we saw the tour guide wearing a very pretty fur coat on the day we left. ④They didnt seem to hear me saying “No，thank you” in my poor spoken Chinese. ⑤I told her the coat swited her，but she looked very embarassed，saying that it was a cheap one she had bought a long time ago. 五句中都有一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞，且其作用各不相同：句①exciting作定語(yǔ)，句②amazing作表語(yǔ)，句③的wearing和句④的saying作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，句⑤saying作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 [精要點(diǎn)撥] 現(xiàn)在分詞由動(dòng)詞加ing形式構(gòu)成，是分詞的一種，在句子里面不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)，但能充當(dāng)其他的一些成分，如定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。 一、現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成形式 形式 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng) 用法 意義 一般式 doing being done 指分詞的動(dòng)作和句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生 表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行，或既表主動(dòng)又表進(jìn)行 完成式 having done having been done 指分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前 We walked along the river bank，talking and laughing. 我們沿河岸有說(shuō)有笑地走著。 Not reading carefully，he wouldnt find many things he had not known before. 不認(rèn)真讀書(shū)，他就不會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)許多以前不知道的東西。 Having finished all the work，they had a good rest. 結(jié)束了所有的工作后，他們好好地休息了一下。 The question being discussed is of great importance. 正在被討論的這個(gè)問(wèn)題非常重要。 Having been given such a good chance，how could she let it slip away? 既然得到了這么好的機(jī)會(huì)，她怎么能讓它溜走呢？ Not having been cleaned for years，the windows looked very dirty. 由于多年沒(méi)有擦過(guò)，窗子看上去很臟。 [溫馨提示]　 現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式是在v.ing前面加not，如not doing；not being done；not having done；not having been done。 [即時(shí)演練1]　用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空 ①Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it being performed(perform) live is quite another. ②Having spent(spend) nearly all our money，we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel. ③Not knowing(know) which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice. 二、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能 1．現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ) 現(xiàn)在分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可由連詞while或when引導(dǎo)。 Hearing the news，they got excited.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)) 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他們很激動(dòng)。 Having been bitten by a snake，she was frightened at it.(原因狀語(yǔ)) 因?yàn)樵簧咭н^(guò)，所以她很怕蛇。 The cup dropped to the ground，breaking into pieces.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)) 杯子掉到地上，摔成了碎片。 Taking (＝If you take) the path that leads out of the town，you will e to a dense wood.(條件狀語(yǔ))如果你沿著通向郊外的路前進(jìn)，就會(huì)走入一片密林中。 Having failed(＝Although he had failed)many times，he didnt lose heart.(讓步狀語(yǔ)) 雖然屢次失敗，但他沒(méi)有灰心喪氣。 I stood by the door，not daring to say a word.(伴隨狀語(yǔ)) 我站在門(mén)旁，不敢說(shuō)一句話(huà)。 [溫馨提示]　 (1)現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常常表示自然而然的結(jié)果，充當(dāng)結(jié)果的現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)有時(shí)并不是句子的主語(yǔ)，而是句子的內(nèi)容或部分內(nèi)容。 (2)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)多強(qiáng)調(diào)意料之中或自然而然的結(jié)果。不定式作狀語(yǔ)表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，常與only或just連用。 A lot of good land has gone with them，leaving only sand. 許多好的土地隨之消失了，留下來(lái)的只是沙子。 He hurried to the school，only to find nobody was there. 他匆匆忙忙趕到學(xué)校，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)空無(wú)一人。 [即時(shí)演練2]　句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ①After he had turned off the TV，he began to do his homework. →Having turned off the TV，he began to do his homework. ②Because she hadnt received his reply，she decided to make a call to him. →Not having received his reply，she decided to make a call to him. ③The car was held up by the storm and caused the delay. →The car was held up by the storm，causing the delay． 2．現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ) 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。 The students running along the street are from No.3 Middle School. 沿著街跑步的學(xué)生來(lái)自于第三中學(xué)。 He brought us surprising news. 他給我們帶來(lái)了驚人的消息。 Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise. →Tell the boys who are playing over there not to make any noise. 叫那些在那兒玩的男孩別制造噪音。 The temple standing on top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty. →The temple which stands on top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty. 