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Unit4 Body language Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A Inaforeigncountry,amanvisitedalocalrestaurant.Hedidn??tspeaktheirlanguage.Heorderedsomethingindecipherable(難懂的)onthemenu.Whenthewaiterbroughthimaplateofdeliciouslookingfriednoodles,hesmiledandmadeanOKsignatthewaiterwithhisthumbandforefingerlinkedinacircle.Lookingangry,thewaiterthenpickedupthedishandthrewittohislap.Whathedidwrong,hewondered.Well,nothingisquiteasitseemswhenitcomestousinghandgestureinanothercountry. Gestureshavebeenusedtoreplacewordsinmanycountries,andtheyareoftenspecifictoagivenculture.Gesturemaymeansomethingcomplimentaryinoneculture,butishighlyoffensiveinanother. Thegesture “thumb-up” iscommonlymisinterpreted.InEnglish,itispopularlyknownas “thumbsup”,despitethefactthattheactioniscommonlyperformedwithonlyonehand.English-speakingCaucasiansuseittosignal “OK”,whichisthesamemeaningasOKringgesture.Thetwocaninfactbeusedalmostinterchangeably. AvoidusingthisgestureinSouthernSardinaorNorthernGreeceunlessyouwanttoinviteafight.WhileAmericans,BritishandAustralianswouldusethethumb-uptosignalhitchhikingtothedrivers,thismessagewillnotencourageaGreekdriverormotoristtostoptogivethemaride. Therearenorightorwrongsignals,onlyculturaldifferences.Lackofculturalunderstandingwillleadtodisharmonyamongpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Whenweknowwhattolookfor,suchencounterswithotherculturesareactuallyveryinteresting,fascinatingandfun.Itiscertainlyagreattopictodiscussoveracupofcoffeeandcakes. 1.Whatdidthemaninthefirstparagraphdowrong? A.Hemisunderstoodthewaiter. B.Hedidn??trealizeculturaldifferences. C.Heorderedsomethingonthemenu. D.Hemadethesignalinarudeway. 2.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmean? A.Fullofadmiration. B.Fullofaggression. C.Fullofcomplexity. D.Fullofcertainty. 3.Whatwillhappenifyoumakeathumb-uptowardsamaninNorthernGreece? A.Hewillstoptogiveyoualift. B.Hewillgetannoyedandfightagainstyou. C.Hewillaskyoutogivehimalift. D.Hewillmakethesamesignaltowardsyou. 4.What??sthepurposeofthepassage? A.Toexplainthemeaningofdifferentgestures. B.Totellstoriesaboutdifferentcultures. C.Toadviseustohaveanunderstandingofculturaldifferences. D.Topersuadepeoplefromdifferentcountriestoliveinharmony. B Screamingisoneoftheresponseshumanssharewithotheranimals.Conventionalthinkingsuggeststhatwhatsetsascreamapartfromothersoundsisitsloudness.However,manysoundsthatarelouddonotraisegoosebumpslikescreamscan.Tofindoutwhatmakeshumanscreamsunique,neuroscientistLucArnalandhisteamexaminedabankofsoundscontainingsentencesspokenorscreamedby19adults.Theresultshowsscreamsandscreamedsentenceshadaqualitycalled “roughness”,whichreferstohowfastasoundchangesinloudness.Whilenormalspeechsoundsonlyhaveslightdifferencesinloudness—between4and5Hz,screamscanswitchveryfast,varyingbetween30and150Hz,thusconsideredtoberoughandunpleasant. Arnal??steamasked20subjectstojudgescreamsasfearfulornot,andfoundthatthescariestarealmostalwaysconnectedwithroughness.TheteamthenstudiedhowthehumanbrainrespondstoroughnessusingMRIbrainscanners(磁共振顱腦掃描儀).Asexpected,afterhearingascream,activityincreasedinthebrain??shearingcentreswheresoundcomingintotheearsisprocessed.Butthescansalsolitupintheamygdalae(腦扁桃體),thebrain??sfearcentre. Theamygdalaistheareathatrespondstodanger.Whenathreatisdetected,ouradrenalin(腎上腺素)rises,andourbodypreparestoreacttodanger.Thestudyfoundthatroughnessisn??theardwhenwespeaknaturally,butthemostannoyingalarmclocks,carhorns,andfirealarmspossesshighdegreesofroughness. Onepotentialapplicationforthisresearchmightbetoaddroughnesstoalarmsoundstomakethemmoreeffective,thesamewayabadsmellisaddedtonaturalgastomakeiteasilytobedetected.Warningsoundscouldalsobeaddedtoelectriccars,whichareparticularlysilent,sotheycanbeefficientlydetectedbypedestrians. 5.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout? A.Differenttypesofscreams. B.Specificfeaturesofscreams. C.Humansoundsandanimalcries. D.Soundchangesandscreamedsentences. 6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase “raisegoosebumps” probablymean? A.Makepeoplefeelunpleasant. B.Makepeoplefeelcold. C.Makepeoplerudeandrough. D.Makepeopleunique. 7.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage? A.Roughnessiscommonlyheardinmanyartificialsounds. B.Thetravellingspeedmakesscreamsdifferentfromothersounds. C.Verylittlescientificresearchhasbeendoneonhumanscreams. D.Normalhumanspeechsoundsvarybetween30to150Hzinloudness. 8.Whatdevicemaybeimprovedwiththeresearchers??findings? A.Trafficlights. B.Securitycameras. C.Smartphones. D.Smokedetectors. Ⅱ.語法填空 閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Nomatterwhereyouare,humansareconstantlymeasuringandcheckingtime.Someofusaregoodatit—planninganddoingthingsaheadoftime,1.　　　　othersarealwaystryingtobeattheclockanddothingsattheeleventhhour. Tardiness(拖拉)canbeserious.Ifyou2.　　　　(be)oneminutelateforwork,wouldyouresign?Itmaysoundextreme,butthatisexactly3.　　　　occurredintheUKupperchamberofparliament,theHouseofLords,inJanuary2018.InternationalDevelopmentministerLordBatesarrivedoneminutelate,and,asaresult,wasunabletoanswera4.　　　　(schedule)question.Insteadoftrying5.　　　　(make)upforlosttime,asmanymightdo,heresignedon6.　　　　spot.Heapologizedforhisdiscourtesy(無禮)andstatedthathewasashamed.Hisresignation,though,7.　　　　(reject)bytheUKprimeminister. So,howlateistoolate?Manyculturestakepunctualityveryseriously.Incontrast,othersseemtoviewtardiness8.　　　　justthenormalwayofthings.Whatisconsideredacceptableisbasedonculture.Thatis,ifyoudon??tmindwaiting,itmightbebesttoattendyour9.　　　　(appoint)ingoodtime.Andiftheworstcomestotheworst,remembertheoldEnglishproverb, “ 10.　　　　(good)latethannever.” Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò) Yesterdaywasmybirthday.Ialwaysspentaspecialdaywithmyfamily,theclosestoneswhoIcouldsharemyjoyandhappiness.WhenIwokeupinthemorning,Ifoundonthedeskwassomenewclothesandanotewhichsaid, “Getdressingandcomeoutside.”Ididso,andbeforeIgotoutsideIfoundmyfatherwaitthere.HetookmetoahugeamusementparkIhaveneverbeento.Weboughtticketandentered.IwentdirecttothemainrollercoasterwhichIhadbeenhopingtorideitforyears.Itturnedouttobeagreatbirthday. 