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Unit 5 Nelson Mandela——a modern hero 話題誦讀 日積月累 Nelson Mandela is one of the greatest people in the world.For many reasons he is a huge hero.He is a person all of us can learn many lessons from.He has seen almost everything in his life，from being treated badly to being president of the country he loves.He retired in 1999 but continues to travel the world helping people. Nelson was born in 1918 in South Africa.He first became a lawyer.This led to his involvement in the African National Congress(ANC)，which he later became the leader of. The South African government did its best to keep Mandela from spreading his message of equality for blacks.It put him in prison for 27 years.He became famous around the world.Mandela was released from prison in 1990.His never－ending hope won him the hearts of millions.He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.A year later，he was elected to be his countrys first ever black president.He died on December 5th，2013 at the age of 95.By the time of his death，Mandela had e to be widely considered both “the father of the nation，” and “the founding father of democracy” within in South Africa. [詞海拾貝] 1．involvement n．卷入；牽連；參與 2．equality n．平等，相等 3．release vt.釋放；讓與；準(zhǔn)予發(fā)表；發(fā)射 4．elect vt.選舉；選擇 5．lead to導(dǎo)致 [問題思考] 1．Why is Nelson Mandela regarded as one of the greatest people in the world? _______________________________________________________ 答案：He devotes his whole life to helping black people enjoy equal rights.He travels around the world helping people. 2．What does the passage mainly talk about? _______________________________________________________ 答案：Brief introduction to Nelson Mandela. 自主預(yù)習(xí) 步步提高 詞匯識記 Ⅰ.將單詞與其正確釋義配對 1．mean　　　 A．法律的；依照法律的 2．selfish B．投票；選舉 3．lawyer C．暴力；暴行 4．legal D．聯(lián)盟；同盟 5．fee E．律師 6．league F．學(xué)費；會費；酬金 7．violence G．不公正的；不公平的 8．vote H．樂意的；自愿的 9．willing I．自私的 10．unfair J．吝嗇的；卑鄙的 答案：1.J　2.I　3.E　4.A　5.F　6.D　7.C　8.B　9.H　10.G Ⅱ.根據(jù)所給漢語提示寫出單詞 1．________n．品質(zhì)；質(zhì)量；性質(zhì) 2．________adj.吝嗇的；自私的；卑鄙的 3．________adj.積極的；活躍的 4．________adj.慷慨的；大方的 5．________n．自我；自身 ________adj.自私的 ________adj.無私的；忘我的 ________adv.無私地；忘我地 6．________vt.獻身；專心于 ________adj.忠實的；深愛的 7．________n．法則；原則；原理 8．________adj.和平的；平靜的；安寧的 ________n．和平 9．________adj.法律的；依照法律的 ________adj.非法的 10．________n．舞臺；階段；時期 11．________vt.&vi.投票；選舉　n．投票；選票；表決 12．________vt.進攻；抨擊；攻擊 13．________n．暴力；暴行 ________adj.暴力的；猛烈的 14．________adj.相等的；平等的 15．________adj.樂意的；自愿的 答案：1.quality　2.mean　3.active　4.generous　5.self　selfish　selfless　selflessly　6.devote　devoted 7．principle　8.peaceful　peace　9.legal　illegal 10．stage　11.vote　12.attack　13.violence　violent 14．equal　15.willing Ⅲ.根據(jù)漢語提示寫出正確的單詞 1．Everyone can greatly improve the________(質(zhì)量)of life. 2．panies need to take________(積極的)steps to increase exports. 3．He is a________(慷慨的)man，who often helps others. 4．He decided to________(獻身)the rest of his life to scientific research. 5．The animals look________(平靜的)and happy. 6．Here is a good reason to be________(有希望的) about the future. 7．If you dont like it，dont ________(投票)for him. 8．Three people were injured in the________(攻擊)． 9．We are________(平等的)in every way. 10．Im perfectly________(愿意)to discuss the problem. 答案：1.quality　2.active　3.generous　4.devote 5．peaceful　6.hopeful　7.vote　8.attack 9．equal　10.willing Ⅳ.選詞填空(注意形式的變化) lose heart；in ones opinion；e to power；set up；be sentenced to；be willing to；out of work；as a matter of fact；in trouble；turn to 1．—I thought you wouldnt mind. —Well，________，I dont，but you should have asked me first. 2．If you cant pay the bill，youre going to be________． 3．In this city，nearly one third of the population is________ and they have nothing to do every day. 4．With no one to________ in her difficult times，my mother felt bad. 5．The pany________ provide us with what we needed. 6．He________ his own business after he graduated from university. 7．They didnt________though they suffered so many failures. 8．Its a terrible shame，________，that the building was knocked down. 9．