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Unit 5 The power of nature 話題誦讀 日積月累 [導(dǎo)語]　火山在地球上噴發(fā)已有數(shù)百萬年了，其中五百多座火山還在噴發(fā)著，這也顯示了地球本身的力量。是什么導(dǎo)致了火山？到底發(fā)生了什么事？那火山帶指的是什么？讓我們來了解一下吧。 There are thousands of volcanoes all over the world.What makes volcanoes？What happens? The inside of the earth is very hot.Because it is very，very hot，the rock has melted like ice.It has bee liquid，like water.It is always boiling，like water in a kettle.If you have seen a kettle boiling，you know that the steam and boiling water try to get out.The very hot melted rock inside the earth also tries to get out.Usually it cannot because the outside of the earth is too thick and strong. But in some places the outside of the earth is thin and weak.Sometimes a crack (a small opening) appears.The hot melted rock，which we call“l(fā)ava”，pushes up through the crack and bursts through.Steam and gas shoot up into the air and the hot melted lava pours out.Big pieces of rock may be thrown high into the air. After a while the volcano bees quiet again.The melted lava bees hard.Later the same thing happens again and again.Each time more hot lava pours out on top of the cold lava and then bees hard.In this way a kind of mountain is built up，with a hole down the middle.Perhaps the volcano will then be quiet and no more lava will burst out.Perhaps it will start again hundreds of years later. [詞海拾貝] 1．melt v．(使)融化，(使)熔化 2．kettle n．水壺 3．lava n．巖漿，熔巖 4．burst through突然出現(xiàn)；突破 5．shoot up迅速上升；猛增 [問題思考] 1．What is the hot melted rock called? _______________________________________________________ 2．Will volcanoes start again after lava bursts out? _______________________________________________________ 答案：1.Lava. 2．Some will and some wont. 自主預(yù)習(xí) 步步提高 詞匯識記 Ⅰ.將單詞與其正確釋義連線 1．diagram　　　　 A．欣賞；感激 2．hurricane B．絕對的；完全的 3．a(chǎn)bsolute C．候選人；候補(bǔ)者 4．candidate D．貴重的；珍貴的 5．precious E．文件；證件 6．document F．陽臺 7．balcony G．多種多樣的 8．tremble H．圖表 9．diverse I．颶風(fēng)；暴風(fēng) 10．a(chǎn)ppreciation J．搖晃，顫抖 答案：1－H　2－I　3－B　4－C　5－D　6－E　7－F　8－J　9－G　10－A Ⅱ.根據(jù)所給漢語提示寫出單詞 1．____________ n．灰；灰末 2．____________ n．一套外衣 vt.適合 3．____________ adj.實(shí)在的；實(shí)際的 4．____________ vt.射中；射傷 5．____________ adj.憂慮的；不安的 6．____________ vt. & vi.驚慌；恐慌 7．____________ vt.保證；擔(dān)保 8．____________ vi.洗澡 答案：1.ash　2.suit　3.actual　4.shoot　5.anxious　6.panic　7.guarantee　8.bathe Ⅲ.根據(jù)英語釋義寫出單詞 1．________：next to or along the side of something 2．________：to carefully consider something to see how useful or valuable it is 3．________：a line of raised water that moves across the surface of the sea 4．________：the possibility that something will develop in a certain way，or have a particular effect 5．________：to choose someone for a position or a job 6．________：all the special tools, machines, clothes etc.that you need for a particular activity 答案：1.alongside　2.evaluate　3.wave　4.potential　5.appoint　6.equipment Ⅳ.選用短語的適當(dāng)形式完成句子 pare...with；protect...from；be appointed as...；make ones way；be about to；as well as；fast asleep；burn to the ground 1．Youd better often ________________ your handwriting ________ others. 2．A chemistry factory ________________________ in the fire. 3．He __________________________ Chairman of the Student Union in our school. 4．Though it was raining, the soldiers ________ the village. 5．When I came home，my father was ______________________. 6．I ____________________ the station to pick him up when he telephoned me that he was delayed. 答案：1.pare　with　2.was burnt to the ground　3.has been/was appointed as　4.were making their way to　5.fast asleep　6.was about to go to Ⅴ.領(lǐng)會句子所用句型并譯成漢語 1．Having__collected__and__evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 2．I__was__about__to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 3．It__was__not__easy__to__walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 4．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this__being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 答案：1.