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Unit 8 Adventure單元綜合檢測 Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分) A Exactly a decade has passed since a man called Oxygen first threw himself across America.Known for his jumping ability，Oxygen，a Czech，who jumped a nearly 10footwide abyss (深淵)．Today，Petr Kops，21，is wearing Oxygens pants．“I did not know Oxygen personally，but my sister did，” Kops said.“I wear his trousers for good luck.” Minutes later，Kops was standing at the edge of a 70foot abyss called Broken Bones. While it may seem suicidal (自殺的)，jumping across a gap is actually an extreme sport that is gaining in popularity.Called rock jumping，or simply jumping，this activity is taking place in the AdrspachTeplice Rocks，a remote nature preserve in the northeast part of the Czech Republic.Known for its 11 square miles of sandstone，the region has been loved by lifelong rock climbers.“The aim is to get to the top of as many towers as you can.” said Vladimir Prochazka，known as June Bug，a 59yearold climber and a collector of Czech rock climbing histories. Jumping is often the most possible way to get to the tower.In most cases，climbers jump with a rope tied around their waist.If they miss the landing — which is not unmon — they will fall into the wall of the base tower.“Jumping requires fearlessness，” Prochazka said.“Broken or damaged bones are fairly mon.” Still，there are those who prefer to experience by jumping without a rope.Among the most wellknown of these adventurers are Petr Prachtel and his wife，Zorka，who helped create the sport in the 1960s.They pioneered countless jumps，sometimes without the safety of a rope. 【語篇解讀】　文章介紹了起源于捷克共和國的跳巖運動。文章介紹了該運動的起源、分級和在該運動中幾個關鍵的人物。 1．What does “pants” probably mean in the first paragraph? A．Shoes.　 B．Trousers. C．Jackets. D．Shirts. B　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文中的“I wear his trousers for good luck.”可知他穿的是Oxygen的褲子。故該題的正確答案為B項。] 2．Why did Petr Kops wear Oxygens trousers? A．Because he knew Oxygen very well. B．Because Oxygen was good at wearing. C．Because he wanted to be lucky. D．Because Oxygen had poor jumping ability. C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段的“I wear his trousers for good luck.”可知他是為了好運，故該題的正確答案為C項。] 3．Rock jumping is ． A．being less and less popular for it is so far away B．too dangerous to attract any people C．a(chǎn)ppeared in the southeast part of the Czech Republic　 D．loved by people who can face the danger D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“...that is gaining in popularity”可知A和B的說法是錯誤的；根據(jù)第二段的第一句“While it may seem suicidal (自殺的)，jumping across a gap is actually an extreme sport that is gaining in popularity.”可知該運動類似“自殺”，故一定為一些喜歡冒險的人所鐘愛。故該題的正確答案為D項。] B (2018全國Ⅲ卷，B)Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are，like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to munications and trade.New York City，for example，is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.In 1896，Dawson，Canada，was unmapped wilderness(荒野)．But gold was discovered there in 1897，and two years later，it was one of the largest cities in the West，with a population of 30，000. Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris.People went there for gold.They travelled over snowcovered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path，killing 63 people.For many who made it to Dawson，however，the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first 20，000 people who dug for gold，4，000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives. But no matter how rich they were，Dawson was never fortable.Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.But soon，the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down，and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska，they left Dawson City as quickly as they had e.Today，people still e and go to see where the Canadian gold rush happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762. 