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Unit 4　Pygmalion 【短文語(yǔ)法填空】 The origin of tea is lost among history and tales. What can be 1.___________ (rough) confirmed is that tea originated in the southwest of China. According to ancient stories, the first person 2.___________ (discover) the effects of tea is said to be Shennong—the father of agriculture and herbal 3.___________ (medical) in China. It 4.___________ (say) that Shennong once tried 72 different kinds of poisonous plants in a day and he lay on the ground, barely alive. At this moment, he noticed several rather fragrant leaves 5.___________ (drop) from the tree beside him. Out 6.___________ curiosity and habit, Shennong put the leaves into his mouth and chewed 7.___________ slowly. After a little while, he felt well and 8.___________ (energy) again. So he picked more leaves to eat 9.___________ thus cleared his body from poison. The ancient Chinese medical book called Shennong Bencaojing states that “Tea tastes bitter. Drinking it, one can think quicker, sleep 10.___________ (little), move more swiftly, and see more clearly.” This then was the earliest book to record the medicinal effects of tea. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文介紹了“茶”的起源。 1．roughly　解析：考查副詞。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。故填 roughly “粗略地”。 2．to discover　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。不定式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。故填 to discover。 3．medicine　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞 herbal “藥草的”修飾名詞。故填 medicine。herbal medicine 意為“草藥”。 4．is said　解析：考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，據(jù)說(shuō)神農(nóng)曾一天之內(nèi)嘗試了72種不同的有毒植物。It is said that意為“據(jù)說(shuō)……”。 5．dropping　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此時(shí)，他注意到幾片芳香的葉子正從他旁邊的樹(shù)上掉落下來(lái)。空處強(qiáng)調(diào)“正在掉落”，故用 drop 的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。 6．of　解析：考查介詞。短語(yǔ) out of curiosity 意為“出于好奇”。 7．them　解析：考查代詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可分析出，空處指代 and 前的leaves, 指咀嚼“它們”。故填 them。 8．energetic　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。感官動(dòng)詞felt 后應(yīng)用形容詞，故填 energetic。 9．a(chǎn)nd　解析：考查連詞。該空前后表示順承關(guān)系，故用and。 10．less　解析：考查比較級(jí)。此處與文中的“think quicker”和“move more swiftly, and see more clearly”為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，故填less。 hesitate vi.躊躇；猶豫；遲疑 (1) (2) ①(教材原句)A gentleman(G)passes and hesitates for a moment. 這時(shí)一位先生從這兒路過(guò)，他遲疑了片刻。 ②Do not hesitate to_laugh (laugh) at anything you find amusing. 只要覺(jué)得好笑就盡管笑。 ③She hesitates about the choice between the two dresses. 她不能決定選這兩件衣服中的哪一件。 condemn vt.譴責(zé)；使……注定 (1)condemn sb.as...把某人指責(zé)為…… condemn sb./sth.for...因……而譴責(zé)某人/某事 condemn sb.to do sth.判罰某人做某事；做……注定 condemn sb.to sth.迫使某人處于……境地；判處某人某種刑罰 condemn sb.to death 判某人死刑 (2)be condemned to do sth.迫使……接受(困境)，注定…… be condemned/sentenced to death 被判處死刑 ①(教材原句)Look at this girl with her terrible English：the English that will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days. 你瞧那個(gè)姑娘，英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得那樣糟糕：那一口英語(yǔ)使她注定要在貧民窟里待一輩子了。 ②Lack of skills condemned (condemn) her to live a poor life.Though she knew that society would condemn her for abandoning (abandon) her baby，she did so at last.The judge condemned her to one year in prison.But she expected to_be_condemned (condemn)to death. 缺乏技能注定了她要過(guò)著艱難的生活。盡管她知道社會(huì)會(huì)譴責(zé)她遺棄孩子，她還是做了。法官判處她一年徒刑，但她希望被判處死刑。 promise n．妥協(xié)；和解；折中v.妥協(xié)；讓步；放棄 (1) (2) ①(教材原句)(promises)OK，I’ll teach you. (提出折中辦法)好吧，我教你。 ②They were unwilling to promise with the leaders. 