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Unit1 Living well Ⅰ.閱讀理解 Whenit??sfiveo??clock,peopleleavetheiroffice.Thelengthoftheworkday,formanyworkers,isdefinedbytime.Theyleavewhentheclockstellthemtheycouldgo. Thesedays,thetimeiseverywhere:notjustonclocksorwatches,butoncellphonesandcomputers.Thatmaybeabadthing,particularlyatwork.Newresearchshowsthatclock-basedworkscheduleshindercreativity. Clock-timersorganizetheirdaybyblocksofminutesandhours.Forexample:ameetingfrom9amto10am,researchfrom10amtonoon,etc.Ontheotherhand,task-timershavealistofthingstheywanttoaccomplish.Theyworkaccordingtothelist,andeachtaskstartswhentheprevioustaskiscompleted.Itissaidthatallofusemployamixofboththesetypesofplanning. What,then,aretheeffectsofthinkingabouttimeinthesedifferentways?Doesonemakeusmoreproductive?Betteratthetasksathand?Happier?InexperimentsconductedbyTamarAvnetandAnne-LaureSellier,theyhadparticipantsorganizedifferentactivitiesfromprojectplanning,holidayshopping,toyoga—bytimeorto-dolisttomeasurehowtheyperformedunder “clocktime” vs “tasktime”.Theyfoundclock-timerstobemoreefficient(有效率的)butlesshappybecausetheyfeltlittlecontrolovertheirlives.Task-timersarehappierandmorecreative,butlessproductive.Theytendtoenjoythemomentwhensomethinggoodishappening,andseizeopportunitiesthatcomeup. Theresearchersarguethattask-basedorganizingtendstobeundervaluedandunder-supportedinthebusinessculture.Thismightbeasmallchangetothewayweviewworkandtheoffice,buttheresearchersarguethatitchallengesawidespreadcharacteristicoftheeconomy.Whilemostpeoplewillstillprobablyneed,tosomeextent,clock-timers,task-basedtimingshouldbeusedwhenperformingajobthatrequiresmorecreativity.It??llmakethosetaskseasier,andthetask-doerswillbehappier. 1.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheclock-basedwork? A.Itmakesworkersverytired. B.Itremindsworkerstoleaveontime. C.Itmakesworkersawareoftheprecioustime. D.Itmayhaveabadeffectonthecreativity. 2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword “hinder” inParagraph2mean? A.Block. B.Consider. C.Increase. D.Value. 3.WhatdidTamarAvnetandAnne-LaureSellierfindintheirexperimentsaboutclocktimers? A.Theyseizeopportunitiesastheycomeup. B.Theyalwaysgettheirworkdoneintime. C.Theytendtobemoreproductive. D.Theycancontroltheirlives. 4.Whatdotheresearcherssuggest? A.Task-basedtimingispreferredfordoingcreativework. B.Itisimportanttokeepabalancebetweenworkandlife. C.Performingcreativejobstendstomakeworkershappier. D.Ascientificstandardshouldbeadoptedinjobevaluation. Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Livingwithotherpeoplecanbedifficult,especiallywhenpeoplehavetheirownideasabouthowtheywanttolive.　1　.Takingafewsimplestepswillhelpyoushareyourlivingspaceharmoniously. Discussyourexpectationsaheadoftime. 　2　.Thisappliestofinances,food,possessions,theuseofcommonareas,loudactivitiesorparties,quiethoursandsoon. Divideupresponsibilities. Makeaplantodivideupresponsibilitiesandchores(家常雜務(wù))betweenyouandyourroom-mate.Forexample,ifyourroom-mateisagoodcookandyouarenot,　3　.Itmayalsobeagoodideatosetupachoresschedule,whereyouwilltaketurnscleaningthebathroom,takingoutthetrashandsoon. 　