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閱讀理解題型突破(二)　推理判斷題 (A卷) (加彩的題目為推理判斷題，本卷限時22分鐘) A (2018金麗衢十二校聯(lián)考)Harry Potter lovers around the world may want to thank Alice Newton.She was eight years old when her father brought home a manuscript for her to read.At the time, he was working for Bloomsbury Publishing. After reading the manuscript, Alice wrote a note to her father: “The excitement in this book made me feel warm inside，” she wrote.“I think it is probably one of the best books an 8 or 9yearold could read.” Based on part of Alice’s ments, Bloomsbury went on to publish Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. Alice’s note to her father is part of the British Library’s new exhibition, “Harry Potter: A History of Magic.” It celebrates the 20th anniversary of the publication of J．K.Rowling’s first book about Harry and his friends at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. When Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone was released in 1997, Bloomsbury sent just 500 copies to stores in Britain and another 500 copies to British libraries. Now, Harry and his friends are known worldwide. The exhibit at the British Library in February includes Rowling’s outline for her books, her artwork of its characters and a map of the Hogwarts School.It also includes early versions of Rowling’s books that were rejected by other publishers. The show has two rooms.They are divided up based on the subjects offered at Hogwarts.Areas include Potions, Herbology, Care of Magical Creatures and Defense Against the Dark Arts. Each area describes the stories and beliefs that Rowling included in her books. Included in the exhibition are discussions of alchemy, the European traditions that led to modern chemistry, and the Ripley Scroll — a sixmeterlong document from the 1500s.It describes how to make a Philosopher’s Stone. The British Library has already sold about 30,000 tickets to the exhibit — the most advance tickets ever sold for a British Library exhibition. The show closes on February 28.It will then travel to New York for the 20th anniversary of the release of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, the book’s title in the United States. 語篇解讀：多虧了Alice寫給她父親的便條，羅琳的書才能得以出版，現(xiàn)在這張便條也在大英圖書館最新展覽“哈利波特的非凡歷史”中展出，一起展出的還有其他哈利波特迷們關(guān)注的東西，本次展出大受哈利波特迷們的歡迎。 1．Why does the writer mention Alice Newton at the beginning of the text? A．To prove the popularity of the following paragraphs. B．To introduce the topic of the following paragraphs. C．To remind readers to love books as Alice Newton does. D．To encourage readers to read Harry Potter series more often. 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容尤其是第一句“Alice’s note to her father is part of the British Library’s new exhibition，‘Harry Potter: A History of Magic.’”可知，Alice寫給他父親的條子也在這次展覽之列，所以作者用這個故事來引入本文的主題就是來介紹這次展覽，故答案選B。 2．Which is NOT included in the British Library’s new exhibition, “Harry Potter: A History of Magic.”？ A．Rowling’s outline for her books. B．A map of the Hogwarts School. C．Rowling’s early published books. D．The very note to her father by Alice. 解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段中“It also includes early versions of Rowling’s books that were rejected by other publishers.”可知，答案選C。 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Thanks to Alice and her father, Harry Potter series gained popularity. B．As soon as the first Harry Potter was available, it became the best seller. C．The exhibition of Harry Potter: A History of Magic will last two months in Britain. D．The exhibition will include discussions about modern chemistry. 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一至六段內(nèi)容可知，多虧了Alice和她父親，Rowling的作品才得以出版，最后獲得了成功。故答案選A。 B (2018湖衢麗三地市上學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測) One day my two sons and I got into my old car to drive to the local post office.I backed out of my drive slowly like I normally do and then pulled to a stop at the side road that leads to the main highway.When it was clear I pulled out and stepped on the gas.As I stepped on the clutch (離合器) and tried to shift into second, though, I immediately knew that something was wrong.The normally solid gear shift (檔位桿) now felt like a spoon in a bowl of soup.I tried quickly to get it to lock into any of the gears but did not succeed.Thankfully, the steering wheel (方向盤) was still working fine and I allowed the car to go to the end of the side road where I was able to pull safely into a wide spot and turn the engine off. It was only later in the day that I finally