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Unit 2 Working the land 一、刷黑板—— Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯(英譯漢) [第一屏聽寫] 1．statistic n．　　　　　　 數(shù)據；統(tǒng)計；統(tǒng)計數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計資料 2．sunburnt adj. 曬黑的 3．super adj. 特級的；超級的 4．output n. 產量；輸出 5．circulate vt.& vi. 循環(huán)；流傳 6．grain n. 谷物；糧食；顆粒 7．occupation n. 工作；職業(yè)；占領 8．personality n. 性格；個性；人格 9．chemical adj. 化學的；關于化學的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第二屏聽寫] 10．organic adj.　　 　 　 有機的；器官的；組織的 11．fertile adj. 肥沃的；富饒的 12．fertilizer n. 肥料；化肥 13．bacteria n．(bacterium的復數(shù)形式) 細菌 14．nutrition n. 營養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)；食物 15．pest n. 害蟲；害獸；害鳥 16．mineral n. 礦物；礦石 17．skim vt. 瀏覽；略讀 18．underline vt. 畫底線標出；強調 19．industrial adj. 工業(yè)的；產業(yè)的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第三屏聽寫] Ⅱ.高頻詞匯(漢譯英) 1．struggle vi.& n．　　　 斗爭；拼搏；努力 2．decade n. 十年；十年期 3．crop n. 莊稼；農作物；產量 4．hunger n. 饑餓；欲望 vt.& vi. (使)饑餓 5．disturbing adj. 引起煩惱的；令人不安的 6．expand vt.& vi. 使變大；伸展 7．battle n. 戰(zhàn)役；戰(zhàn)斗；較量；斗爭 vt.& vi. 搏斗；奮斗　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第四屏聽寫] 8．rid vt.　　　 　　　　　 擺脫；除去 9．freedom n. 自由；自主 10．therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而 11．equip vt.& vi. 配備；裝備 12．export vt.& vi. 輸出；出口 13．confuse vt. 使迷惑；使為難 14．regret vt. 遺憾；惋惜 n. 遺憾；懊悔 15．production n. 生產；制造　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第五屏聽寫] 16．discovery n．　　　　　 發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺 17．focus n. 焦點；中心點 vt. 集中；聚焦 18．soil n. 土壤 19．reduce vt. 減少；減縮 20．root n. 根；根源 21．summary n. 總結；摘要；概要 22．ment n. 評論；議論 vi.& vt. 表達意見；作出評論　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第六屏聽寫] 23．nationality n．　　　　　 國籍 24．thanks_to 幸虧；由于；因為 25．rid_...of 使……擺脫或除去 26．be_satisfied_with 對……感到滿意 27．would_rather 寧愿；寧可 28．build_up 逐漸增強；建立；開發(fā) 29．lead_to 導致；造成(后果) 30．focus_on 集中(注意力、精力等)于 31．keep_...free_from/of 使……免受(影響、傷害等)； 使……不含(有害物)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 二、刷清單—— (一)核心單詞 閱讀 單詞 1.statistic n．數(shù)據；統(tǒng)計；統(tǒng)計數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計資料 2．fertilizer n．　肥料；化肥 3．bacteria n. 細菌 4.nutrition n．　營養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)；食物 5．mineral n. 礦物；礦石 6．underline vt. 畫底線標出；強調 7.circulate vt.&vi.　循環(huán)；流傳 8．occupation n. 工作，職業(yè)；占領 9．output n. 產量；輸出 10．fertile adj. 肥沃的；富饒的 表 達 單 詞 1.struggle vi.&n.　　斗爭；拼搏；努力 2．decade n. 十年；十年期 3．therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而 4．rid vt. 擺脫；除去 5．export vt.&vi. 出口；輸出 6．focus n. 焦點；中心點 vt. 集中；聚焦 7．reduce vt. 減少；減縮 8．ment n. 評論；議論 vi.&vt. 表達意見；作出評論 9．expand vt.&vi. 使變大；伸展；擴大 10．battle n. 戰(zhàn)役；戰(zhàn)斗；較量；斗爭 vt.&vi. 搏斗；奮斗 [語境活用] 1．Health and environmental problems have increasingly bee the focus (焦點) of attention/concern. 2．Every year, India exports (出口) a lot of tea and cotton to many different countries. 3．Expanding (擴大) your knowledge by reading more books is a wise choice. 4．The reporter mented (作出評論) that the film Lost and Love was very moving. 5．The number of people suffering from heart disease will be greatly reduced (減少) if they are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables. 拓 展 單 詞 1.hunger n．饑餓；欲望vt.&vi.(使)饑餓→hungry adj.饑餓的；渴望得到的 2．freedom n．自由；自主→free adj.自由的 3．production n．生產；制造→produce vt.生產→producer n．生產者；制片人 4．discovery n．