他們不愿與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)妥協(xié)。 ③In order to live in harmony，sometimes you need to make promises (promise)． 為了和諧地生活，有時(shí)你需要做出讓步。 fortune n．[U]成功；好運(yùn)，運(yùn)氣 [C]未來(lái)的命運(yùn)；運(yùn)道；前途；財(cái)富 (1)make a fortune 發(fā)財(cái) seek one’s fortune 外出找出路 try one’s fortune 碰運(yùn)氣 e into a fortune 繼承一大筆財(cái)產(chǎn) (2)fortunate adj.幸運(yùn)的 be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.幸運(yùn)地做某事 (3)fortunately adv.幸運(yùn)地 ①(教材原句)A fortune！That’ll help me，indeed it will. 一筆財(cái)富呀！這的確給我?guī)痛竺α?，真的? ②To make a fortune，she went to the south to_try (try) her fortune.Though she failed in business，she met a wealthy man.And，fortunately (fortune)，she came into a fortune.But unfortunately (fortune)，the man died in a car accident and she again had to depend on herself. 為了發(fā)財(cái)，她到南方來(lái)碰碰運(yùn)氣。雖然她在生意上失敗了，但她遇到了一個(gè)有錢(qián)人。并且，幸運(yùn)的是，她得到了一筆財(cái)產(chǎn)。然而不幸的是，這個(gè)男人在一次事故中遇難，她不得不重新依靠自己。 ③單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate (fortune) enough to have success, you should put something back. 【七選五】 Listening to others requires entering actively and imaginatively into the situation and trying to understand a frame of reference different from your own，and yet so many of us dont listen properly as we should.__1__ It means trying to see the problem the way the speaker sees it. Here are some ways to bee a better listener. __2__ Make sure you actually hear fully what your friend is saying，and you cant cut your friend off verbally carelessly.While you might intend to help move the conversation along，your friend might feel as if what he has said need to be continually talked over or sound anything but interesting. Nod to encourage the conversation along.A better option to let your friend know youre interested in what he says is just to nod along from time to time.Sometimes you nod along but then start thinking about something unrelated to what he could say.__3__ Tune out background noise.If youre easily distracted by laughter，glasses clinking，children crying，you might need to work extra hard to focus only on your friend.__4__ Dont hesitate to tell them that the background noises are getting in the way.If you cant focus，try moving to another area. No texting or looking at your phone！__5__ For you see，when youre sitting in front of someone，he is the most important person in your world at that moment. A．Practice silence when someone else is talking. B．If necessary，ask your friend to repeat himself. C．Listening is more than just sitting silently while someone else talks. D．Whoever is calling or texting can wait until youre done with your conversation. E．Questions you raise must clearly be motivated by curiosity about the speakers views. F．In this case, try to push away your thoughts until youre absorbed in what your friend is saying. G．Remembering ideas from previous conversations proves that your attention is kept and encourages your friend to continue. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了如何成為一位優(yōu)秀的傾聽(tīng)者。 難句分析：While you might intend to help move the conversation along，your friend might feel as if what he has said need to be continually talked over or sound anything but interesting.(第三段最后一句) 譯文：雖然或許你打算幫助讓談話(huà)繼續(xù)，但是你的朋友也許會(huì)感覺(jué)好像他所說(shuō)的要不斷地被討論或者聽(tīng)起來(lái)根本是無(wú)趣的。 詞匯積累：verbally adv.口頭上　option n．選擇　distract v．使分心 1．C　根據(jù)下一句“It means trying to see the problem the way the speaker sees it.”可知，C項(xiàng)“傾聽(tīng)不僅僅是別人講話(huà)時(shí)安靜地坐在那里”與下文聯(lián)系密切，且C項(xiàng)中的“Listening”與下一句中的“It”相照應(yīng)。故選C。 2．A　根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，本段主要說(shuō)明在別人講話(huà)時(shí)，不要打擾對(duì)方。