收集和評估了這些信息之后，我就幫助其他科學(xué)家一起預(yù)測下次火山熔巖將往何處流，流速是多少。 2．我剛要再睡，突然我的臥室亮如白晝。 3．穿著這些衣服走起路來實(shí)在不容易，但我們還是緩緩朝火山口的邊緣走去，并且向下看到了紅紅的沸騰的中央。 4．另外兩人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿，我是第一次經(jīng)歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。 語篇理解 課文表層理解 Ⅰ.判斷正(T)誤(F) 1．The writer has the greatest job in the world, but sometimes he was bored. (　　) 2．Mount Kilauea is the most active volcano in Hawaii.(　　) 3．Many people live near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall.(　　) 4．After eruption the writer and the other two scientists went to the mountain on foot.(　　) 5．The eruption was the writers first experience and he would never forget it.(　　) 答案：1.F　2.F　3.F　4.F　5.T Ⅱ.讀課文回答問題 1．Where is Mount Kilauea? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 2．What is the volcanologist wearing when getting close to the crater? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 3．What does the writer mean by using “l(fā)ucky” in the sentence “I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it”？ (no more than 20 words) ①____________________________________________________ ②____________________________________________________ 4．Why was it difficult for the writer to walk towards the edge of the crater? (no more than 15 words) _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 答案：1.It is in Hawaii.　2.He is wearing white protective suits that covered his whole body，helmets，big boots and special gloves，just like a spaceman.　3.①It was his first sight of an eruption.②It was the first time for him to watch the crater.　4.The author was wearing special protective clothes that made it difficult to walk. Ⅲ.閱讀P34～35的Reading部分，完成下列表格 The writers job Travel to unusual places and work 1.________ people from all over the world. Help protect ordinary people from the 2.________. Collect information for a 3.____________ about Mount Kilauea；help other scientists to 4.__________ where lava will flow next and how fast. The first experience The day of the 5.____ My bed began 6.________ and I heard a strange sound. My bedroom became as 7.________ as day. Red hot lava 8.________ hundreds of metres into the air. The day after the eruption Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the 9.________ that had been formed during the eruption. We slowly 10.________ to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red，boiling centre. 答案：1.alongside　2.volcano　3.database　4.predict　5.eruption　6.shaking　7.bright　8.was fountaining　9.crater　10.made our way 課文深層理解 Ⅰ.讀課文匹配段落大意 1．Part 1：Paras. (12) 　A．The reasons why the writer is enthusiastic about his job. 2．Part 2：Paras. (34) B．What the writers job is and the importance of his job. 3．Part 3：Para. (5) C．The writers experience of watching the volcano eruption. 答案：1.B　2.C　3.A Ⅱ.閱讀P34～35的Reading部分，選擇最佳答案 1．What does the writer mean by using“l(fā)ucky”in the sentence“I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it”？ A．He felt much safer on the top while the other two scientists climbed down into the crater. B．It was his first sight of an eruption. C．It was the first time for him to watch the crater. D．Both B and C. 2．What did the author do after he was appointed as a volcanologist? A．He collected information about Mount Kilauea on the spot. B．He analyzed the data and predicted where the lava would flow. C．He persuaded people to move their homes out of the path of the lava. D．He saved people who were covered with lava. 3．Which of the following descriptions of an eruption is NOT correct? A．It causes great damage near the top of Mount Kilauea. B．The places where the lava flows are usually seriously damaged. C．It can be seen from a distance，even in a house garden. D．The lava can fountain hundreds of metres. 4．What did the writer feel and see in his first sight of an eruption? A．His bed began shaking and he heard a strange sound. B．His bedroom was as bright as day. C．Red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the sky. D．