realized how blessed I had been.I could have been on the main road when that stick shift failed.I could have been in the middle of a curve with no place to turn off the road.I could have had a car too close behind me that wouldn’t have been able to stop in time.A hundred things could have made this incident dangerous or deadly.Yet, the gear shift broke at just the right moment to keep me and my boys safe. Far too often we only see the bad things in life.We get angry when things don’t go our way, and we fail to see the thousands of times that they do.Yes, my car broke down.Still, my sons and I are safe.We are loved.And we have been given more time here in this world to share our own love and light. 語篇解讀：有一天，作者開車帶兩個兒子去郵局，突然車子在掛擋的時候出現(xiàn)了問題，幸好當(dāng)時還沒上主路，有足夠的空間可以讓車慢慢停下來，由此作者感嘆，有時我們只看到事情糟糕的那面，但其實，我們應(yīng)該感恩，事情沒有朝最壞的方向發(fā)展。 4．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．The clutch.　　　　　　 B．The gear shift. C．The spoon. D．The car. 解析：選B　代詞指代題。根據(jù)第一段“The normally solid gear shift (檔位桿) now felt like a spoon in a bowl of soup.I tried quickly to get it to lock into any of the gears but did not succeed.”可知，作者在開車的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)檔位出了問題，她想把檔位掛進任何一檔都沒成功，此處的it指的就是檔位桿。故答案選B。 5．How did the writer stop the car at last? A．By turning the engine off quickly. B．By turning to a local garage for help. C．By removing the steering wheel away. D．By letting it slow down to stop naturally. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Thankfully, the steering wheel (方向盤)．.. spot and turn the engine off.”可知，幸好方向盤還能操作良好，所以作者就讓車自行慢慢地行駛到支路安全寬闊地帶停下來，然后關(guān)閉發(fā)動機。故答案選D。 6．The driver’s thoughts in Paragraph 2 imply that ________. A．they were lucky enough to be safe B．the car needed to be repaired well C．the driver was good at driving a broken car D．it was important to find a suitable place to park 解析：選A　推理判斷題。作者在第二段用了多個虛擬語氣句子來表達他們的幸運，要是碰上其中任何一個不好的情況，都有可能發(fā)生車禍。故答案選A。 7．By writing the story, the writer expected us to ________. A．be careful in our driving B．ignore the bad things in our life C．share our love with others in time D．find a bless even from a bad situation 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的最后一段，作者用自己的例子告訴大家，很多時候我們只看到事情糟糕的一面，但其實有些時候，我們沒有注意到，事情可能會變得更糟。因此我們要感恩，事情并沒有朝最壞的方向發(fā)展。故答案選D。 C (2018湖衢麗三地市上學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測) Are you a crazy selfietaker (自拍客)? You are at risk of developing “selfie elbow (肘)” which is slowly being a real medical condition.Like tennis elbow or golf elbow, an addiction to selfietaking can cause a pain in your elbow, according to a report. In a recent case, Hoda Kotb, an awardwinning journalist and show host of NBC’s Today, went to a doctor, plaining of pain in her elbow.“I went to the doctor and he said, ‘a(chǎn)re you playing tennis or ping pong？’ I told him I was taking selfies.” Kotb said. “When you take the picture, your arm is up, bent in a strange way and you just click, click, click — think about how many you take: 20, 30, or 40.Selfie elbow, everyone has it，” added Kotb. Her doctor remended icing her elbow and certain exercises to help relieve the soreness.“Basically, the connection between technology and human body sometimes causes injuries，” Jordan Metzl, a sports medicine physician, said in a newspaper.“You get selfie elbow from taking too many selfies, as you put too much stress on the muscle and it hurts the area where the muscle es off the bone and you get this inflammatory (發(fā)炎的) response，” Metzl added. The condition can be treated by taking pain relievers like Advil or Motrin for the inflammation and putting on some ice as well as extending the muscles. “For those who are dedicated selfietakers, using a selfie stick can work like an arm extender and take the pressure off the elbow，” suggested Charles Kim, a specialist at NYU Langone Medical Center in the US. 語篇解讀：隨著越來越多的人喜歡自拍，自拍肘成為一種新的疾病。本文解釋了為什么會出現(xiàn)自拍肘，以及在自拍的時候怎樣做才能避免自拍肘。 8．The first paragraph implies that selfie elbow is ________. A．a(chǎn) severe disease B．a(chǎn) rare phenomenon C．a(chǎn) tough medical problem D．a(chǎn) matter of life and death 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的內(nèi)容可知，隨著自拍客越來越多，自拍肘慢慢地成為一種醫(yī)療癥狀，它會帶來肘部的疼痛。雖然不嚴(yán)重，但卻很難受。故答案選C。 9．An addicted selfietaker has a selfie elbow because he/she ________ when taking selfies. A．breaks the elbow bone B．gives too much pressure to the arm C．doesn’t care about his/her elbow D．stands still for too long 解析：選B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“You get selfie elbow from taking too many selfies ... the bone and you get this inflammatory (發(fā)炎的) response”可知，得自拍肘的原因主要是你給肌肉太多的壓力，傷害到了關(guān)節(jié)和肌肉相連的部位。