A項(xiàng)“在別人講話(huà)時(shí)，練習(xí)沉默”能夠引起下文內(nèi)容，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 3．F　本段主要講述了在別人講話(huà)時(shí)，你應(yīng)不時(shí)地點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭，讓你的朋友知道你對(duì)他所說(shuō)的感興趣。所以當(dāng)你有時(shí)點(diǎn)頭卻心不在焉時(shí)，要趕快把注意力轉(zhuǎn)回到你朋友所說(shuō)的話(huà)中。故選F。 4．B　下文提到，要毫不猶豫地告訴你的朋友噪音妨礙了你，由此推斷出空格處應(yīng)指如果受到了噪音的妨礙，可以請(qǐng)求朋友重復(fù)一遍。故選B。 5．D　根據(jù)“No texting or looking at your phone！”可知，D項(xiàng)“無(wú)論誰(shuí)的電話(huà)或者短信都可以等到你的談話(huà)結(jié)束再回復(fù)”符合本段內(nèi)容。故選D。 generally speaking 一般來(lái)說(shuō) (1)honestly speaking 誠(chéng)實(shí)地說(shuō)來(lái) frankly speaking 坦率地說(shuō) strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō) broadly speaking 廣義地說(shuō) personally speaking 就我個(gè)人而言 scientifically speaking 從科學(xué)的角度來(lái)說(shuō) (2)in general 總的來(lái)說(shuō)；大體上 as a general rule 一般而言；在通常情況下 ①(教材原句)Generally speaking，people are more polite to those who they think are of a higher social class(H)and less polite to those they consider are members of a lower class(L)． 一般而言，人們對(duì)他們認(rèn)為是高層社會(huì)的人更有禮貌，對(duì)于他們認(rèn)為是低層社會(huì)的成員不太禮貌。 ②Frankly (frank) speaking，I don’t agree with you. 坦率地說(shuō)，我不贊成你。 ③Personally speaking (speak)，I have no objection to your leaving at once. 就我個(gè)人而言，我不反對(duì)你馬上就走。 in terms of...就……來(lái)說(shuō)；從……角度 in the long/short term 從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)/短期來(lái)看 in one’s terms 在某人看來(lái)；根據(jù)某人的觀(guān)點(diǎn) in any term 無(wú)論如何；在任何情況下 keep on good terms with sb.與某人保持友好關(guān)系 be on good/bad terms with...與……關(guān)系好/壞 e to terms with sb.和解；妥協(xié)；讓步 ①(教材原句)Correct all these sentences in terms of grammar，spelling，etc.，so that she can use them properly. 從語(yǔ)法、拼寫(xiě)等方面改正這些句子，好讓她恰當(dāng)使用。 ②Learning is not always easy，but it is always beneficial in the long term. 學(xué)習(xí)并不總是那么簡(jiǎn)單，但從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看它總是有益的。 ③(2016上海卷卷)Project managers evaluate the performance of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects，rather than the amount of time they spend on them. 項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理對(duì)小組成員表現(xiàn)的評(píng)價(jià)是從他們對(duì)項(xiàng)目的貢獻(xiàn)而不是花去的時(shí)間。 the other day 幾天前，前幾天，前些時(shí)候 the other day 幾天前(單獨(dú)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，用于過(guò)去時(shí)) some day (將來(lái))某一天(單獨(dú)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，一般用于將來(lái)時(shí)) one day 有朝一日，(過(guò)去)某一天(單獨(dú)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，既可表過(guò)去也可表將來(lái)) these days 如今(用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，尤用于拿現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去比較) in those days 在過(guò)去的日子里(用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)) day after day 日復(fù)一日(強(qiáng)調(diào)不變) day by day 一天天地(強(qiáng)調(diào)變化) ①This is the same book as I lost the other day. 這本書(shū)和我前幾天丟的那本一模一樣。 ②You’ll e to realize it one day. 總有一天你會(huì)意識(shí)到它。 ③Day by day his health improved. 他的健康狀況一天天地改善。 show...in帶或領(lǐng)……進(jìn)來(lái) (1)show sb.into 領(lǐng)著某人進(jìn)入 show sb.out 領(lǐng)某人出去 show sb.around/round 領(lǐng)某人參觀(guān)某地 show sb.to the door 送某人到門(mén)口 show off 炫耀；展示 show up 出現(xiàn)；來(lái)到某處 (2)on show 展出；展覽；在展出；被陳列著 ①(教材原句)Show her in，Mrs Pearce. 皮爾斯夫人，領(lǐng)她進(jìn)來(lái)。 ②The latest puters will be on show at the exhibition. 最新型的計(jì)算機(jī)將在展覽會(huì)上展出。 ③They showed (show) us around/round their school，showed off their advanced science lab and when all was finished they showed us to the school gate. 