發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺→discover vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺→discoverer n．發(fā)現(xiàn)者 5．equip vt.&vi.配備；裝備→equipment n．設備(不可數(shù)) 6．confuse vt.使迷惑；使為難→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的 7．disturbing adj.引起煩惱的；令人不安的→disturbed adj.煩惱的；心神不安的→disturb vt.弄亂；打擾 8．nationality n．國籍→nation n．國家；民族→national adj.民族的 [語境活用] 1．He was really confused by the confusing problem which also confused other people for a long time.(confuse) 2．Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip) 3．Disturbing news came that the virus spread quickly, which made us rather disturbed.(disturb) 4．The discoverer of electricity was Franklin; like many discoveries,_it benefits us greatly.(discover) (二)常用短語 寫準記牢 語境活用(選用左欄短語填空) 1.thanks_to　　　　　　　　　幸虧；由于；因為 2．rid_..._of 使……擺脫或除去 3．be_satisfied_with 對……感到滿意 4．would_rather 寧愿；寧可 5．build_up 逐漸增強；建立；開發(fā) 6．lead_to 導致；造成(后果) 7．focus_on 集中(注意力、精力等)于 8．be_rich_in 盛產 9．keep_...free_from/of 使……免受(影響、傷害等)； 使……不含(有害物) 10．in_addition 另外 1.A deep breath and a balanced mind will help (to) rid you of the anxiety and nervousness. 2．To be mentally healthy, you need to build_up good relationships with each other. 3．We asked all our customers if they were_satisfied_with the service they had received. 4．Thanks_to these new treatments, people with high blood pressure can live a long and active life. 5．As we all know, too much work and too little rest often leads_to illness. (三)經典句式 原句背誦 句式解構 佳句仿寫 1.If so, what did you do to grow them? 如果是這樣的話，你怎樣來種植這些植物？ if so意為“如果是這樣的話”，是if引導的條件狀語從句的省略形式。 你贊同我推遲我們去云南的旅行嗎？如果贊同，請盡快寫信告訴我。(2014北京高考書面表達) Do you agree that I will put our visit to Yunnan off? If_so,_write back to tell me about it as soon as possible. 2.In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. 1973年，他成為世界上第一位種植高產水稻的農業(yè)先驅。 the first/last/best ... ＋n.＋to do sth.“第一個/最后一個/最好的一個……做某事的人/物”。 她總是第一個到辦公室最后一個離開，我猜這就是她那么快得到晉升的原因。 She is always the first person to_go_to_the_office_and_the_last_to_leave,_which I guess is why she gets promoted so quickly. 3.This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields. 這種特殊的稻種使得同樣的田地多收獲20%的產量。 “make it＋adj.＋動詞不定式”結構。 他的夢想是奧運會將使得各個國家和人民和平共處。 His dream was that the Olympic Games would make_it_possible_for_countries_and_people_to_live peacefully side by side. 4.He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他寧愿把時間花在自己的愛好上。 would rather (not) do sth.“寧愿(不)做……”。 現(xiàn)在越來越多的人寧愿不住在大城市里。 Nowadays more and more people would_rather_not_live_in_big_cities. (四)初中考點再回顧 高頻考查類——記熟 文化差異類——辨清 易忘易錯類——勤覽 1.late adj.　　　遲到的 2．lately adv. 最近 3．later adv. 后來 4．latest adj. 最新的 5．lantern n. 燈籠 6．lay out 布置 1.keep teenagers away from the Internet阻止青少年上網 2．lift sb. up 舉起某人 3．serious enough 足夠認真 4．at the picnic 在野餐 5．run through the field 跑過田野 1.some time　　　一段時間 2．some times 幾次 3．sometime adv. 某個時間(過去或將來) 4．sometimes adv. 有時 5．everyday adj. 日常的；每天的 6．every day 每天(時間狀語) 一、過重點單詞—— 1．struggle vi.& n．斗爭；拼搏；努力；掙扎 [經典例句]　Shes struggling to bring up a family on a very low ine. 她靠著微薄的收入艱難地供養(yǎng)一家人。 struggle for　　　　　　　　　 為爭取……而斗爭 struggle with/against sb./sth. 與……做斗爭 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 struggle to ones feet 掙扎著站起來 [多角練透] 單句語法填空 ①Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old, but she never gave up and struggled to_lead (lead) an active life. ②They had to struggle for their lives against weather and wild animals. ③To get an education, he was struggling against/with many difficulties. 