She married a young man who was once a thief and________ prison for two years. 10．After the new president________，he made a wonderful speech. 答案：1.as a matter of fact　2.in trouble　3.out of work　4.turn to　5.is willing to　6.set up　7.lose heart 8．in my opinion　9.was sentenced to　10.came to power 語篇理解 Ⅰ.Skimming for the main information 1.Match the main idea of each paragraph. Paras.1，2________ A．The change of Elias life after he met Nelson Mandela and what Mandela did. Paras.3～5________ B．The life of Elias before meeting Nelson Mandela. 答案：1.Paras.1，2—B　Paras.3～5—A 2．What does the passage mainly tell us? A. A black man named Elias and his hard life in South Africa. B．Mr Mandelas lifelong struggle for the black peoples rights. C．Elias description of his contact with Mr Mandela. D．The deep friendship between Elias and Mr Mandela. 答案：C Ⅱ.Scanning for detailed information 1．Why did Elias have to leave school? A．He didnt have a passbook. B．His home was far from the school. C．His family couldnt afford the school fees. D．He couldnt read or write. 2．Nelson Mandela opened a black law firm in order to________． A．make money B．help the poor black people with their problems C．make himself famous D．study law 3．How did Nelson Mandela help Elias keep his job? A．He talked with Elias boss. B．He helped him get the correct papers. C．He lent him some money. D．He asked him to go to court. 4．Why did Elias help Nelson Mandela blow up some government buildings? A．He liked violence. B．It was not dangerous. C．It was a way to make black and white people equal. D．He wanted to be famous. 5．What dream did Nelson Mandela have? A．To bee the president of South Africa. B．To win the Nobel Peace Prize. C．To make black and white people equal. D．To blow up some government building. 答案：1.C　2.B　3.B　4.C　5.C Ⅲ.Intensive reading to finish the passage Ellas is a poor 1.________worker in South Africa.He began school at six years old and 2.________ school two years later because his family couldnt afford the school 3.________and the bus fare.After trying hard，he got a job in a 4.________ mine.At that time because he didnt have a 5.________ to live in Johannesburg，he would probably bee out of 6.________．He first met Mandela at twelve years old，in the year 1952，when Mandela was a black 7.________.Mandela helped poor black people to solve their 8.________matters.Mandela told Elias how to get the correct papers so he could stay in Johannesburg.Elias joined the ANC Youth League 9.________by Mandela to realize their dream of making black and white people 10.________． 答案：1.black　2.left　3.fees　4.gold　5.passbook 6．work　7.lawyer　8.legal　9.organized　10.equal [閱讀素養(yǎng)提升] 1．Do you think its fair to treat other people badly only because they are black? _______________________________________________________ 答案：No，I think all of us human beings are born equal. 2．What good qualities can you learn from Nelson Mandela? _______________________________________________________ 答案：Selfless，determined，hard－working，brave，easy－going，kind. [精讀難句透析] 1．However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 分析：本句是主從復(fù)合句。____________是先行詞，____________引導(dǎo)的是定語從句且在從句中作狀語。 譯文：_________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 答案：a time　when 譯文：然而，那時要有所需證件才能住在約翰內(nèi)斯堡。 2．Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there，and I worried about whether I would bee out of work. 分析：本句是并列句。____________連接了兩個并列分句，在第一個分句中，____________引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語從句。在第二個分句中，____________引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句。 譯文：_________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 答案：and　because　whether 譯文：遺憾的是我沒有這個證件，因為我不是在那里出生的，我很擔(dān)心我是否會失業(yè)。 3．But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 分析：本句是主從復(fù)合句。____________________是主句。_________引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語從句，______________________是省略了連詞that的賓語從句。 譯文：_________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 答案：But I was happy to help　because　it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal 譯文：但是我樂于幫忙，因為我知道這將幫助我們實現(xiàn)黑人和白人平等的夢想。 