【語篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了加拿大道森的歷史、發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀。 4．What attracted the early settlers to New York City? A．Its business culture. B．Its small population. C．Its geographical position. D．Its favourable climate. C　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“New York City，for example，is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.”可推知，由于紐約市地處哈德遜河入?？?，其優(yōu)越的地理位置吸引了早期的定居者。C選項“Its geographical position.”正確。A選項“它的貿(mào)易文化”，B選項“它的少量人口”，D選項“它的有利氣候”在文中均無信息支撐。] 5．What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson? A．Twothirds of them stayed there. B．One out of five people got rich. C．Almost everyone gave up. D．Half of them died. B　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Of the first 20，000 people who dug for gold，4，000 got rich.”可知，在最先的兩萬淘金者中，有4 000人變得富有了，換言之，即有五分之一的人(One out of five people)變得富有了，故答案為B。A項屬于無中生有，文中并未提及最先到達道森的20 000人中有三分之二的人留在了那里；C項說幾乎大家都放棄了，這與下文描述的五分之一的人變得富有矛盾；文中第二段提到在前往道森的途中，雪崩造成了63人死亡，并非是10 000人死亡，故D項錯誤。] 6．What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson? A．They found the city too crowded. B．They wanted to try their luck elsewhere. C．They were unable to stand the winter. D．They were short of food. B　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“But soon... and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska，they left Dawson City as quickly as they had e”可知，當?shù)郎狞S金都被發(fā)掘后，人們聽說在阿拉斯加發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的金礦，他們便很快離開道森了。由此可推知，他們是想去阿拉斯加碰碰運氣。A項屬偷換概念，文中說的是“The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down”(這個城市到處都是感到失望且無心定居下來的人們)。C項屬無中生有，文中并未說他們不能忍受這里的冬季。D項屬曲解文意，文章提到“Necessities like food and wood were very expensive”(諸如食品和木材這樣的生活必需品非常昂貴)，并非是說他們?nèi)鄙偈称?。] 7．What is the text mainly about? A．The rise and fall of a city. B．The gold rush in Canada. C．Journeys into the wilderness. D．Tourism in Dawson. A　[主旨大意題。本文主要以道森為例，講述了城市的興衰，故A項正確。B項“加拿大淘金熱”，以偏概全；C項“荒野之旅”，曲解文意；D項“道森的旅游業(yè)”，不符合文意。] C Runners who encounter visual and auditory distractions (干擾)may be more likely to suffer leg injuries，according to research by the Association of Academic Physiatrists in Las Vegas.Runners often seek distraction from the task at hand.Whether it be music，texting，daydreaming，taking in the sights，or propping a book up on the treadmill(跑步機)，more often than not a distraction is wele.But，researchers from the University of Florida have recently discovered those distractions may lead to injury. Daniel Herman，MD，assistant professor at University of Florida，and his team conducted research on the effects of visual and auditory distractions on 14 runners to determine what effect these distractions would have on things such as heart rate，how many times a runner breathes per minute and how much oxygen is consumed by the body. The runners were all injuryfree at the time of the study and ran 31 miles each week.Dr.Hermans team had each participant run on a treadmill three separate times.The first time was without any distractions.The second time added a visual distraction，during which the runners concentrated on a screen displaying different letters in different colors with the runner having to note when a specific lettercolor bination appeared.The third time added an auditory distraction similar to the visual distraction，with the runner having to note when a certain word was spoken by a certain voice. When pared to running without distractions，the participants applied force faster to their left and right legs called loading rate，with auditory and visual distractions.They also experienced an increased amount of force from the ground on both legs，called ground reaction force，with auditory distractions.Finally，the runners tended to breathe heavier and have higher heart rates with visual and auditory distractions than without any distractions at all. “Running in environments with different distractions may unfavorably affect running performance and increase injury risk，” explains Dr.Herman.