4　. Noteveryonehasthesameideasaboutday-to-daylivingasyoudo.Takeyourroom-mate??sfeelingsintoconsideration.Forinstance,ifyou??redyingtothrowapartyonThursdaynightbutyourroom-matehasafinalearlythenextmorning,agreetopostponethepartytillFridayeveninginstead. Communicateeffectively. Communicationiskeyinmakingtherelationshipwork.Ifaproblemcomesup,it??sbettertotalkaboutitrightawaythantoignoreit.Forexample,say “Chris,itupsetsmewhenIwakeuptofindallthemilkgone.Ifyouusethelastofsomething,canyoupleaseaddittothelist?”Ifyousimplycannotcommunicateopenlyandthereistensionallthetime,　5　. A.Bepreparedtocompromise B.Createaroom-mateagreementonInternetuse C.askhimorhertocookifyou??llcleanupafterwards D.youmayaswellfindanewroom-mate E.Talkaboutwhateachofyouneedsandwantsfromtheotherinadvance F.Peoplemayhavedifferentreligiousorpoliticalviewsthatcouldcauseconflict G.Thoughhavingaroom-matecanbechallenging,itcanalsobeenjoyableandfun Ⅲ.完形填空 Eventhoughweareprobablynotawareofit,onourpaththroughlife,wearesettinggoalsallthetime.However,manythingswillnotonlydependonhowfirmlywesetagoal,buthow　1　weactinachievingit. Astoryshowshowsmartactingcanturnaseemingly　2　crisis(危機(jī))intoa(n)　3　.DuringRoosevelt??sthirdcampaignforpresident,millionsoffolderswiththepresident??scampaignspeechwere　4　.PeoplewhohadnochancetoseeandhearRooseveltlivewouldbeableto　5　it,hopefullylikeitand　6　him.Ofcourse,Roosevelt??spicturewasonthefrontpage.Too　7　noonehadnoticedthatunderthepicturewasatinybut　8　name,GeorgeMoffett,whohadtakenthepicture. Bylaw,Moffettwouldhavehadtobeaskedfortherightto　9　thispicture.Asthecampaignmanagershad　10　todoso,thechoiceslookedhard:eithertoburnthemillionsoffolders,　11　losingthecampaign,andpaythehighpricetoprintnewfolderswitha　12　picture,oraskMoffettforbelatedpermission.Bothchoicesseemed　13　.Whatcouldtheydo? ItwasthecampaignbossGeorgePerkinswho　14　thetables.HesentatelegramtoMoffettwithagreat　15　tellinghimthatMrRoosevelt??scampaignteamwasplanningtoprintmillionsoffolderswithMrRoosevelt??s　16　.Itwouldforsurebeagreat　17　forthephoto-studiotouseapicturetakenbyMoffett.Howmuchwouldhebewillingto　18　forusingit? Moffettsaidhewouldpay$250.Roosevelt??scampaignboss　19　.So,ahardproblemwassolvedwisely.The　20　?Thinkofthingsindifferentways. 1.A.quickly B.carefully C.bravely D.wisely 2.A.national B.terrible C.immediate D.personal 3.A.game B.challenge C.change D.opportunity 4.A.designed B.collected C.printed D.ruined 5.A.read B.admire C.watch D.keep 6.A.waitfor B.workfor C.votefor D.standfor 7.A.bad B.late C.hard D.strange 8.A.obvious B.important C.wonderful D.frightening 9.A.use B.draw C.shoot D.show 10.A.decided B.refused C.failed D.regretted 11.A.enjoying B.risking C.finishing D.considering 12.A.popular B.clear C.common D.different 13.A.expensive B.possible C.amusing D.helpful 14.A.set B.turned C.cleaned D.booked 15.A.letter B.plan C.offer D.success 16.A.name B.story C.report D.image 17.A.advertisement B.management C.achievement D.development 18.A.ask B.save C.pay D.charge 19.A.accepted B.ignored C.argued D.admitted 20.A.power B.excuse C.result D.key 課時作業(yè)(三十一) Ⅰ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了兩種不同的工作計(jì)時方式的優(yōu)劣。 1.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Thatmaybeabadthing,particularlyatwork.”可知,作者認(rèn)為以時間為基礎(chǔ)的工作對工作的創(chuàng)造性有破壞性影響,與本段最后一句“Newresearchshowsthatclock-basedworkscheduleshindercreativity.”呼應(yīng),故選D。 2.A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Thatmaybeabadthing,particularlyatwork.”可推知,既然有壞的影響,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知以時間為基礎(chǔ)的工作方式阻礙了人們在工作中的創(chuàng)造性,故選A。 3.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Theyfoundclock-timerstobemoreefficient(有效率的)butlesshappybecausetheyfeltlittlecontrolovertheirlives.”可知,TamarAvnet 和 Anne-LaureSellier的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,clock-timers更有效率,故選C。 4.