補全句子 ④Bravely, Mary struggled_to_her_feet,_and fought against the wind and rain beating against her. 瑪麗勇敢地掙扎著站起來，同撲向她的暴風雨搏斗著。 2．equip vt.& vi.裝備；配備 [教材原句]　He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture. 因此，他資助幾百萬元供其他人進行農業(yè)研究。 (1)equip ...with ...　　　 用……裝備…… equip ...for sth. 為了……而裝備 be equipped to do sth. 配有做……的裝備(或條件) be well/poorly equipped 裝備精良的/較差的 (2)equipment n．[U] 裝備；設備 a piece of equipment 一件設備 [多角練透] 單句語法填空 ①Having equipped himself with necessary knowledge and skills, the young man went to the job market with much confidence. ②It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to_speak (speak)． ③As far as I know, he is_equipped (equip) with much experience in teaching. 單句改錯 ④We want our son to have a good education that will equip him with future life.with→for ⑤Equipping with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.Equipping→Equipped ⑥In addition, they spend money on fishing equipments, fuel and boat repairs. equipments→equipment 3．regret vt.可惜；后悔；遺憾；惋惜n.遺憾；懊悔 [高考佳句]　If we dont act now to protect the environment, well live to regret it.(2013全國卷Ⅰ單選) 如果我們現(xiàn)在不采取行動保護環(huán)境，將來我們會后悔的。 (1)regret 后悔做了某事 regret to say/tell/inform ...that ... 　　　　　　　　 遺憾地說/告知…… (2)with great regret 非常遺憾 to ones regret 令某人抱歉/遺憾的是 [多角練透] 單句語法填空 ①Li Ping did not regret giving/having_given (give) the ment but felt that she could have expressed it differently. ②I regret to_tell (tell) you that I cant travel to Beijing to get her with you at the appointed time. 句型轉換 ③Much to our regret, we will not be able to visit you next year. →To_our_great_regret,_we will not be able to visit you next year. 4．focus vt.集中；聚焦n.焦點；中心點 [高考佳句]　If we find those materials interesting, well focus our attention on them for long.(2013四川高考書面表達) 如果我們發(fā)現(xiàn)那些材料有趣，我們的注意力就會長時間集中在它們身上。 (1)focus on/upon　　　 集中(注意力、精力等)于 focus ones attention/eyes/energy on ... 集中注意力/目光/精力于…… (2)the focus of ... ……的焦點 [多角練透] 單句語法填空 ①To lead a happy life in the future, you should focus more on your career while you are young. ②With his attention focused (focus) on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him. ③With so many people focusing (focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous. 句型轉換 ④He focused his attention on urgent problems. He hardly has time to play games with you. →Having_focused_his_attention_on urgent problems，he hardly has time to play games with you.(分詞作狀語) [聯(lián)想發(fā)散]　表示“注意，集中精力于……”的短語還有：concentrate ones attention on; fix ones attention on; pay attention to等。 5．reduce vt.減少；減縮 [教材原句]　A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. 健康的土壤會減少病蟲害并且?guī)椭r作物茁壯成長。 reduce ... by ...　　　　 把……減少了…… reduce ... to ... 把……減少到……； 把……變?yōu)槟撤N狀態(tài) be reduced to 陷入某種境地；淪落為 [多角練透] 單句語法填空 ①If you want to lose weight, try to_reduce (reduce) the amount of fat in your diet. ②With great effort, she has reduced her weight by five kilograms in the past 7 days. ③It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed to forty kilometres an hour. 單句改錯 ④Believe it or not, the rich man should be reduced to beg for a living.beg→begging Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．Yuan Longping has been focusing on searching for a way to increase rice output. 2．