All of the above. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．An eruption occurred in Hawaii. B．A volcanologists job is exciting. C．A volcanologists exciting job and his first sight of an eruption. D．A sight of an eruption is horrible. 答案：1.D　2.B　3.A　4.D　5.C 知識聚焦 講練互動 要點(diǎn)直擊 1．equipment n．設(shè)備；裝備 (教材原句P34)Sometimes working outdoors，sometimes in an office，sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists，I am never bored. (我)有時在室外工作，有時在辦公室里，有時工作中要用科學(xué)儀器，有時要會見當(dāng)?shù)匕傩蘸吐糜蔚娜耸浚覐膩矶疾粫挓? ①The plete equipment of the new hospital will take a year. 把這個新醫(yī)院的設(shè)備配齊要花一年時間。 ②Without the right equipment the mechanic could not repair the car. 沒有合適的設(shè)備，機(jī)械師便不能修理汽車。 這是件很有用的廚房用具。 [誤]：Its a very useful kitchen equipment. [正]：Its a very useful piece of kitchen equipment. 歸納拓展 a piece of equipment一件設(shè)備 equip v．裝備；配備 equip...with... 用……準(zhǔn)備……；使……具備…… be equipped with... 配備有…… equip sb for... 使某人對……有所準(zhǔn)備；使某人有能力…… well/fully equipped 裝備好的 badly/poorly equipped裝備差的 即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空。 ①The local government brought in lots of modern scientific ________(equip)． ②The manager decided to equip the workshop ________ modern machines. 完成句子。 ③Their army ________，so its a well－equipped army. 他們的部隊(duì)裝備精良，所以是一支配備精良的軍隊(duì)。 ④The course is designed to ________ a career in nursing. 此課程旨在使學(xué)生能夠勝任護(hù)理工作。 單句改錯。 ⑤Our school has changed all the office equipments for us at the beginning of the term. _______________________________________________________ 答案：①equipment?、趙ith?、踚s well equipped?、躤quip students for?、輊quipments→equipment 2．a(chǎn)ppoint vt.任命；委派；約定，安排 (教材原句P34)I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago. 作為一名火山學(xué)家，我已經(jīng)被派到夏威夷火山觀測站(HVO)工作20年了。 歸納拓展 appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 appoint sth for sth為某事安排/確定(時間/地點(diǎn)等) appointment n．約會，約定；任命，委派；職務(wù)，職位 fix/make/have an appointment with sb 與某人約會 appointed adj.指定的，約定的 即學(xué)即練 完成句子。 ①I decide _______________________________ of the pany. 我決定任命你為公司副經(jīng)理。 ②The manager _________________ look into those plaints. 經(jīng)理委派他去調(diào)查那些投訴。 單句語法填空。 ③Id love to go there with you，but I have an ________ (appoint) with my lawyer. ④She was waiting at my apartment at the ________ (appoint) time to take me to Disney World. 單句改錯。 ⑤If you want to make appointment with the doctor，you should phone him ahead of time. _______________________________________________________ 答案：①to appoint you (as/to be) the vice manager?、赼ppointed him to　③appointment?、躠ppointed?、輒ake后加an 3．evaluate vt.評估；評價；估計(jì) (教材原句P34)Having collected and evaluated the information，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. 收集和評估了這些信息之后，我就幫助其他科學(xué)家一起預(yù)測下次火山熔巖將往何處流，流速是多少。 ①I cant evaluate his ability without seeing his work. 我沒有看到他的工作情況，無法評估他的能力。 ②The school has only been open for six months，so its hard to evaluate its achievement. 該學(xué)校僅開辦了六個月，現(xiàn)在還很難估計(jì)它的成就。 歸納拓展 evaluate sb on...根據(jù)……評價某人 evaluation n．估計(jì)；評價 make an evaluation of對……進(jìn)行評估 ③The school evaluates a teacher on his performance in class. 學(xué)校根據(jù)教師在課堂上的表現(xiàn)評價教師。 ④I attempted an honest evaluation of my own life. 我試圖如實(shí)地評價我自己的一生。 易混辨析 evaluate/estimate/value 詞語 辨析 evaluate 很少用來表示“估價”或“估計(jì)”某物的市場價值，大多是用來表示“評價” estimate 表示的“估計(jì)”“估算”只是猜測，甚至只是一種想法 value 估計(jì)某物的“價值；價格” 即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空。 ①The tree ________ (estimate) to be at least 700 years old. ②It can be difficult ________ (evaluation) the effectiveness of different treatments. 完成句子。 ③You should be able to _________________________________. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)能夠評估你自己的工作。 ④Its hard to _________________________________. 要把她當(dāng)歌手來評價很難。 ⑤Can you ______________________________ success? 你能估計(jì)她成功的機(jī)會嗎？ 答案：①is estimated?、趖o evaluate　③evaluate your own work?、躤valuate her as a singer?、輊valuate her chances of 4．