知識聚焦 講練互動 要點直擊 1．mean adj.吝嗇的；自私的；卑鄙的；刻薄的 v．意思是；意欲，打算；意味著 歸納拓展 (1)be mean to sb對某人吝嗇/自私/卑鄙 be mean with/about sth對……很吝嗇 (2)mean vt.意指，意味著，意思是 (1)Shes always been ________ with money. 她在花錢方面總是非常吝嗇。 (2)Dont ________ so ________ your little brother! 別對你弟弟那么刻?。? (3)She ____________ a nurse. 她根本就不是當(dāng)護士的料。 答案：(1)mean　(2)be　mean to　(3)was never meant for 即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空。 (1)Missing the train means________(wait) for an hour. (2)Please by all__________(mean) hand in the report on time. (3)I meant________(e)，but a friend went to visit me. (4)He is mean__________ all the people around him. 答案：(1)waiting　(2)means　(3)to e　(4)to 2．A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others. 偉人是把自己的一生致力于幫助別人的人。 歸納拓展 devote vt.獻身于；專心于 devote time(money，energy，etc.)to(doing) sth 把時間(錢、精力等)獻給(做)某事 devote oneself to(doing sth)＝be devoted to 獻身于……；致力于…… devoted adj.忠實的；深愛的 devotion n．奉獻；關(guān)愛 (1)Neighbours devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. 鄰居們利用他們的業(yè)余時間幫助他人重建。 (2)You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work. 除非你完全投入到你的工作中，否則你就永遠不會取得成功。 (3)Mothers devotion to children can hardly be calculated. 母親對孩子的關(guān)愛無法估量． 即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空。 (1)________(devote) to caring for the poor，Mother Teresa is greatly respected throughout the world. (2)He devoted all the money he had to________(set) up a house. (3)Her devotion________ the job left her with little time. (4)She devoted________(she) to helping the poor. 答案：(1)Devoted　(2)setting　(3)to　(4)herself 3．It was a prison from which no one escaped. 這是一座任何人都無法逃出的監(jiān)獄。 歸納拓展 escape vi.& vt.逃脫；逃走；避開；泄露；被忘掉　n．逃跑；逃脫 escape from從……逃脫；逃跑 escape＋n./doing sth 避開(做)某事 escape death 死里逃生 a narrow escape九死一生 (1)It was a prison from which no one escaped. 那是一座任何人都逃不出去的監(jiān)獄。 (2)She managed to escape from the burning car. 她設(shè)法從燃燒的汽車中逃了出來。 (3)He had a narrow escape in the big fire. 他在大火中死里逃生。 即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空。 (1)You shouldnt escape__________(do) the work. (2)Time is something________ which we cant escape. 答案：(1)doing　(2)from 4．But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 但是，我樂于幫忙，因為我知道，這將有助于實現(xiàn)我們黑人和白人平等的夢想。 歸納拓展 equal adj.平等的；相等的　v．等于；比得上，敵得過　n．同等的人；相等物 be equal to勝任；相等 equal sb in sth 在某方面與某人匹敵 be without equal/have no equal無與倫比；無敵 equally adv.平等地；同樣地 equality n．平等；相等 (1)The two rooms are of ________ size. 這兩個房間大小一樣。 (2)Nobody can ________ him ________ strength. 沒有人能比得上他的力氣。 (3)His paintings ____________ in the western world. 他的畫在西方世界無與倫比。 答案：(1)equal　(2)equal　in　(3)are without equal 即學(xué)即練 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 (1)She is not fit for the job. →She is not__________________ the job. (2)Three plus two equals five. →Three plus two____________________ five. (3)No one can match him in dancing. →No one can________ him________ dancing. 單句語法填空。 (4)I like it________(equal) with you. (5)In order to pete with others，the restaurant should improve the________(equal)of its service. (6)Bill is quite equal________running the office. (7)Tom is equal John________ the ability of dealing with such cases. 答案：(1)equal to　(2)is equal to　(3)equal　in (4)equally　(5)equality　(6)to　(7)in 5．They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. 他們說，從南非新政府得到的這份工作和報酬是我畢生為爭取黑人的平等權(quán)利而斗爭所得到的回報。 歸納拓展 reward n．報酬；獎金　vt.酬勞；獎賞 in reward(for)＝in return (for) 作為(對……的)報答 reward sb with...for(doing)sth 為(做)某事而以……報答某人 (1)She got nothing in reward for her kindness. 她的好心沒有得到一點回報。 (2)The authors mother rewarded him with books. 作者的母親用書來獎賞他。 (3)She was highly rewarded for her efforts. 由于她的努力，她收到了很高的回報。 易混辨析 reward/award/prize reward 報答；報酬；獎賞，表示由于做了某事而應(yīng)該得到的東西 award 獎項；獎品，指正式的或官方頒發(fā)、授予；也可以指法庭裁決給予 prize 獎賞；獎金；獎品，尤指在比賽中獲得的榮譽 即學(xué)即練 用reward，award，prize填空。 (1)A(n)________ was given to the person who had the winning number. (2)Is that how you________ me for my help? (3)The Olympic winner received a gold medal as a(n)________． (4)She offered a(n)________of $500 for the return of the lost necklace. 