“Sometimes these things cannot be helped，but you may be able to minimize potentially cumulative(累積的) effects.For example，when running a new route in a chaotic environment such as during a destination of marathon，you may want to skip listening to something which may require more attention—like a new song playlist.” Dr.Hermans team will continue to investigate the potential relationship between distracted running and leg injuries，and any effect this relationship has on different training techniques that use auditory or visual cues. 【語篇解讀】　說明文。研究表明，跑步時受到視聽干擾可能導致受傷。 8．Paragraph 2 tells us the research ． A．process B．question C．results D．reflection B　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)what effect，how many times and how much oxygen可知選B。] 9．Based on the research，runners with auditory distractions tended to ． A．breathe heavier and have lower heart rates B．gain a faster speed with slower loading rates C．a(chǎn)pply more force with less oxygen consumption D．get an increased amount of ground reaction force　 D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)They also experienced an increased amount of force from the ground on both legs，called ground reaction force，with auditory distractions.可知，受到聽力干擾后，雙腳感受到更多的反作用力。] 10．What can we infer from the passage? A．Running with distractions bees unmon nowadays. B．Listening to a new song while running ensure performance. C．Runners are advised to minimize distractions in a destination of marathon. D．Runners are more likely to get injured in an environment without distractions. C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知，Dr.Herman建議跑步者把干擾最小化。] 11．What is probably the next task for Dr.Hermans team? A．What determines training techniques B．What effective ways can cure leg injuries C．Why runners use auditory and visual cues D．How distractions should be used in training C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)any effect this relationship has on different training techniques that use auditory or visual cues(這種關系對使用視聽暗示的各種訓練技術的作用)可知，將進一步研究在訓練中如何使用干擾。] D It is interesting to see that the force of only 6 or 7 people pushing in the same direction can cause up to 1，000 pounds of forceenough to break brick walls.During a deadly stampede(逃奔)，people can even die standing up.People die when pressure is put to their bodies in a front to back direction，causing them not to be able to breathe. If you are in a crowd，the first and most important thing is to make yourself familiar with your surroundings and find different exits.No matter where you are，make sure you always know how to get out. Make yourself aware of the type of the ground you are standing on，and know that in a crowd of moving people wet ground can cause you to fall. When in danger，a few seconds can make a difference，giving you the possibility of making use of your escaping route.Always stay closer to the escape route.If you find yourself in the middle of a moving crowd，do not fight against the pressure，do not stand still or sit down，because you can easily get trampled(踩踏)．Instead，move in the same direction of the crowd; make use of any space that may open up to move sideways to the crowd movement where the flow is weaker. Keep your hands up by your chest，like a boxer—it gives you movement and protects your chest.If you fall，get up quickly.If you cant get up because you are injured，get someone to pull you up.If you have kids，lift them up. If you fall and cannot get up，keep moving in the same direction of the crowd，or if that is not possible，then cover your head with your arms; do not lie on your stomach or back. 【語篇解讀】　人群中發(fā)生蜂擁事件會造成大量人員傷亡，作者在本文中講述了在處于人群中時，應該如何去做以防意外發(fā)生。 12．In a stampede people may die standing up mainly because ． A．they cant breathe freely B．they push in the same direction C．they are not able to get up D．they arent familiar with the surroundings A　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，在致命的蜂擁事件中，人們甚至站著就死去了，原因是當壓力從他們的身體前方向后方施加時，他們不能呼吸。故選A。] 13．What does the word “deadly” underlined in the first paragraph probably mean? A．harmful. B．shocking. C．