be about to... when...正要做……這時…… (教材原句P34)I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. 我剛要再睡，突然我的臥室亮如白晝。 [句式分析] 該句是并列句，核心句式是．..be about to...when...，其中when是并列連詞，常用于引導(dǎo)一個突然出現(xiàn)的動作，意為“正在這時/那時(突然)”，相當(dāng)于and at this/that time。 ①I was about to go out when Tom came in. 我正要出去，這時湯姆突然進(jìn)來了。 ②I was about to go out when the telephone rang. 我正要出去，電話鈴?fù)蝗豁懥恕? 歸納拓展 并列連詞when常用于以下句型： ①was/were doing...when...正在做……這時…… ②was/were about to do...when...正要做……這時…… ③was/were on the point of doing...when...剛要做……這時…… ④had just done...when...剛做完……這時…… ⑤had hardly/scarcely done...when...＝hardly/scarcely had...done...when...剛做完……這時/那時…… 即學(xué)即練 完成句子。 ①I was walking in the street _____________________________. 我正在街上走著，這時我突然看見了我的老朋友瑪麗。 ②I ________________________to help you with your English when my uncle came. 我正要出門去你家輔導(dǎo)你英語，這時我叔叔來了。 ③The game ______________ when it started to rain. ＝______________ the game ________ when it started to rain. 比賽剛剛開始，天就開始下起雨來。 單句改錯。 ④I had just finished my work you called me. _______________________________________________________ 答案：①when I saw my old friend Mary　②was about to go/was on the point of going?、踙ad hardly/scarcely begun　Hardly/Scarcely had　begun?、躽ou前加when 5．suit n．一套外衣；套裝 vt.適合；使適宜 (教材原句P34)We had white protective suits that covered our whole body，helmets，big boots and special gloves. 我們都穿著白色的防護(hù)服遮住全身，戴上了頭盔和特制的手套，還穿了一雙大靴子。 ①I dont think this song suits him. 我認(rèn)為這首歌不適合他。 ②Her speech was well suited to the occasion. 她的講話在這個場合非常適宜。 歸納拓展 suit oneself隨自己的意愿行事 suit sth to sth使某物適合于(另一物) It suits/suited sb to do sth某人適合做某事 suitable adj.合適的；適宜的 be suitable for sth/sb適于某物/人 be suitable to do sth適合做某事 ③He tried to suit his performance to the audience. 他盡力使自己的表演迎合觀眾的口味。 ④The show is not suitable for young children on the whole. 總之，該表演不太適合少兒觀看。 易混辨析 fit/suit/match 詞語 辨析 典型例句 fit 多指大小、形狀合適，可引申為“吻合，協(xié)調(diào)” The trousers dont fit him；they are too small. 這條褲子不合他的身，太小了。 suit 多指顏色、花樣或款式適合；還可指合乎需要、口味、性格、條件、地位等 This style of dress suits you well. 你穿這種款式的衣服很合適。 match 多指大小、色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等方面的搭配 Her clothes and hat dont match. 她的衣服和帽子不搭。 即學(xué)即練 單句改錯。 ①He had different suit for every hour of the day. _______________________________________________________ 完成句子。 ②The blue dress _______________________________________. 這件藍(lán)色連衣裙她穿起來不合適。 ③He tried ________________________________ the audience. 他盡力使自己的表演迎合觀眾的口味。 ④________________；I dont mind what plans you make. 隨便，不論你有什么打算，我都沒有意見。 ⑤The house is not really __________________________ (suit) for a large family. 這所房子確實(shí)不適合大家庭居住。 答案：①had后加a　②doesnt suit her?、踭o suit his performance to?、躍uit yourself　⑤suitable 6．make ones way前往；向……走去；成功 (教材原句P35)It was not easy to walk in these suits，but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red，boiling centre. 穿著這些衣服走起路來實(shí)在不容易，但我們還是緩緩?fù)鹕娇诘倪吘壸呷?，并且向下看到了紅紅的沸騰的中央。 ①Being exhausted，she made her way to bed. 她很疲憊，朝著床走了過去。 ②If you want to make your way，you must learn to work hard when you are still young. 你要想成功，就得學(xué)會趁著年輕努力工作。 注意：make ones way后常接介詞to，后跟表地點(diǎn)的名詞。 歸納拓展 feel ones way摸索著前行 fight/push ones way推擠著前行 wind ones way蜿蜒向前 force ones way out擠出去；沖出去 push ones way in擠進(jìn)去 lose ones way迷路 on the way to在去……的路上 in the way擋道 in no way決不；一點(diǎn)也不 in a/one way在某種意義上；在某種程度上 make way for讓路；讓位于 by way of取道；途經(jīng) 即學(xué)即練 單句改錯。 ①We made our ways along the path to the top of the mountain. _______________________________________________________ 完成句子。 ②The snowstorms always made it impossible for them to __________________________． 暴風(fēng)雪常常使他們很難回家。 ③Without experience on it，we ___________________________. 由于在這方面沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我們必須摸索著前進(jìn)。 ④As we got into a forest，we ___________________________. 進(jìn)入森林后我們迷路了。 ⑤Though it was raining hard，he made ________ way home. 盡管雨下得很大，但他還是回家了。 答案：①ways→way?、趍ake their way home　③have to feel our way?、躭ost our way?