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Unit4 Global warming Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A Naturehasitsownwayofbalancingitselfout,butwhenwehumansgetinvolved,wetendtothrowthingsoutofcontrol.Forestsandoceansarenaturalcarbonsinksthatabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere,butsincewe??vebeenpumpingtoomuchintotheair,thosesinkscan??tkeepup.ScientistsattheMaxPlanckInstituteinGermany,ledbybiologistTobiasErb,havefiguredoutawaytosuperchargeplantstomakethembetteratabsorbingCO2,whichcouldbeakeydefenseagainstclimatechange. Erbandhisteamfiguredoutawaytomakeplantsmoreefficientatabsorbingcarbon,sothattheyconsumedmorecarboninashorteramountoftime. “Ifyouthinkaboutplants,theyareefficientCO2-fixingfilters,buttheyarenotfast,” Erbsaid. “Ithinkthereisachancetoimproveexistingbiologywithsynthetic(人造的)biology.” Erb??steamidentified17enzymes(酶)fromninedifferentorganisms,re-engineeringthreeofthem,thathadanenlargedcarbonconsumption.Whenthoseenzymesworkedtogetherasateam,theyworkedbetteratnotonlyplants??naturalenzymes,butalsothemselvesindividually. Existingenzymesinplantsconsumeabout5to10molesofCO2persecond.TheteamofenzymesthatErbusedconsumed80molespersecond. Sofar,theseenzymeshaveonlybeentestedintesttubesinthelab,butthenextstepisrealworldtestingwheretheenzymeswouldbeintroducedintoplantstoseeifthesameresultoccurs.Ifthosetestsshowthatplantsreallycanbesupercharged,wecouldhaveanewtoolinthefightagainstclimatechangewherenotonlydoweprotecttheamazingcarbon-absorbingforestswehave,butwealsoaddthesesuperplantsoranartificialleaftechnologyusingtheenzymesintoothermixedfields. 1.Whycan??tforestsandoceansbalancenature? A.Becauseoceansandforestsaregettingsmaller. B.BecausewehumanbeingsgiveofftoomuchCO2. C.Becausealargenumberofforestsarecutdown. D.Becausetherearetoomanycreaturesintheworld. 2.WhichisthekeydefenseagainstclimatechangeaccordingtoErbandhisteam? A.Toincreasetheplants??abilityandefficiencytoabsorbCO2. B.TomakeoceansandforeststoabsorbmoreCO2quickly. C.ToreducethehumanactivitiesgivingofftoomuchCO2. D.Toincreasethenumberofplantsintheworld. 3.Whatcanwegetfromthelastparagraph? A.Theenzymeshaveprovedusefulinrealworld. B.Thetechnologyhasworkedagainstclimatechange. C.Theenzymeshavenotbeenusedinthelab. D.Thetechnologymayhaveabrightfuture. 4.Thispassageisintendedto　　　　. A.introduceapossiblewaytobetterplants??abilityofabsorbingCO2 B.callonpeopletopaymoreattentiontothebalanceofnature C.analysethecauseandresultofclimatechangerelatedtoplants D.explorethepossibilityofusingplantstofightagainstclimatechange B Todaytropicalrainforestsaredisappearingfromthefaceoftheglobe.Despitegrowinginternationalconcern,rainforestscontinuetobedestroyedatapaceover80,000acresperday.Worldrainforestcovernowstandsataround2.5millionsquaremiles.Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectonmuchofthisremainingarea. Deforestation(濫伐森林)oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction,thelossofimportantecosystemservicesandrenewableresources,andthereductionofcarbonsinks.However,thisdestructioncanbeslowed,stopped,andinsomecasesevenreversed(逆轉(zhuǎn)).Mostpeopleagreethattheproblemmustbesolved,butthemeansarenotassimpleasbuildingfencesaroundtheremainingrainforestsorbanningthewoodtrade.Economic,political,andsocialpressureswillnotallowrainforeststocontinuetoexistiftheyarecompletelyclosedofffromuseanddevelopment. So,whatshouldbedone?Thesolutionmustbebasedonwhatispractical,notcompletelyidealisticandshoulddependondevelopingaconservationapproachbuiltontheprincipleofsustainable(不破壞生態(tài)平衡的)useanddevelopmentofrainforests.Beyondtheresponsibledevelopmentofrainforests,effortstorestoredamagedforestlandsalongwiththeestablishmentofprotectedareasarekeytosecuringrainforestsforthelong-termbenefitstheycanprovideformankind. Historicalapproachestorainforestconservationhavefailed,asshownbytheincreasedrateofdeforestation.Inmanyregions,closingoffforestsasuntouchableparksandreserveshasneitherimprovedthequalityoflivingoreconomicopportunitiesfortheruralpoor,norstoppedforestclearingbyillegalwoodcuttersanddevelopers. Theproblemwiththistraditionalapproachtopreservingwildlandsindevelopingcountriesisthatitfailstodeveloppropereconomicmotivesforpreservingtheforest.Localpeopleandthegovernmentitselfmustseefinancialreturnstoprovethecostsofmaintainingparksfromeconomicactivities. 5.Whathascausedsomespeciesextinctioninthetropicalrainforests? A.Humans??destroyingthetrees. B.Carbonsinksbeingreduced. C.Lackingrenewableresources. D.Fencesnotbeingbuiltaroundtherainforests. 6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage? A.Tropicalrainforestscanbeeasilypreserved. B.Rainforestsmustbeclosedofftobebetterprotected. C.Humanactivitieshavealittleeffectontropicalrainforests. D.Economicreturnscanmakesomedifferenceinprotectingtropicalrainforests. 7.Whatistheauthor??sattitudetotropicalrainforestprotection? A.Indifferent. B.Concerned. C.Doubtful. D.Puzzled. 8.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage? A.Toshowthebadeffectsofdeforestation. B.Tostresstheimportanceoftherainforests. C.Toappealforrightwaystosavetherainforests. D.Tointroducethefactofforestsdisappearing. Ⅱ.語法填空 閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 EarthDayisanevent1.　　　　(annual)celebratedonApril22.2.　　　　(found)bySenatorGaylordNelson,anAmericanpoliticianandenvironmentalist,itwasoriginallyaimedathelpingthepublictoknowthecurrentsituationofairandwaterpollutionand3.　　　　(get)peopletocareabouttheearth. In1962,RachelCarson??sbest-sellingbookSilentSpringcreatedan4.　　　　(aware)ofthedangerouseffectsofpesticides(農(nóng)藥).Then,afire,5.　　　　brokeoutin1969onCuyahogaRiver,shedlightontheproblemofchemicalpollutioninwater.SenatorGaylordNelsondreamedof6.　　　　similarlargeeventthatwouldgetpeopletotakeenvironmentalissuesseriously.In1969,hewasinspiredbyprotestsagainsttheVietnamWarandcameupwiththeideaforEarthDay. Inthefallof1969,Nelsonannounceditandappealedtotheentirecountrytogetinvolved.Consequently,telegrams,lettersandtelephonecalls7.　　　　alloverthecountrypouredin.Since1970,EarthDaycelebrationhasgrown.Later,Nelson8.　　　　(award)thePresidentialMedalofFreedominrecognitionofhiswork. Today,EarthDayiscelebratedaroundtheworldeveryApril22.SometimesnumerouscommunitiescelebrateEarthWeek,anentireweekof9.　　　　(activity)focusedontheenvironmentalissues.In2017,theMarchforScience10.　　　　(occur)onEarthDay(April22,2017)andwasfollowedbythePeople??sClimateMobilization(April29,2017). Ⅲ.短文改錯 NextSunday,thetwenty-fiveofOctober,wearehaveanopendayatourschool.It??sgoingtobeabouttheenvironment,withkindsoffunthingshappen.Ourgeographyteacherwillshowadocumentaryfilmaboutairpollute.Ourscienceteacherisrunningaworkshopwithpracticalideasonwhattodowiththingscanberecycled,likenewspapersandbox.ThenintheeveningDrLyndaPotter,aenvironmentalist,isgoingtogiveatalk.Itwillbeaboutwhateveryonecandosomethingtohelptheenvironment.Theywillalsobebooksforsaleaboutprotectingtheenvironment.Ithinkit??sgoingtobearealgoodday. 