deathly D．hateful. C　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段第二句后半句people can even die standing up人們甚至站著死。可知，這一定是一次致命的踩踏事件。畫線詞的意思是“致命的”，故選C。] 14．When in danger，to make a difference，you should ． A．fight against the pressure B．stand still where you are C．sit down covering your head D．move along the escape route D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段可知，處于危險中時，確保你可以利用你的逃跑路線，不要與人群的壓力相對抗，不要站著不動或坐下來，由此可推知D項正確。] 15．In the passage the writer mainly wants to tell us ． A．how to stay far away from a crowd B．what to do when you are in a crowd C．where to go when you are in danger D．how to get along with a big crowd B　[主旨大意題。第一、二段導入文章的話題，擁擠的人群可能造成人的死亡，后面詳細敘述了當你處于人群中時，應該如何去做以防意外發(fā)生，由此可判斷B項正確。] Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分) Although many Chinese students say that their knowledge of English grammar is good，most would admit that their spoken English is poor.Whenever I speak to a Chinese student，they always say，“My spoken English is poor.” 16 I would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken English. First，they fail to find suitable words to express themselves due to a limited vocabulary. 17 However，you can speak with a limited vocabulary，if you choose a positive attitude.Others will follow you as long as you use the words that you know. 18 Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous.Yet students should remember that their goal should be FLUENCY NOT ACCURACY.Your aim in writing is to be accurate following the rules for grammar and using the right words and spelling them correctly.However，in speaking your aim is fluency.You want to get your message across，to talk to someone in English，as quickly and as well as you can，even though sometimes you may use a wrong word or tense，but it doesnt matter. 19 The third reason is that not enough attention is paid to listening.You have one mouth but two ears！All that hearing is necessary for you to start speaking. Fourth，most Chinese students are reactive rather than proactive language learners.Instead of actively seeking out opportunities to improve their spoken English they passively wait for speaking opportunities to e to them and wonder why their English always remains poor. 20 A．The person you are speaking to will understand you and make allowances for any mistakes he hears. B．They may try to avoid making similar mistakes next time. C．Obviously the better answer is to expand their vocabulary. D．If you have this proactive outlook，then you will see English opportunities wherever you go. E．However，their spoken English does not have to remain “poor”！ F．Second，they are afraid of making mistakes. G．The second reason lies in the reluctance of using what has just been learned. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文。講述的是在中國學生口語差的四點原因。學生口語差和學生有限的單詞量，害怕出錯，沒有集中注意力聆聽和大部分的學生處于被動的狀態(tài)有關。 16．E　[考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。我希望闡述一些中國的學生的口語不好的原因。找到原因后及時糾正，學生的口語就能得到完善，故選E。] 17．C　[考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。上句提到學生難以采用合適的單詞表達自己，原因是他們的單詞量有限。那么，最佳方法就是擴大單詞量，故選C。] 18．F　[考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。下文提到學生由于過于害羞或緊張可能會犯錯。本段講述的是學生會害怕犯錯，應選F。] 19．A　[考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。上文提到如果你想和別人用英語交談，那么最好的方法就是盡可能快地流利地說英語，不要在意口語中出現(xiàn)的小錯誤，故選A。] 20．D　[考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。上文提到大部分的學生是被動學習，而不是積極主動地尋找機會說英語。如果有一個積極主動的態(tài)度，那么說英語的機會隨處可見。] Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分) Once a boy really had everything he wanted，so he was 21 interested in the rarest (最稀有的) objects.One day he 22 a mysterious (神秘的) mirror and took it home.When he looked into the mirror，he found that his 23 looked very sad.He tried 24 ，but it remained the same. Surprised，the boy went off to buy some sweets.He went home and looked into the mirror as happily as possible， 25 he still looked sad.He bought all kinds of toys，but he looked forever 26 in that mirror.So the boy put the mirror away in a 27 ． “What a(n) 28 mirror! Ive never seen a mirror that didnt 29 properly！” That same afternoon he went out to play，but on his 30 to the park he saw a little girl crying loudly.So he went over to see what was happening.The little girl told him that she had 31 her parents. Together，they 32 in search of them.As the little girl continued crying，the boy 33 his money in buying sweets lo cheer her up. 34 ，after walking for a long time，they found her parents，who looked very worried. The boy said goodbye，and walked off towards the park.However， 35 the time，he decided to turn around and head 36 home，as he had no time to 37 ．