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Whilemostpeoplewillstillprobablyneed,tosomeextent,clock-timers,task-basedtimingshouldbeusedwhenperformingajobthatrequiresmorecreativity.”可知,在做更有創(chuàng)造性的工作時,以任務(wù)為基礎(chǔ)的計(jì)時方式更好些,故選A。 Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了和室友和諧相處的方法和策略。 1.G　承接下文“Takingafewsimplestepswillhelpyoushareyourlivingspaceharmoniously.”可推知,盡管和他人同住一屋是充滿挑戰(zhàn)性的,但是和諧相處也是有可能的,所以選G選項(xiàng)。 2.E　與本段主題句“Discussyourexpectationsaheadoftime.”呼應(yīng)可推知,作者在此建議面對室友要開誠布公,提前講出自己對他人的要求,所以選E選項(xiàng)。 3.C　承接上文“Forexample,ifyourroom-mateisagoodcookandyouarenot…” 并與本段的主題句“Divideupresponsibilities.”呼應(yīng)可推知,應(yīng)該做好分工,故選C選項(xiàng)。 4.A　承接下文“Noteveryonehasthesameideasaboutday-to-daylivingasyoudo.”并結(jié)合本段所列舉的例子可推知,同在一個屋檐下,有的時候要考慮對方的感受,學(xué)會商量和妥協(xié),所以選A選項(xiàng)。 5.D　承接上文“Ifyousimplycannotcommunicateopenlyandthereistensionallthetime…”可推知,此處作者提出了應(yīng)對問題的新建議,與本文“如何與室友和諧相處”的主題呼應(yīng),所以選D選項(xiàng)。 Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇記敘文,主要通過美國前總統(tǒng)羅斯福競選活動中發(fā)生的故事說明了一道理:要實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)有時需要有隨機(jī)應(yīng)變、處理突發(fā)事件的能力。 1.D　根據(jù)下文“Astoryshowshowsmartactingcanturnaseemingly…crisis(危機(jī))intoa(n) …”可知,此處指巧妙地應(yīng)對,與下文“So,ahardproblemwassolvedwisely.”呼應(yīng),故選D。quickly迅速地;carefully小心地;bravely勇敢地;wisely聰明地,智慧地。 2.B　根據(jù)下文所講的競選故事可知,如果處理不當(dāng),有可能需要花費(fèi)巨額的資金,即當(dāng)時的情況確實(shí)很糟糕,這與語境中crisis呼應(yīng),故選B。national國家的;terrible可怕的;immediate立刻,馬上;personal個人的。 3.D　根據(jù)下文“So,ahardproblemwassolvedwisely.”可知,巧妙應(yīng)對,危機(jī)會變成良機(jī),故選D。game游戲;challenge挑戰(zhàn);change變化;opportunity機(jī)會。 4.C　根據(jù)下文“…MrRoosevelt??scampaignteamwasplanningtoprintmillionsoffolders…”可知,宣傳頁已經(jīng)印刷,故選C。design設(shè)計(jì);collect收集;print印刷;ruin毀掉。 5.A　宣傳頁可以讓那些沒機(jī)會在現(xiàn)場看到并聆聽羅斯福演講的選民可以讀到他的演講,故選A。read閱讀;admire欽佩;watch觀看;keep保持。 6.C　根據(jù)語境hopefullylikeit可知,選民可能會喜歡羅斯福的演講,進(jìn)而投票選舉他,故選C。waitfor等待;workfor為……而工作;votefor投票;standfor代表。 7.A　根據(jù)下文事態(tài)的進(jìn)展可知,糟糕的是,沒人注意到照片下方還有名字,故選A。bad壞的;late晚的,遲的;hard艱難的;strange奇怪的,陌生的。 8.B　根據(jù)下文“Bylaw,Moffettwouldhavehadtobeaskedfortherightto…thispicture.”可知,攝影師的授權(quán)很重要,所以這個名字雖小,但相當(dāng)重要(important),故選B。obvious明顯的;important重要的;wonderful極好的,精彩的;frightening令人害怕的。 9.A　根據(jù)語境bylaw和right可知,要使用照片,得經(jīng)過攝影師授權(quán),故選A。use使用;draw拉,畫;shoot射擊;show展示,顯示。 10.C　根據(jù)語境“…thechoiceslookedhard…”可推知,競選經(jīng)理們未能獲得攝影師的授權(quán),故選C。decide決定;refuse拒絕;fail失敗;regret后悔。 11.B　冒著競選失敗的危險(xiǎn)。故選B。enjoy喜歡,享受;risk冒險(xiǎn);finish完成;consider考慮,認(rèn)為。 12.D　根據(jù)語境printnewfolders可知,一種選擇就是冒著競選失敗的危險(xiǎn),換另一張不同的照片,支付昂貴的印刷費(fèi)用去重新印刷宣傳頁,故選D。popular流行;clear清楚的;common共同的;different不同的。 13.A　根據(jù)上文“…paythehighprice…”可知,這些選擇的代價都很高昂,故選A。expensive昂貴的;possible可能的;amusing搞笑的;helpful有幫助的。 14.B　根據(jù)下文GeorgePerkins力挽狂瀾,扭轉(zhuǎn)不利局勢的做法可知,他扭轉(zhuǎn)了局面,故選B。turnthetables意為 “扭轉(zhuǎn)局面”。set設(shè)置;turn轉(zhuǎn)動;clean打掃;book預(yù)訂。 15.C　GeorgePerkins告訴攝影師他可以借羅斯福的競選來做廣告宣傳自己,這是一個很有價值的提議,故選C。letter信,字母;plan計(jì)劃;offer主動提議;success成功。 16.D　根據(jù)下文的“…useapicture…”可知,宣傳頁上要印羅斯福的照片,故選D。name名字;story故事;report報(bào)道;image形象,畫像。 17.A　大量的宣傳頁被印刷,本身就是一種宣傳和廣告效應(yīng),故選A。advertisement廣告;management管理;achievement成就;development發(fā)展。 18.C　根據(jù)下文“Moffettsaidhewouldpay$250.”可知,GeorgePerkins告訴Moffett這是一個非常好的廣告機(jī)會,并問Moffett他愿出價多少,故選C。ask問;save節(jié)省,拯救;pay支付;charge收費(fèi)。 19.A　根據(jù)上文可知,Moffett答應(yīng)出250美元,GeorgePerkins表示接受,這樣難題也就解決了,故選A。accept接受;ignore忽略;argue爭論;admit承認(rèn)。 20.D　根據(jù)上文的小故事可知,難題得到解決的關(guān)鍵是換一個角度思考問題,故選D。power力量,權(quán)力;excuse借口;result結(jié)果;key鑰匙,關(guān)鍵。