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語(yǔ)法 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 一 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)概述語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式 用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系 英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)共有兩種 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式 一般說(shuō)來(lái) 只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗?duì)象的及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 漢語(yǔ)往往用 被 受 給 等詞來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義 2 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被字句 主語(yǔ) be 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 v ed bysb 我打他Ibeathim 打過(guò)了 他被我打Hewasbeatenbyme 他喜歡她Helikesher 她被他喜歡Sheislikedbyhim am is are 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)是由be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)決定的 be動(dòng)詞是什么時(shí)態(tài) 全句就是什么時(shí)態(tài) be動(dòng)詞后面的過(guò)去分詞不變 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法 WespeakEnglish 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Englishisspokenbyus 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓變主 主變賓 前加by動(dòng)變被 看清be 結(jié)構(gòu)分別be pp 1 2 3 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be的謂語(yǔ)形式總結(jié) 1 主 am is are 主 am is are being主 will be 主 hasbeen Heisaleader Heisbeinghere Hewillbealeader Hehasbeenaleader 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be的謂語(yǔ)形式總結(jié) 2 主 was were 主 was were being主 would be 主 hadbeen Hewasaleader Hewasbeingherejustnow Hewouldbealeader Hehadbeenaleaderseveralyearsago 各種時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) is am aredone一般將來(lái)時(shí) willbedone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) is am arebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have hasbeendone一般過(guò)去時(shí) was weredone過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) would shouldbedone過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) was werebeingdone過(guò)去完成時(shí) hadbeendone含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 be done 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 主 be 過(guò)去分詞 bysb 1 Heeatstheapple 2 Heatetheapple 3 Heiseatingtheapple 4 Hewaseatingtheapple 5 Hewilleattheapple 6 Hewouldeattheapple 7 Hehaseatentheapple 8 Hehadeatentheapple 1 Theappleiseatenbyhim 2 Theapplewaseatenbyhim 3 Theappleisbeingeatenbyhim 4 Theapplewasbeingeatenbyhim 5 Theapplewillbeeatenbyhim 6 Theapplewouldbeeatenbyhim 7 Theapplehasbeeneatenbyhim 8 Theapplehadbeeneatenbyhim 三 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 他兒子一定照顧這個(gè)人 Hissonmusttakecareoftheperson 這個(gè)人一定要由他兒子照顧 即這個(gè)人一定照顧由他兒子 Thepersonmustbetakencareofbyhisson 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí) 在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面直接加上be動(dòng)詞即可 構(gòu)成 主語(yǔ) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can may must be 永遠(yuǎn)是原形 過(guò)去分詞 bysb 1 Youmustdothisassoonaspossible 2 Icanuseit 3 Youshouldbuyadictionary 4 Theyneedlookafterthelittlechild 5 Wecanchangewaterintoice 1 Thismustbedoneassoonaspossible byyou 2 Itcanbeused 3 Adictionaryshouldbebought byyou 4 Thelittlechildneedbelookedafter bythem 5 Watercanbechangedintoice 沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況 1 所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之中 這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)如 takeplace 發(fā)生 happen 發(fā)生 die end vi 結(jié)束 fail lie cometruee g Thestoryhappenedin1990 e g Hisdreamhascometrue e g Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometownduringthepasttenyears 2 系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) be become fall feel get grow keep look seem smell sound taste Thepieceofmusicsoundsgood 聽(tīng)起來(lái)很好 Thecaketastesdelicious 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中幾個(gè)要注意的問(wèn)題 1 使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中 使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后都是接動(dòng)詞原形 而在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中需接動(dòng)詞不定式 e g Thegreatnewsmadeherfeelhappy shewasmadetofeelhappybythegreatnews