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2019-2020年外研版高中英語(yǔ)選修8 Module 3《Foreign Food》（Grammar and Usage ）word教案 ▇Goals ● To review Attributive Clause ▇Procedures Step 1: Some practical explanations of Attributive Clause 一、經(jīng)常使用定語(yǔ)從句的場(chǎng)合: 1.先行詞為獨(dú)一無(wú)二的物體時(shí)。如：The sun, which rises in the east, gives us heat and light.太陽(yáng)從東邊升起，給我們發(fā)出光和熱。 2.先行詞是指物的專有名詞時(shí)。如： The Great Wall, which is called in Chinese “The Ten Thousand Li Great Wall”, is actually more than 6,000 kilometers long. 長(zhǎng)城，中國(guó)人稱作“萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城”，實(shí)際上 6,000多公里。 3.先行詞指物且被指示代詞或人稱代詞所修飾時(shí)。如：This is her house, which was built last year. 這是她的房子，是去年建的。 4.定語(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)主句時(shí)。如：He is from America, which I know from his accent. 他是美國(guó)人，這一點(diǎn)我從他的口音可以斷定。 二、定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇: 1.關(guān)系代詞的選擇 1)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞不能用that。指人時(shí)，如引導(dǎo)詞做主語(yǔ)用who、作賓語(yǔ)用whom；指物時(shí)要用which.注意引導(dǎo)詞作賓語(yǔ)也不能省略。如： Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father’s. 張先生昨天來(lái)看我，他是我父親的一位老朋友。（作主語(yǔ)） Miss Howe, whom you met at the station, is from America. 豪小姐是美國(guó)人，你在車(chē)站見(jiàn)過(guò)她。（作賓語(yǔ)） The Great Wall of China, which was built by ancient Chinese people, is regarded as one of the few wonders of the world. 長(zhǎng)城是古代中國(guó)人民修建的，它被看作是世界上為數(shù)不多的奇跡之一。 2)as和which的選擇 as和which都可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，來(lái)指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位于句末、且as或 which在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，兩者?？苫Q。如： She failed in the exam, which/ as was natural.他考試沒(méi)及格，這很自然。（作主語(yǔ)） He is an honest boy, which/ as anybody can see. 任何人都能看得出來(lái)，他是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的孩子。（作賓語(yǔ)） The man seemed a German, which/ as in fact he was. 那個(gè)人似乎是個(gè)德國(guó)人，實(shí)事上他就是德國(guó)人。（作表語(yǔ)） 但要注意以下區(qū)別： ①如非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位于主句之前或插在主句之中時(shí)，只能用as。如。 As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth. 我們已經(jīng)看到，海洋占地球面積的百分之七十多。 This kind of puter, as is well-known, is out of date. 眾所周知，這種計(jì)算機(jī)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了。 ②as在從句中作主語(yǔ)，后面常跟行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式; which在從句中作主語(yǔ)，后常跟行為動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式。如： She has been late again, as was expected. 她又遲到了，這在預(yù)料之中。 It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park. 昨天雨下得很大，使我無(wú)法去公園。 Kate always tells a lie, which her parents find strange. 凱特總是說(shuō)謊，她父母覺(jué)得這很奇怪。 ③當(dāng)從句和主句語(yǔ)義一致時(shí)用 as，表“正如”；反之用which。如： The thief came again, as was expected. 小偷又一次來(lái)了，這是預(yù)料之中的。（語(yǔ)義一致） The elephant is like a snake, which is not right. 大象像一條蛇，這是不對(duì)的。（語(yǔ)義不一致） ④as用常用在as often happens, as was pointed out, as was said above, as I remember, as I understand等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： Jack has won the first prize, as often happens. 像往常一樣，杰克獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。 2.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇 在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇方法和限制性定語(yǔ)從句一樣：引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞；作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用關(guān)系副詞。如： I want to buy the house, which has a garden. 我想買(mǎi)那個(gè)房子，那個(gè)房子有一個(gè)花園。（作主語(yǔ)） The place, which I visited before, has changed greatly. 這地方我以前來(lái)過(guò)，現(xiàn)在變化很大。（作賓語(yǔ)） The story in the book takes place in Canada, where Doctor Bethune was born. 書(shū)中故事發(fā)生在加拿大，白求恩大夫就是在那里出生的。（作狀語(yǔ)） 3.關(guān)系副詞和人稱代詞、指示代詞的選擇 選關(guān)系代詞還是人稱代詞，關(guān)鍵是分清句子結(jié)構(gòu)。如是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句（兩句中間以逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，且無(wú)連詞），用關(guān)系代詞；如是并列句（全句中有連詞、兩句中間為句號(hào)或分號(hào)），用人稱代詞或指示代詞。請(qǐng)?jiān)囂睿? ① He has three sons, none of ____ is a doctor. ② He has three sons, ____ are doctors. ③ He has three sons, but none of ____ is a doctor. ④ He has three sons;____ are doctors. A. whom B. them C. they D. who 題解：①、②兩題中間為逗號(hào)且無(wú)連詞，說(shuō)明后句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句③、④題為并列句。答案：ADBC . Step 2: 定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)比練習(xí) 1. ① This is one of the most interesting films _____ shown last week. ② This is the very one of the most interesting films _____ shown last week. A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that were 2. ① He has two sons, _____ are college students. ② He has two sons, and _____ are college students. A. both of which B. both of whom C. both of them D. both of it 3. ① He still lives in the room _____ window faces to the east. ② He still lives in the room, the window _____ faces to the east. ③ He still lives in the room _____ is in the north of the city. ④ He still lives in the room _____ there is a beautiful table. A. which B. whose C. where D. of which 4. ① _____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. ② _____ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. ③ _____ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. Who C. Those D. Whoever 5. ① _____ we all know, China is rich in natural resources. ② _____ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources. ③ _____ is well-known, China is rich in natural resources. A. Which B. As C. It D. That 6. ① I’ll never forget the days _____ we studied together. ② I’ll never forget the days _____ we spent together. A. that B. 不填 C. when D. A and B 7. ① This is the only way _____ you can find. ② I don’t like the way _____ he spoke to his mother. A. that B. 不填 C. in which D. A, B and C E. A and B 8. ① Galileo collected the facts __ proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun. ② Galileo discovered the fact _____ the earth and all the other planets move around the sun. A. that B. which C. 不填 D. A and B 9. ① Is this museum _____ they visited last month? ② The teacher tells us that _____ cleans the blackboard is to be praised. A. that B. the one C. which D. the one who 10. ① It was eleven o’clock _____ they went out of the cinema. ② It was at eleven o’clock _____ they went out of the cinema. A. which B. that C. when D. on which Keys: 1. ① D ② B 2. ① B ② C 3. ① B ② D ③ A ④ C 4. ① D ② A ③ C 5. ① B ② C ③ B 6. ① C ② D 7. ① E ② D 8. ① D ② A 9. ① B ②　D 10. ① C ② B