、輍is 7．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) (教材原句P35)The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them. 另外兩人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿。我是第一次經(jīng)歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。 [句式分析] this being my first experience是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作原因狀語。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)本身不是句子，但在語義上相當(dāng)于一個句子，一般用逗號與句子主體部分隔開。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。 ①There being no bus，he had to walk home. 由于沒有公交車了，他只好步行回家。 ②There is a big garden in front of the house，its owner seated in it. 房子前有一個大花園，它的主人坐在里面。 歸納拓展 常見的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)： 名詞/代詞＋ ③So many people to help him，he is sure to succeed. 如此多的人要幫他，他一定會成功的。 ④He came back into the room，his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里，耳朵凍紅了。 [提示]　用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)還是用完整的句子，要看前后兩部分中間有無連詞。若有連詞，用完整的句子，如無連詞，則用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 即學(xué)即練 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 ①The test ________ (finish)，we began our holiday. ②The girl ________ (stare)at him，he didnt know what to say. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 ③If weather permits，well go sightseeing. ＝Weather ________，well go sightseeing. ④There were no buses，and they had to walk home. ＝There ________ no buses，they had to walk home. 答案：①finished?、趕taring?、踦ermitting?、躡eing 應(yīng)用落實(shí) Ⅰ.單句改錯 每句中有1處錯誤，找出并改正。 1．The girl stared at him，he didnt know what to say. _______________________________________________________ 2．The government has an interest in importing scientific equipments. _______________________________________________________ 3．Though it was raining hard，he made a way home. _______________________________________________________ 4．The building burnt to the ground due to the fireworks. _______________________________________________________ 5．I was reading while the light went out. _______________________________________________________ 答案：1.stared→staring　2.equipments→equipment　3.a→his　4.burnt前加was　5.while→when Ⅱ.單句語法填空 填寫空白處所需的內(nèi)容(1個單詞)或所提供單詞的正確形式。 1．It is widely acknowledged that students should ______ (evaluate) in terms of overall quality. 2．—Do you think walking is good to ones health? —________(absolute)! 3．I knew that I was in a ________ (potential) dangerous situation. 4．The children in the mountain began to cry，as I ________ (wave) goodbye to them. 5．A lot of teaching ________(equip) has been sent to the newly built school. 6．Ive known Barbara for years.Since we were babies，________ (actual)． 7．The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons ________(finish)for the day. 8．She had just finished her homework ________her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday. 9．They decided to kick him upstairs and ________(appoint) a younger man to take his place. 10．Almost everyone thinks the books are ________(suit)for children. 答案：1.be evaluated　2.Absolutely　3.potentially　4.waved　5.equipment　6.actually　7.finished　8.when　9.appoint　10.suitable Ⅲ.選詞填空 make ones way；be burned to the ground；be amazed at；fast asleep；take notice of 1．During the terrorist attack on September 11th the World Trade Centre __________________________． 2．Short as he was, the little boy managed to ________________ through the crowd. 3．The child was ________________________ with all lights on. 4．He _________________________ the strangers behaviour. 5．Keep silent! ________________ what they are talking about. 答案：1.was burned to the ground　2.make his way　3.fast asleep　4.was amazed at　5.Take notice of Ⅳ.完成句子 1．The temple __________________________(被燒光) yesterday. 2．________________ (由小男孩帶路)，we found the village easily. 3．The farm workers __________ (在戶外工作) for many years. 4．Those climbers ______________________ (艱難前往) to the top of the mountain and stayed there for the night. 5．The stran