Iheardhersinginherroomafewminutesago Shewasheardtosinginherroomafewminutesago 2 含有雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 有些雙賓動(dòng)詞 如buy give leave lend offer pay show teach tell等 在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí) 既可把間接賓語(yǔ) 指人 變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ) 而把直接賓語(yǔ) 指事物 保留下來(lái) 稱(chēng)為保留賓語(yǔ) 也可把直接賓語(yǔ) 指事物 變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ) 而把間接賓語(yǔ)改為介詞to或for引起的狀語(yǔ) 到底用to還是for 與所搭配的動(dòng)詞有關(guān) 比較 Hegavehersomemoney 他給她一些錢(qián) Shewasgivensomemoney Somemoneywasgiventohim Heboughtherawatch 他給她買(mǎi)了一快表 Awatchwasboughtforher Shewasboughtawatch 3 一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí) 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體 而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞 Helistenstotheradioeveryday Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse 基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)題 1 ThePeople sRepublicofChina onOctober1 1949 A foundB wasfoundedC isfoundedD wasfound 2 English inCanada A speaksB arespokenC isspeakingD isspoken 3 ThisEnglishsong bythegirlsafterclass A oftensingsB oftensangC isoftensangD isoftensung B D D 4 Thiskindofcar inJapan A makesB madeC ismakingD ismade 5Newcomputers allovertheworld A isusedB areusingC areusedD haveused 6 Ourroommust clean A keepB bekeptC tobekeptD tokeep D C B 7 Anewhouse atthecorneroftheroad A isbuildingB isbeingbuiltC beenbuiltD bebuilding 8 Thekey onthetablewhenIleave A wasleftB willbeleftC isleftD hasbeenleft 9 Hisnewbook nextmonth A willbepublishedB ispublishingC isbeingpublishedD hasbeenpublished B C A 10 Theflowers often A mustbewaterB mustbewateredC mustwateredD mustwater B 提高練習(xí)題 1 Theoldbridgeinmyhometown nextmonth A isgoingtoberebuiltB willrebuiltC aregoingtoberebuiltD aregoingtorebuilt2 Theplay atthetheatrenextSunday A isgoingtobeshownB willshownC willshowD isshown A A 3 Nowthesemagazines inthelibraryforalongtime A havekeptB arekeepingC havebeenkeepingD havebeenkept4 I dliketobuythatcoat I msorry A itsoldB it ssellingC It sbeensoldD ithadbeensold D C 5 Thesepapers yet A havenotwrittenB havenotbeenwrittenC hasnotwrittenD hasnotbeenwritten6 Thesportsmeet behelduntilnextweek A didn tB won tC isn tD doesn t7 Thebooksmay fortwoweeks A bekeptB beborrowedC keepD borrow B B A 8 Thebrokenbike herebyMrSmith A canmendB canmendedC canbemendD canbemended9 Tea inthesouthofChina 多 A growsB isgrownC weregrownD willgrow10 Oldpeoplemust A lookafterwellB belookedwellafterC lookedwellafterD belookedafterwell D B D 11 Newly bornbabies inhospital A aretakengoodcareB aretakengoodcareofC takegoodcareofD takegoodcare12 I fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot A amgivenB wasbeengivingC hadgivenD wasgiven13 Shewill goodcare A take ofB betaken ofC take foryouD betaken ofyou B D B 14 Theteachermadehim hishomework A todoB doC didD done15 Thesechildren dance A wereseentoB wereseenforC wereseenD sawto16 Thebike 500yuan A wascostB costedC costD iscosted B A C 17 Theimportantmeeting onacoldmorninglastyear A washadB washeldC heldD had18 Greatchanges inthepasttenyearsinChina A tookplacetoB havetakenplaceC weretakingplaceD hadtakenplace B D 19 Themedicine inadryandcoolplace A keepB mustkeepC mustbekeptD mustbekeep C 練習(xí)題 1 Somebody Jackphonedwhileyouwereout A tocallB callingC beingcalledD called2 Thesewalls stone A aremadeofB madeofC aremadeintoD madeinto3 Jane tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday A calledB wasaskedC toldD wassaid 4 Thecoat hersister A madetoB weremadeforC wasmadeforD wasmadeto5 Pleasepassmeanothercup Thisone A isbrokenB isbreakingC brokeD broken6 Theboy ismyfriend A isnamedJohnB nameJohnC namedJohnD arenamedJohn 7 Thestorybooks bythewriterinthe1960s A arewrittenB werewrittenC arewritingD werewriting8 Thefirsttextbook forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury A havewrittenB tobewrittenC beingwrittenD written 9 Pricesofdailygoods throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices A areboughtB boughtC beenboughtD buying10 Therepairscostalot butit smoneywell A tospendB spentC beingspentD spendingAnswers 1 5DABCA6 10CBDBB