課時(shí)作業(yè)(十九) Ⅰ.A 【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了身勢語在不同的文化背景下,有不同的意義。如果不理解文化差異,很可能會(huì)造成誤會(huì),所以作者建議我們要理解文化差異。 1.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段以及第二段中的“Gesturemaymeansomethingcomplimentaryinoneculture,butishighlyoffensiveinanother.”可知,手勢在一種文化中可能意味著一些贊美,但在另一種文化中卻是無禮的。據(jù)此推斷,這個(gè)人的錯(cuò)誤在于他沒有意識(shí)到文化的差異。故選B項(xiàng)。 2.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“…butishighlyoffensiveinanother.”可知,同一種手勢在另一種文化中是無禮的。根據(jù)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可以推斷,“Gesturemaymeansomethingcomplimentaryinoneculture…”意思是手勢在一種文化中是表示敬意的。故complimentary意思是“贊美的,表示敬意的”。 3.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“AvoidusingthisgestureinSouthernSardinaorNorthernGreeceunlessyouwanttoinviteafight.”可知,在希臘北部,如果你對一個(gè)人伸出大拇指,他會(huì)很生氣,并且會(huì)和你打架。故選B項(xiàng)。 4.C　寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知,這篇文章主要講了身勢語在不同的文化背景下,有不同的意義。如果不了解文化差異,很可能會(huì)造成誤會(huì),所以作者建議我們要了解文化差異。故選C項(xiàng)。 B 【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要說明了對尖叫進(jìn)行的科學(xué)研究。 5.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第四句和對本段的整體理解可推知,本段主要講述的是尖叫的特征,故選B。 6.A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知,尖叫會(huì)讓人感覺不舒服,與畫線短語所在句呼應(yīng),故選A。 7.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可推知,許多人造聲音聽起來都很粗糙,故選A。 8.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可推知,這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)可以應(yīng)用于氣味檢測中,故選D。 Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要討論了不同文化中人們對遲到的不同看法。 1.while　考查連詞。該空的前一句說“我們中的一些人擅長提前計(jì)劃做事情”,后一句說“其他的人總是試圖在最后一刻趕時(shí)間做事情”,兩句話之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故填轉(zhuǎn)折連詞while。 2.were　考查虛擬語氣。句意:如果你上班遲到一分鐘,你會(huì)辭職嗎?本句是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,表達(dá)與將來事實(shí)相反的情況,應(yīng)采用“if+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式”的結(jié)構(gòu),故填were。 3.what　考查連接代詞。本句是表語從句,從句中缺少的成分是主語,這里的主語指代的是事情,所以用what。 4.scheduled　考查形容詞。在冠詞a和名詞question之間應(yīng)該用形容詞,故填schedule的形容詞形式scheduled,表示“預(yù)定的”。 5.tomake　考查動(dòng)詞不定式。trytodosth是固定搭配,意為“努力做某事”。 6.the　考查定冠詞。onthespot 是固定短語,意為“在現(xiàn)場,立刻”。句意:他并沒有像許多人那樣,試圖彌補(bǔ)失去的時(shí)間,而是當(dāng)場辭職。 7.wasrejected　考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:盡管他的辭呈被英國首相拒絕了。主語resignation和reject之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 8.as　考查介詞。句意:相比之下,其他的文化似乎認(rèn)為遲到是正常的事情。view…as…是固定搭配,意為“把……看作……”。 9.appointment(s)　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:如果你不介意等的話,最好及早去參加你的約會(huì)。形容詞性物主代詞后面應(yīng)該跟名詞。故填appointment(s)。 10.Better　考查形容詞比較級(jí)。“Betterlatethannever.”是一個(gè)英語諺語,意為“遲做總比不做好。” Ⅲ.Yesterdaywasmybirthday.Ialwaysspentaspecialdaywithmyfamily,theclosestoneswhoIcouldsharemyjoy the andhappiness∧with.WhenIwokeupinthemorning,Ifoundonthedeskwassomenewclothesandanotewhich were said, “Getdressingandcomeoutside.”Ididso,andbeforeIgotoutsideIfoundmyfatherwait dressedwhen/afterwaiting there.HetookmetoahugeamusementparkIhaveneverbeento.Weboughtticketandentered.Iwent hadtickets directtothemainrollercoasterwhichIhadbeenhopingtorideitforyears.Itturnedouttobeagreatbirthday. directly