Its disturbing (disturb) that I cant get along well with my new neighbor. 3．In some poor African areas, many children died of hunger (hungry) every year. 4．Without the help of the modern equipment (equip)，these experiments would not be performed smoothly. 5．The government calls on the public to go to work by bicycle instead of by car to_reduce (reduce) air pollution. 6．Id appreciate it if you can make helpful ments on/about my work. 7．His recent discoveries (discovery) have added to his reputation in the field of science. 8．I regret to_tell (tell) you that your problems are beyond my power. Youll have to turn to someone else, Im afraid. Ⅱ.單句改錯 1．Now the young man regrets waste so much time when he was at school.waste→wasting 2．Though he is young, he is struggle to support his family.struggle→struggling 3．If you stay out in the sun for a long time, you may get sunburn.sunburn→sunburnt 4．Several decade have passed since I graduated from the college.decade→decades 5．She has had much food high in fibre recently. However, she bees slim. However→Therefore 6．Confusing by the question, the boy turned to his teacher for further explanation. Confusing→Confused Ⅲ.根據提示詞補全句子 1．眾所周知，孩子是家庭的中心，承載著父母的希望。(focus) As is known to us, children are_the_focus_of_families,_shouldering the hope of their parents. 2．我們很遺憾地通知您，您的申請未通過。(regret) We regret_to_inform_you_that your application has not been successful. 3．這個年輕人發(fā)現(xiàn)很難讓老板滿意，于是離開了。(satisfy) The young man found_it_hard_to_satisfy his boss, so he left. 二、過短語、句式—— 1．build up逐漸增強；增強……的體質；建立；創(chuàng)辦；開發(fā)；積累 [教材原句]　These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time. 隨著時間的推移，食物中的這些化學成分會在人體中堆積。 [一詞多義]　寫出下列句中build up 的含義 ①Bears build up fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.積累 ②His confidence built up gradually as he gained more and more experience in teaching.逐漸增加 ③We should take part in sports and outdoor activities，which are really helpful to build up our body and enrich our school life.增強……的體質 ④Its said that she has built up a very successful business.建立；創(chuàng)辦 [歸納拓展] pick up　　　 撿起；(無意中)學會；接收；搭載 take up 拿起；開始；從事；占據 make up 虛構；彌補；組成 show up 出現(xiàn)；露面 選用以上短語填空 ⑤Therefore, lets take the responsibility to build_up a lowcarbon city by riding bicycles. ⑥It didnt take me long to pick_up the basic knowledge of the language. ⑦I must get rid of this large table; it takes_up too much room. ⑧There are more than two million farmers, making_up two thirds of the total population of the province. 2．lead to導致；造成(后果)；通向…… [教材原句]　Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. 很多化學成分能導致癌癥或其他疾病。 lead sb. to do sth.　　 使某人做某事 lead/live a ...life 過……樣的生活 lead the way 引路；帶路 [多角練透] 單句語法填空 ①The discovery of new evidence led to the thiefs being_caught (catch)． ②In class I will divide the students into small groups and lead them to_practise (practise) speaking English in an interesting way. ③Under the leadership of the local government, people there are leading a happy life. ④With a guide leading (lead) the way, we had no difficulty finding the village. 一句多譯 眾所周知，成功在于努力，然而懶惰導致失敗。 ⑤As we all know, success lies in hard work while_laziness_leads_to_failure. ⑥As we all know, success lies in hard work while_laziness_results_in_failure.(result) [名師指津]　lead to中的to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動詞ing形式。表示導致的短語還有：result in, contribute to等。 3．