他們領(lǐng)著我們參觀(guān)了他們的學(xué)校，展示了他們先進(jìn)的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，所有的參觀(guān)任務(wù)完成后他們把我們送到學(xué)校大門(mén)口。 【短文改錯(cuò)】 Jinan is facing seriously traffic problems.Too much cars travel on the roads.This heavy traffic causes delays and the plenty of air pollution.Besides Jinan，many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the worse one.One of the reason why there is so much traffic is because only a small number of people use public transportation. In my opinion，one way to solve the traffic problems was to encourage people to make use public transportation systems.For example，people can take buses instead of drive cars.Meanwhile，the government should take measures to make them more reliable and convenient to travel by bus. 【答案】 Jinan is facing traffic problems.Too cars travel on the roads.This heavy traffic causes delays and plenty of air pollution.Besides Jinan，many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the one.One of the why there is so much traffic is only a small number of people use public transportation. In my opinion，one way to solve the traffic problems to encourage people to make use public transportation systems.For example，people can take buses instead of cars.Meanwhile，the government should take measures to make more reliable and convenient to travel by bus. 第一處：考查形容詞。此處修飾名詞短語(yǔ)“traffic problems”應(yīng)用形容詞。故seriously改為serious。 第二處：考查形容詞。此處修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)“cars”，應(yīng)用many，而 much 修飾不可數(shù)名詞。故much改為many。 第三處：考查固定搭配。plenty of是固定搭配，意為“許多，大量”，前面沒(méi)有the。故去掉the。 第四處：考查形容詞的比較等級(jí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指北京是交通問(wèn)題最嚴(yán)重的，應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級(jí)。故worse改為worst。 第五處：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。one of后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故reason改為reasons。 第六處：考查連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，且在句中不作任何成分，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)。故because改為that。 第七處：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。本篇文章主要以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主，且主語(yǔ)“one way”是單數(shù)。故was改為is。 第八處：考查固定搭配。make use of為固定搭配，意為“利用”。故在use后加of。 第九處：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。instead of后應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞。故drive改為driving。 第十處：考查代詞。此處使用了“make it＋形容詞＋ to do sth.”的結(jié)構(gòu)，其中it是形式賓語(yǔ)。故them改為it。 Will that be_of_any_use to you? 那對(duì)你有用嗎？ (1)介詞of后面接表抽象意義的名詞，如value，use，help，importance，significance等，相當(dāng)于該名詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞，該名詞前面可以用表程度的詞加以修飾，如little，no，great，much，some等。 (2)介詞of后面還可接一些表示人或物屬性的名詞，如size，color，height，length，age，shape，quality等，用來(lái)描述人或事物的屬性，在句中作表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)。 ①The book will be very valuable (value)to students of history. ＝The book will be of great value to students of history. 這本書(shū)對(duì)學(xué)歷史的學(xué)生將很有用。 ②The two rooms are the same in size. ＝The two rooms are of the same size. 這兩個(gè)房間大小一樣。 ③She and I are (be)(of)the same age. 她和我同齡。 【閱讀理解】 For the growing number of Chinese heading west to work and study, theres plenty they find surprising. Upon arrival in the West, many Chinese find they have to firstly put on the brakes. Li Yifeng, raised in northern China and now based in England, agrees.