At home，he went to his room and noticed a shining 38 in the corner where he had left the mirror.Seeing this，he went over to the mirror and 39 that the light was ing from his own body，because he was so happy about having helped that little girl. So he understood the mystery of that mirror，the only mirror reflecting (反映) faithfully (誠心誠意地) the 40 joy of its owner. 【語篇解讀】　這篇文章講了一個故事。曾經(jīng)有個富裕的小男孩，只對稀罕的東西感興趣。一天他找到了一面神奇的鏡子。小男孩照了照鏡子，本是一張高興的臉，但鏡子里顯示的卻是張傷心的臉。后來在他幫小女孩找父母的過程中小男孩花了錢，自己也沒時間玩了，結果回到家鏡子里卻出現(xiàn)了一張高興的臉。小男孩明白了，原來這面神奇的鏡子照的是人的內(nèi)心。 21．A.never B．sometimes C．only D．seldom C　[他只對稀有的物品感興趣。never決不，sometimes有時，only僅僅，seldom很少。] 22．A.found B．wanted C．guessed D．expected A　[一天他找到了一面神奇的鏡子，并且把它帶回家。find找到，want想要，guess猜測，expect盼望。] 23．A.head B．nose C．face D．mouth C　[他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的臉看起來卻很悲傷。head頭，nose鼻子，face 臉，mouth嘴。] 24．A.smiling B．shouting C．crying D．smelling A　[他努力去笑，但是結果仍然一樣。smile 笑，shout 大喊大叫，cry 哭， smell 聞。] 25．A.and B．so C．when D．but D　[他買了糖果回到家，盡可能高興地看向鏡子，但是鏡子里依然是難過的表情。and 并且，so 所以，when當……時，but但是。] 26．A.sad B．a(chǎn)ngry C．happy D．worried A　[由he found that his 23 looked very sad.可知但是在那面鏡子里，他看起來永遠是那么悲傷。sad 悲傷的，angry 生氣的，happy 高興的，worried擔心的。] 27．A.corner B．box C．room D．bag A　[由下文At home，he went to his room and noticed a shining 38 in the corner where he had left the mirror.可知填corner。] 28．A.interesting B．terrible C．wonderful D．difficult B　[由Ive never seen a mirror that didnt 29 properly！可知這里意思是多么可怕的一面鏡子。interesting有趣的，terrible 可怕的，wonderful 精彩的，difficult困難的。] 29．A.move B．look C．keep D．work D　[我從來沒有見過這么不正確工作的鏡子。move 移動，look 看，keep 保持，work工作。] 30．A.way B．course C．road D．line A　[但是在他去公園的路上，他看到一個小女孩在大聲地哭。on ones way to...在某人去某地的路上。] 31．A.escaped B．hated C．excited D．lost D　[由Together，they 32 in search of them.可知這個小女孩找不到她的父母了。escaped 逃跑，hated 憎恨，excited 激動，lost丟失。] 32．A.set off B．set aside C．set down D．set up A　[他們一起出發(fā)去尋找他們。set off出發(fā)，set aside 留出，set down 記下，set up建立。] 33．A.took B．cost C．spent D．held C　[因為這個小女孩一直在哭，這個小男孩花錢給她買了糖果。spend money (in) doing sth.花錢做某事，是固定句型。] 34．A.Finally B．Actually C．Naturally D．Generally A　[最后，在走了很長時間后，他們找到了她的父母。finally 最后，actually實際上，naturally 自然地，generally一般地。] 35．A.telling B．seeing C．feeling D．pointing B　[由he decided to turn around and head 36 home，as he had no time to 37 ．可知他看了看時間。tell 告訴，see 看見，feel 感覺，point 指向。] 36．A.in B．for C．off D．a(chǎn)t B　[他決定轉身回家。head for前往、出發(fā)，是固定短語。] 37．A.talk B．eat C．play D．walk C　[由That same afternoon he went out to play，可知他沒有時間玩了。talk 說話， eat吃，play 玩，walk走。] 38．A.light B．mirror C．colour D．star A　[由that the light was ing from his own body，可知他注意到了放鏡子的地方發(fā)出一道光。light光，mirror鏡子，colour 顏色，star星。] 39．A.touched B．invented C．improved D．realised D　[他意識到這道光來自于自己的身體。touch觸摸， invent發(fā)明，improve 改進，realise意識到。] 40．A.possible B．true C．strange D．mon B　[這面鏡子誠心誠意地反映它主人真實的快樂。possible可能的，true真實的，strange奇怪的，mon普通的。] Ⅳ.語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分) What is your favourite cartoon? It may be 41. (difficulty) for you to decide.But for pianist Lang Lang，Tom and Jerry is the best one. When Lang Lang 42. (be) two years old，he saw Tom playing 43. piano.This was his first time to enjoy western music and this experience encouraged him 44. (learn) to play the piano.His talent at the keyboard has taken him from Shenyang 45. the world.Lang became a good piano student at three.Ever since，the boy has been doing better 46. better.In 1997，the 15yearold boy studied at a