if條件狀語從句的省略形式 If_so,_what did you do to grow them? 如果是這樣的話，你怎樣來種植這些植物？ if so意為“如果是這樣的話”，表示肯定意義；如果表示否定意義，則用if not。 if ever　　　　　　　 如果有過/發(fā)生過的話 if any 如果有的話 if possible 如果有可能 if necessary 如果有必要 ①If_so,_please respond to me as quickly as possible. 如果是這樣的話，請盡快給我回信。 ②If_possible,_try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day. 如果可能的話，嘗試每天都在同一時間睡覺和起床。 ③The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if_ever,_reaching 30℃ in summer.(2014福建高考單選) 這里的氣候宜人，如果曾經有，在夏季氣溫極少達到30攝氏度。 4．would rather do sth. “寧愿做……” He would_much_rather_keep_time for his hobbies. 他寧愿把時間花在自己的愛好上。 would rather (not) do sth.意為“寧愿(不)做……”。 寧愿……(而)不愿……；與其……倒不如 單句改錯 ①We would rather our daughter stay at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.stay→stayed ②I would rather sleep all day than to play puter games for a long time.去掉to ③She would rather you e tomorrow than today.e→came 一句多譯 簡是一個文靜的女孩，她寧愿待在圖書館也不愿去看電影。 ④Jane is a quiet girl, who would rather stay (stay) in the library than go to see a movie. ⑤Jane is a quiet girl, who prefers to_stay (stay) in the library rather than go to see a movie. ⑥Jane is a quiet girl, who would stay (stay) in the library rather than go to see a movie. Ⅰ.選詞填空 lead to， thanks to， rid ... of， keep ... free from， be satisfied with 1．Thanks_to the support from the local government, they could rebuild their houses soon after the earthquake. 2．As is known to us, it is our activity that leads_to air pollution. 3．We should use new energy to keep our environment free_from being polluted. 4．All of us were_satisfied_with the perfect service of the restaurant after we had dinner there. 5．We cannot really learn anything until we rid ourselves of being too proud. Ⅱ.根據提示詞和相關要求補全句子 1．眾所周知，我們生活在所謂的信息時代。(what) As is known to us, we live in what_is_called_the_information_age. 2．你應該改掉那些可能損害你健康的壞習慣。(rid) You should get_rid_of_the_bad_habits that might damage your health. 3．大雨使我們更難按時到達那里。(make it＋adj.＋動詞不定式) The heavy rain made_it_harder_for_us_to_get_there on time. 4．當你情緒低落時，如果想一想美好的事情，就會沒有煩惱。(free) When you are in a bad mood, you will be_free_from/of_worry if you think of something nice. 5．鍛煉有助于我們增強體質，保持頭腦清醒。(build) Taking exercise helps_us_build_up_our_body and keep a clear mind. Ⅲ.一句多譯/句式升級 1．他們寧愿嘗試后不成功也不愿放棄這個計劃。 ①They_would_try_and_fail_rather_than_give_up_the_plan.(would do ... rather than do ...) ②They_prefer_to_try_and_fail_rather_than_give_up_the_plan.(prefer to do ... rather than do ...) ③They_would_rather_try_and_fail_than_give_up_the_plan.(would rather do ... than do ...) 2．趁著年輕我們應該努力學習，如果不這樣的話，遲早我們會后悔的。 ①We should study hard while we are young. If_we_dont_study_hard,_we will regret sooner or later. ②We should study hard while we are young. If_not,_we will regret sooner or later.(省略) 3．很多人去了紐約，使之成為美國最大的城市。 ①Many people moved to New York, which_made_it_the_largest_city in the USA.(定語從句) ②Many people moved to New York, making_it_the_largest_city in the USA.(分詞作狀語) 三、過語法、寫作—— (一)單元小語法——動詞ing形式作主語和賓語 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．Throwing (throw) waste into a river will cause the fish to die and the people who drink the water to get sick. 2．We visited other relatives the next day, who had prepared a lot of delicious food. At night, we all went to KTV and had a great time singing (sing) together. 3．I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working (work) with students. 