單句改錯。 (5)They rewarded the winners gifts of fruits and flowers. _______________________________________________________ 答案：(1)prize　(2)reward　(3)award　(4)reward (5)winners后加with 6．Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there，and I worried about whether I would bee out of work. 糟糕的是我沒有身份證，因為我不是在那里出生的，因而我擔(dān)心是否會失業(yè)。 歸納拓展 out of work失業(yè) out of a job失業(yè) out of breath上氣不接下氣 out of order出故障 out of control失控 out of danger脫離危險 (1)Work hard，or you will be __________． 好好干，不然你會失業(yè)的。 (2)The machine was __________． 這臺機器出了故障。 答案：(1)out of work　(2)out of order 即學(xué)即練 完成句子。 (1)It was the third time that he____________________ that year. 這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。 用out of的短語填空。 (2)The car went___________ and knocked into the side of a bus. (3)Hes still in hospital but________________． (4)The mile run left Bill__________________． (5)My clock was__________________and waked me up at 3：00 this morning. 答案：(1)had been out of work　(2)out of control (3)out of danger　(4)out of breath　(5)out of order 7．Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal? 為什么納爾遜曼德拉會使用暴力來使黑人和白人平等？ 歸納拓展 turn to求助于；致力于；轉(zhuǎn)向；翻至(某一頁) turn around/round轉(zhuǎn)過去；轉(zhuǎn)身 turn down拒絕；把……調(diào)低 turn in上交 turn off關(guān)閉 turn on打開 turn over翻過來；移交 turn out生產(chǎn)；制造；結(jié)果是…… turn up調(diào)高；出現(xiàn) (1)The child ____________ his mother for fort. 那個孩子向他的母親尋求安慰。 (2)I________invitations to go out for breakfast—that would require getting up too early on weekend mornings. 我拒絕了外出吃早飯的邀請，因為那樣的話，周末要起得很早。 (3)The job ______________ harder than we thought. 這份工作結(jié)果比我們想的要難。 答案：(1)turned to　(2)turned down　(3)turned out(to be) 即學(xué)即練 用turn短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。 (1)You can__________ your teacher for help if you are in trouble. (2)Those who want to go are to________ their applications before Friday. (3)Dont worry.All will________ right. (4)The boy wanted to join the army but________because he was under age. (5)He promised to e，but hasnt________ by now. 一句多譯。 閱讀中遇到生詞時，不要老是查詞典。 (6)You should not always____________the dictionary when you meet new words in reading. →You should not always________in the dictionary when you meet new words in reading. 答案：(1)turn to　(2)turn in　(3)turn out　(4)was turned down　(5)turned up　(6)turn/refer to　look them up 8．The scientist from whom...never lost heart when he was in trouble. ……的科學(xué)家當(dāng)陷入麻煩時不灰心。 歸納拓展 lose heart喪失勇氣或信心；泄氣 lose ones heart to愛上；傾心于…… learn sth by heart背誦；牢記 put ones heart into專心于 break sbs heart使某人很傷心 heart and soul全心全意；完全地 (1)Dont __________ when in face of difficulty，for a way out will e up. 面對困難時不要泄氣，總能想出解決的辦法。 (2)She ____________ the soldier. 她愛上了那位戰(zhàn)士。 (3)You should learn English ________． 你應(yīng)該用心學(xué)習(xí)英語。 答案：(1)lose heart　(2)lost her heart to　(3)by heart 即學(xué)即練 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕?、副詞填空。 (1)Youd better put your heart________ your studies. (2)Whatever we do，we should do it________heart. 單句改錯。 (3)My parents often tell me never lose heart when I face difficulty. _______________________________________________________ 答案：(1)into　(2)by　(3)lose前加to 9．I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994. 在曼德拉和非國大于1994年掌權(quán)之前，我有20年沒有再工作了。 歸納拓展 e to power＝e into power 當(dāng)權(quán)；上臺(表示動作) be in power當(dāng)權(quán)(表示狀態(tài)) lose power下臺；失去權(quán)利 be beyond ones power to do sth 某人無權(quán)(無能力)做某事 (1)The government________ in 2012.That is，it________ for more than six years. 本屆政府2012年上臺，也就是說，已經(jīng)執(zhí)政6年多了。 (2)Its ____________ to understand how the puter works. 我不懂電腦運行原理。 答案：(1)came to power　has been in power (2)beyond my power 即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空。 (1)He has been________ power for fifty years. 單句改錯。 (2)He promised that once he came in power，he would set out to improve the living conditions. _______________________________________________________ 答案：(1)in　(2)in→into/to 10．1952 set up law office to help poor black people in Johannesburg... 