“The only thing Chinese people would be shocked by in Britain is how long it takes to do things，” he says. “For instance in China if you want to open a bank account, you dont wait, you just do it at the counter.” Outofhours and weekend work is standard in China, but in Britain, the weekend is for family and friends. Jack Chen, who left his homeland 12 years ago and is now a lawyer in Belgium says office politics are simpler in Europe, partly because the hierarchy (等級(jí)制度) is less rigid than in China, where the boss really is the boss and social class in the office is very obvious and important. As a result, staff in a Chinese pany think very carefully about how to present their views and ideas. Employees in the West can share their opinions more freely. In China you should have the wisdom to say something in an appropriate way. But in Europe you can just say what you want. The newest Chinese arrivals have a very different view to previous generations, according to Sharon Jin, who moved to the US 20 years ago and is now an American citizen. “Almost 100% of people of my generation who came to the States want to get a green card，” she says. “But today younger Chinese plan to work for 10 years here and then return to China to buy a house or look after their parents.” While a record number of 523,700 students left China to study elsewhere in 2015, roughly 70%～80% of students abroad have been returning in recent years because of the attractive job market at home, according to the Chinese Ministry of Education (CME)． 【文章大意】　以前，中國(guó)人去國(guó)外都想獲得綠卡，而現(xiàn)在他們計(jì)劃在國(guó)外工作十年以后，再回來(lái)買(mǎi)房或照顧父母。 【難句分析】Jack Chen, who left his homeland 12 years ago and is now a lawyer in Belgium says office politics are simpler in Europe, partly because the hierarchy(等級(jí)制度) is less rigid than in China，where the boss really is the boss and social class in the office is very obvious and important.(第二段第一句) 分析：本句含有who和where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句以及because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 譯文：十二年前離開(kāi)了他的祖國(guó)現(xiàn)在在比利時(shí)是一名律師的Jack Chen說(shuō)，辦公室政治在歐洲比較簡(jiǎn)單，一部分是因?yàn)樵谀抢锏燃?jí)制度沒(méi)有在中國(guó)嚴(yán)格，在中國(guó)老板就是老板，在辦公室的社會(huì)地位是明顯且重要的。 1．What do many Chinese find surprising while in Britain? A．That they drive faster than the drivers in Britain. B．That they can open a bank account at any time. C．That working extra hours in Britain is very mon. D．That working pace in Britain is less fast than at home. 答案與解析：D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段的“Upon arrival in the West, many Chinese find they have to firstly put on the brakes.”以及下面的例子可知，put on the brakes本意為“剎車(chē)”，用在這里表示“放慢速度”，故選D。 2．It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that ________. A．Jack Chen has been a lawyer in Belgium for 12 years B．employees in the West show less respect for their boss. C．Chinese employees are cautious when presenting ideas D．people in Europe express themselves in a modest way 答案與解析：C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段的“In China you should have the wisdom to say something in an appropriate way”可知，在中國(guó)員工發(fā)表意見(jiàn)時(shí)要謹(jǐn)慎。 3．According to CME, most students return to China because ________. A．its hard for them to get a green card B．its easy for them to buy a house at home C．they will have to look after their parents D．there are more job opportunities in China 答案與解析：D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段的“roughly 70%～80% of students abroad have been returning in recent years because of the attractive job market at home”可知，大多數(shù)學(xué)生選擇回國(guó)發(fā)展是因?yàn)閲?guó)內(nèi)有更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。 4．How does the writer organize the text? A．By interviewing students abroad. B．By paring the differences. C．By discussing some facts. D．By listing some figures. 答案與解析：B　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)每個(gè)段落對(duì)比的一些差異可知，應(yīng)選B。