4．As is known to us, its no use plaining (plain) without taking action. 5．Being_brought (bring) up in the countryside made Mr Wilson very hardworking when he was very young. Ⅱ.單句改錯 1．I like travelling and my dream of visit Beijing, the Capital city of our country, came true during the National Day holiday.visit→visiting 2．Before heard his answer, she started to read him almost every single greeting card out loud until the elderly man smiled.heard→hearing 3．All the children are looking forward to go to see the pandas there.go→going 4．Some people cant help persuading to buy what they dont need at all.persuading→being_persuaded 5．Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, which might not be served until 8 oclock.Have→Having (二)課堂微寫作練補寫——讓行文更條理 [題目要求] 為了讓同學們對有機農業(yè)有一個更充分的認識，你班英語興趣小組打算出一期以有機農業(yè)為主題的板報。假定你是組長，請你以“What are the benefits of organic farming？”為題為該板報寫一篇英語短文。詞數(shù)100左右。 [補寫提示]　請按下列提示線索補寫下列習作的中間段 What are the benefits of organic farming? Organic farming provides many benefits for farmers as well as consumers around the country.Here are the major benefits of organic farming. 保護環(huán)境，減少污染→有機食品有利于健康→降低農業(yè)生產成本，改善土壤健康，節(jié)省能源，減少莊稼歉收風險 Therefore, farmers should be encouraged to pursue organic farming practices for better crop growth and production. [答案示例] What are the benefits of organic farming? Organic farming provides many benefits for farmers as well as consumers around the country.Here are the major benefits of organic farming. Firstly, it aids farmers in keeping the environment healthy by reducing the level of pollution.Secondly, green food from organic farming, which is very rich in minerals, can help prevent and treat many kinds of diseases.Thirdly, it reduces the costs of agricultural production and also improves the soil health.Lastly, it not only saves energy for both animals and machines but also reduces the risk of crop failure. Therefore, farmers should be encouraged to pursue organic farming practices for better crop growth and production. Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A A couple of months ago, we were in a hurry to get somewhere, but it seemed that my 6yearold daughter had an instinctive (本能的) capacity to slow things down. In response I had bee impatient, frustrated and unkind. As I unloaded my apology, she said, “Mom, its OK. Youve never been a mom before. This is your first time. Youre just trying. Its OK.” Her response made me feel ashamed. She had been able to give me what I had refused to give her just moments before — mercy, understanding and sympathy. And I needed it. We all do. In fact, there may be nothing more needed today in our nation and munities. Its no wonder that former Westboro Baptist Church member Megan has transformed her idea. She spent 20 years representing her familys beliefs with messages of hate towards blacks, Jews and those who support abortion. When she finally started being able to engage in (參與) civil dialog with her “enemies”， she found that “people on the other side were not the ones I had been led to believe ...” Finally, she left the faith of her family. What surprised her most was the forgiveness and understanding she experienced from those who had been her former “enemies”． My experience with my daughter teaches me that the ability to engage “with the other”， to form a judgment, to avoid tough judg