1952年(他)成立律師事務(wù)所來幫助約翰內(nèi)斯堡的貧窮黑人…… 歸納拓展 set up設(shè)立；建立 set down寫下；記下 set about開始做，著手 set aside把……放在一邊；省出；留出 set off出發(fā)；動身；使爆炸；引起；激發(fā) set out出發(fā)；動身；擺放；陳列；開始；著手 注：set about doing sth＝set out to do sth 開始著手做某事(about為介詞，而out為副詞) (1)A fund will __________ for the dead mens families. 將為死者家屬設(shè)立一項基金。 (2)I must __________ my packing. 我必須開始收拾行李了。 (3)She ______________ a bit of money every month. 她每個月都存一點兒錢。 答案：(1)be set up　(2)set about　(3)sets aside 即學(xué)即練 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕?、副詞填空。 (1)They will set________ for Paris next week. (2)Once I realized what was wrong，I set________ correcting it. (3)Having made the plan，she set________ to carry it out. (4)You had better set your idea________before you forget it. 單句改錯。 (5)My dream is set up a school for young children. _______________________________________________________ 答案：(1)off　(2)about　(3)out　(4)down (5)is后加to 11．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 過去30年來所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒有的階段。 [句式分析] (1)該句是一個無生命的名詞作主語的句式，在理解這類句子時一定要正確把握英漢兩種語言的不同表達習(xí)慣。這類句子的謂語動詞常用see，find，witness，observe等，意為“發(fā)生，見證；經(jīng)歷”；這種句式能達到一種使句子更加生動的修辭效果。 (2)where we have almost no rights at all是定語從句，修飾先行詞stage。當(dāng)先行詞為stage，case，situation，position，activity，work等抽象地點名詞，且定語從句中缺少狀語時，用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。 (1)________________ a little girl crying in the street. 黃昏時分一個小女孩在街上哭。 (2)____________ the founding of the Peoples Republic of China. 1949年中華人民共和國成立了。 (3)________________ the death of his mother. 第二年他的母親去世了。 (4)At that time we had reached ____________ we had more black readers than white ones. 那時候我們已到了黑人讀者比白人讀者還要多的階段。 答案：(1)The dusk found　(2)The year 1949 witnessed　(3)The following year saw　(4)a stage where 即學(xué)即練 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 (1)Great changes have taken place in the city of Beijing since 1982. →The city of Beijing ______________________since 1982. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空。 (2)Sales director is a position____________munication ability is just as important as sales. (3)The CEO of the pany is a job ______/________ ________ many abilities are required to deal with all types of problems. 答案：(1)has seen great changes　(2)where (3)where/in which 12．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. ……只有到這個時候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。 [句式分析] 在英語句子中，為了表示強調(diào)，把“only＋狀語(副詞/介詞短語/從句)”置于句首，主句要用部分倒裝形式，即把主句中的助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或系動詞提到主語前面。該句的正常語序是：...we decided to answer violence with violence only then. (1)Only yesterday ______________ him the truth，which was a big surprise. 昨天他父親才把真相告訴他，這對他真是一個令人吃驚的消息。 (2)Only by shouting ____________ able to make people on the other side of the river hear him. 他只有靠大聲叫喊才能使河對岸的人們聽到他的聲音。 答案：(1)did his father tell　(2)was he 名師點津：若only修飾主語，即使在句首也不倒裝。 即學(xué)即練 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 (1)She realized she was wrong only at that time. →Only at that time__________________she was wrong. 完成句子。 (2)Only________________the work in an hour. 只有她能在一小時內(nèi)完成這項工作。 答案：(1)did she realize　(2)she can finish 13．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次與一群人說話時我感到不舒服。 歸納拓展 (1)本句含有一個由the first time引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。 the first time用作連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“第一次……時”，而for the first time是介詞短語，意為“第一次”，在句子中作狀語。 (2)引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的短語或詞還有every time，each time，the last time，the moment，the minute，immediately，directly，instantly等，它們起從屬連詞的作用。 (1)____________ I saw Suzy Khan，I knew I had to help her. 第一次見到韓秀智，我就知道我必須幫她。 (2)He started __________ he heard the report. 他一聽到報告就動身了。 (3)He paid back the money he owed us ________ he returned home. 他一回到家就把欠我們的錢還上了。 答案：(1)The first time　(2)the instant　(3)immediately 即學(xué)即練 選詞填空(the first time，for the first time)。 (1)She fell in love with the young man when she saw him ________________________． (2)This is ____________________ that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a fami