課時作業(yè)(二十九) Ⅰ.A 【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了一種改善植物吸收二氧化碳能力的方法。 1.B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Forestsandoceansarenaturalcarbonsinksthatabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere,butsincewe??vebeenpumpingtoomuchintotheair,thosesinkscan??tkeepup.”可知,森林和海洋不能夠平衡自然是因為人類排放了過多的二氧化碳,故選B。 2.A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知,增加植物吸收二氧化碳的能力和有效性是應(yīng)對氣候變化的關(guān)鍵,故選A。 3.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ifthosetestsshowthatplantsreallycanbesupercharged,wecouldhaveanewtoolinthefightagainstclimatechangewherenotonlydoweprotecttheamazingcarbon-absorbingforestswehave,butwealsoaddthesesuperplantsoranartificialleaftechnologyusingtheenzymesintoothermixedfields.”和對本段的整體理解可推知,這項技術(shù)前途光明,故選D。 4.A　寫作意圖題。第一段點題并結(jié)合對全文的整體理解可推知,本文主要介紹了一種通過改善植物吸收二氧化碳的能力來應(yīng)對氣候變化的新技術(shù),故選A。 B 【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了熱帶雨林在逐漸從地球上消失,分析了其消失的原因及帶來的后果,并提出了對熱帶雨林保護的新措施。 5.A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Deforestation(濫伐森林)oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction…”可知,人類對熱帶雨林的濫砍濫伐導致了一些物種的消失,故選A。 6.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Localpeopleandthegovernmentitselfmustseefinancialreturnstoprovethecostsofmaintainingparksfromeconomicactivities.”可知,經(jīng)濟效益對保護熱帶雨林有一定影響,故選D。 7.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意可知,作者闡述了熱帶雨林正在消失的現(xiàn)狀,并呼吁找到拯救熱帶雨林的合理措施,故選B。 8.C　寫作意圖題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容,尤其是第三段第二句“Thesolutionmustbebasedonwhatispractical,notcompletelyidealisticandshoulddependondevelopingaconservationapproachbuiltontheprincipleofsustainable(不破壞生態(tài)平衡的)useanddevelopmentofrainforests.”以及第四段第一句“Historicalapproachestorainforestconservationhavefailed…”可知,該篇文章的寫作目的是呼吁找到拯救熱帶雨林的合理措施,故選C。 Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了“地球日”的起源及發(fā)展。 1.annually　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動詞的詞一般為副詞,故用副詞annually修飾動詞celebrated,在句子中作狀語。 2.Founded　考查非謂語動詞。found和句子的謂語之間沒有連詞,且與表示被動的介詞by呼應(yīng),表示被動完成的概念,故填Founded。 3.getting　考查動名詞。根據(jù)語境and提示可知,此處與動名詞helping并列,故用getting作介詞at的賓語。 4.awareness　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。與語境中定冠詞the和介詞of呼應(yīng)可知,此處用名詞形式。 5.which　考查定語從句。which引導非限制性定語從句,在從句中作主語,修飾先行詞 afire。 6.a　考查冠詞。event是可數(shù)名詞,且在語境中第一次出現(xiàn),故用不定冠詞修飾。 7.from　考查介詞。from此處表示“來自”,符合語境。 8.wasawarded　考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。事情發(fā)生在過去,并且award和句子主語Nelson是被動關(guān)系,故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。 9.activities　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)anentireweekof可知,活動是一系列的,故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 10.occurred　考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語in2017且與語境wasfollowed呼應(yīng)可知,事情發(fā)生在過去,故用一般過去時,填occurred。 Ⅲ.NextSunday,thetwenty-fiveofOctober,weare 或 haveanopendayatourschool.It??sgoingtobeabout the twenty-fifthwillhaving environment,withkindsoffunthingshappen.Ourgeographyteacherwillshowadocumentaryfilmaboutair happening pollute.Ourscienceteacherisrunningaworkshopwithpracticalideasonwhattodowiththings∧that/whichcanbe pollution recycled,likenewspapersandbox.ThenintheeveningDrLyndaPotter,aenvironmentalist,isgoingtogivea boxesan talk.Itwillbeaboutwhateveryonecandosomethingtohelptheenvironment.Theywillalsobebooksfor There saleaboutprotectingtheenvironment.Ithinkit??sgoingtobearealgoodday. really