山頂上的那座寺廟建于明朝。 [名師點(diǎn)津]　 分詞作定語(yǔ)的位置及用法 “定分”位置有兩條，詞前詞后定分曉。 單個(gè)分詞在詞前，有時(shí)此規(guī)有顛倒。 分詞短語(yǔ)在詞后，“定從”和它互對(duì)照。 “現(xiàn)分”動(dòng)作進(jìn)行時(shí)，“過(guò)分”動(dòng)作完成了。 (注：“定分”：作定語(yǔ)的分詞；“定從”：定語(yǔ)從句；“現(xiàn)分”：現(xiàn)在分詞；“過(guò)分”：過(guò)去分詞) [即時(shí)演練3]　句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ①The students working in the country will be back tomorrow. →The students who are working in the country will be back tomorrow. ②The building being built now will be our library. →The building that/which is being built now will be our library. ③The workers who are building the houses are from the countryside. →The workers building the houses are from the countryside. 3．現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ) 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)多表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征。 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的有：exciting，interesting，disappointing，discouraging，encouraging，puzzling，missing，surprising，confusing，amusing，charming，astonishing，shocking，inviting等，這些現(xiàn)在分詞幾乎已經(jīng)變成了形容詞，常用very修飾。 Travelling is interesting. 旅行是有趣的。 The argument is very convincing. 這個(gè)論點(diǎn)很令人信服。 [即時(shí)演練4]　用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①The news was disappointing(disappoint)． ②This story is very moving(move)． ③Your achievements are inspiring(inspire)． 4．現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 在感官動(dòng)詞及詞組(see，hear，watch，feel，notice，observe，keep，find，listen to，look at等)和使役動(dòng)詞(have，get，leave，set等)的賓語(yǔ)后面經(jīng)常使用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即賓語(yǔ)是現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。 I saw him playing basketball just now. 我剛剛還看見(jiàn)他在打籃球呢。 Dont have the students studying all day. 不要讓學(xué)生整天學(xué)習(xí)。 He left，leaving me doing all the rest work. 他走了，留下我一個(gè)人去做剩余的所有工作。 Its wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你讓機(jī)器一直開(kāi)著是不對(duì)的。 三、現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) 如果作狀語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)不一致，分詞就要帶上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，形成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由兩部分組成：一部分是名詞或代詞，起著邏輯主語(yǔ)的作用；另一部分除現(xiàn)在分詞外，還包括形容詞、副詞、過(guò)去分詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等，表示其邏輯主語(yǔ)(名詞或代詞)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)或狀況。另外，多數(shù)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)還可以用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示。 The shower being over，we continued to march. 陣雨停了，我們繼續(xù)前行。 He rushed into the room，his face covered with sweat. 他沖進(jìn)了房間，滿(mǎn)臉大汗。 The teachers came in with many students following them. 老師們走了進(jìn)來(lái)，后面跟著很多學(xué)生。 [溫馨提示]　 (1)含有現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立成分，如generally speaking，judging from/by，considering，supposing，taking sth.into consideration等，其形式不受上下文的影響，也不需要考慮其邏輯主語(yǔ)同句子主語(yǔ)是否一致的問(wèn)題。 Generally speaking，boys are more interested in such games than girls. 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，男孩比女孩更喜歡這樣的游戲。 Judging from his expression，he was satisfied with our performance. 從他的表情來(lái)看，他對(duì)我們的演出感到滿(mǎn)意。 (2)句型there be有時(shí)也有獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)形式。如：There being no buses，we had to walk home. 因?yàn)闆](méi)有公共汽車(chē)了，我們不得不步行回家。 [即時(shí)演練5]　完成句子 ①一般說(shuō)來(lái)，女孩比男孩更擅長(zhǎng)學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言。 Generally speaking，girls are better at language learning than boys. ②時(shí)間允許，我就去看你。 Time permitting，Ill go to see you. ③他的作業(yè)尚未完成，這個(gè)男孩就出去玩了。 His homework not having been done，the boy went out to play. [應(yīng)用落實(shí)] Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，making(make) air conditioning unnecessary. 2．Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using(use)the sun and the stars. 3．When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，wondering(wonder) whether to stay or leave. 4．Not knowing(know) her address，I cant visit her personally. 5．Having seen(see) the film before，Ill stay at home to do some reading. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．This winter the weather of the south is quite disappointed. disappointed→disappointing 2．The car repaired now in the garage was made in Germany thirty years ago. repaired前加being 3．The building is facing east is our biology laboratory. 去掉第一個(gè)is 4．She went back home，and dropped herself on the couch，felt depressed about her failure in business. felt→feeling 5．Having told many times，the naughty boy made the same mistake. Having后加been