故答案選B。 10．According to Charles Kim, we can reduce selfie elbow by ________. A．using a selfie stick B．putting some ice on it C．extending the body muscle D．taking some sleeping pills 解析：選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，Charles Kim直接給出建議，自拍用自拍桿可以避免自拍肘的出現(xiàn)。故答案選A。 閱讀理解題型突破(二)　推理判斷題 (B卷) (加彩的題目為推理判斷題，本卷限時22分鐘) A When she was a little girl, Margarita Engle spent her summers in Cuba, where she says she fell in love with nature. Engle, 66, was born to a Cuban mother and an American father. Her annual visits to the Caribbean island from her home in California shaped her life and inspired her to bee a poet and writer. The Poetry Foundation recently named her as Young People’s Poet Laureate, a role Engle plans to use to encourage children and teenagers to write down their feelings. Magic happens when you put your emotions (情感) in writing, she said. Engle says she has always liked poetry. At age 6, she wrote her first poem about nature. After looking around while taking a walk one day in California, she wrote a rhymed poem about the shapes of hills. As a teen, she wrote sonnets (十四行詩) about nature and stories about people in Cuba. Some of her books explore the island, its people, markets and landmarks. Her new picture book, “All the Way to Havana，” features American cars from the 1940s and 1950s. “Forest World”， a new novel, introduces Edver to readers, an 11yearold who lives in Miami, Florida, with his mother and is shipped off to Cuba to see his birthplace and meet his Cuban family. When he arrives in Havana, the capital, he learns he has an older sister, Luza, who stayed on the island with her father and grandfather. The two go on an adventure into a Cuban forest. “The emotions of the characters are similar to what many children feel when they are separated from loved ones，” Engle said. She hopes that people facing similar challenges can find support and fort in poetry. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Engle童年時每年往返于古巴和美國，這讓她親近自然，并激發(fā)了她的創(chuàng)作熱情，最終成為一位知名的詩人兼作家。 1．We can learn from the text that young Engle probably ________. A．enjoyed indoor games B．found inspiration in nature C．liked exploring cities in Florida D．made friends with Cuban people 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容和第四段中的“At age 6, she wrote her first poem about nature ... she wrote sonnets (十四行詩) about nature”可知，兒時的Engle愛上了大自然，還寫了關(guān)于大自然的詩，因此她從自然中獲得了創(chuàng)作靈感，故選B。 2．What is TRUE about “Forest World”？ A．It is a new picture book. B．It is based on a reallife event. C．It talks about an adventure story. D．It describes family ties between countries. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段提到的小說“Forest World”的內(nèi)容可知，該書描寫的是Edver離開美國佛羅里達州前往古巴哈瓦那探親的故事，揭示的是分隔在兩個國家的家庭親情，故選D。 3．What does Engle stress in the last paragraph? A．The frequent changes of emotions. B．The challenges in writing poems. C．The separations from family members. D．The links between life and literature. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，Engle認為無論是在作品中還是在現(xiàn)實中，孩子離別親人時心底迸發(fā)的情感有相似之處，她希望面臨這種處境的人能從詩歌中尋覓到支持和慰藉。故Engle在此強調(diào)生活與文學(xué)作品的聯(lián)系。 B (2018金華十校模擬)Are you planning to go to university？What do you think your responsibilities will be in the first few weeks？If you go to university in Chile, there will be something extra you must do before you can begin. An important part of starting university in Chile is the mechoneo.The mechoneo is an ancient university tradition.Students beginning their first year at university are “weled” by the older university students.They are taken to a place like a swimming pool filled with horrible things such as old fruit, vegetables, meat and fish.They have to do games and challenges for a whole day, which may include some really revolting things like kissing a dead fish! The “queen mechona” and “king mechona” are chosen that day.This will be based on how well the students do the activities, and many students try hard to be the king or queen for the year. The older students then take away the younger students’ things (their backpacks, money, phones, etc.) and tell them they must go out onto the street and ask people for money.They will need to bring back a certain amount of money (e.g.around 20 dollars per person) in order to be given their things back.This money is then used to have a wele party in the night time. During the month of March it is mon to see new university students all around the town wearing dirty clothes and covered in paint and mess.But the mechoneo is increasingly a source of debate.Some students see it as an important tradition and a unique experience that can help new arrivals get to know everyone while others find it shameful.There have been campaigns to ban or soften it and student organizations in some universities have voted to end the mechoneo pletely. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了智利大學(xué)里的一個傳統(tǒng)——mechoneo。 4．Why does the author ask two questions at the beginning of the text? A．To clarify responsibilities. B．To present an argument. C．To introduce the topic. D．To show some doubts. 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“If you go to university in Chile, there will be something extra you must do before you can begin.”以及下文的內(nèi)容可知，文章開頭提出兩個問題是為了引出新生周這個話題。 5．What does the underlined word “revolting” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Unpleasant.　　　　　 B．Meaningful. C．Exciting. D．Dangerous. 解析：選A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容尤其畫線詞后的“l(fā)ike kissing a dead fish”可知，老生會讓新生做一些令人作嘔的事情，與A項意思最為接近。 6．What’s the older students’ special way of weling new arrivals in Chile? A．Hold a big party for them. B．Ask them for money. C．Make a fool of them. D．Debate with them. 解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段和第四段的內(nèi)容可知，在新生周，新生常會被老生以各種方式捉弄。 7．What can be concluded from the last paragraph? A．The mechoneo is a good tradition worth spreading. B．As a matter of fact, not everyone likes the mechoneo. C．New students get to know each other by the mechoneo. D．It is natural for the mechoneo to be banned in colleges. 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“But the mechoneo is increasingly a source of debate. Some ...while others find it shameful.”可知，對于新生周這個校園傳統(tǒng)并非每個人都贊同。 C (2018稽陽聯(lián)考)Recently, a word foxi — or “Buddhist” — is sweeping the Internet, which encourages young people to remain calm and peaceful and avoid conflict as much as possible — in other words, to live like a Buddha. The phrase was reportedly created in Japan in 2014 to describe young men who no longer bother to start relationships with women or follow someone else’s life path.They prefer to stay in their own peaceful world without being disturbed and care little about passion and success. Now, Chinese Internet users are pairing the phrase with other words to describe a similar mindset.For example, “Buddhist students” are those who study just the right amount — they don’t cut class, but they don’t burn the midnight oil, either.There are also “Buddhist parents”， who interfere little with their children’s lives and let them develop however they like — the opposite of “helicopter parents”． In this fastchanging and petitive world, it’s only natural that people are seeking a spiritual anchor. However, some would pare foxi with “demotivational culture” — a phrase that describes young people who feel aimless and powerless.They say that foxi actually reflects the reality that young people are losing their will to fight.They are pretending to keep a healthy and wise attitude toward failure simply because they’re incapable of succeeding. But no matter what, there is one thing that “Buddhist youngsters” should keep in mind.You want to keep a calm mindset regarding failure, but you should also be passionate and positive about school, work and life. 語篇解讀：最近，佛系文化走紅，它鼓勵年輕人心態(tài)平和，盡量避免沖突，但同時也應(yīng)該對課業(yè)、工作與生活充滿熱情，積極面對。 8．Which group was the word “Buddhist” originally created to describe in Japan? A．Those young men who feel aimless and powerless. B．Those young men who are incapable of succeeding. C．Those young men who care little about passion and success. D．Those young men who are pletely cut off from the outside. 解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，佛系在日本最初是用來描述那些更喜歡待在自己平靜的小世界里而不被打擾，對激情和成功也沒多大興趣的年輕人。故答案選C。 9．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．Buddhist parents don’t care for their children at all. B．Buddhist students are always staying up late to study. C．“Buddhist” refers to those who prefer to follow someone else’s path. D．Helicopter parents involve themselves too much in their children’s life. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“There are also ‘Buddhist parents’， who interfere little with their children’s lives and let them develop however they like — the opposite of ‘helicopter parents’．”可知，佛系家長不會過多干涉孩子的生活，讓他們自由發(fā)展，而直升機父母正好相反。故答案選D。 10．Which of the following statements might the author most likely agree with? A．Young people are encouraged to live like a Buddha. B．One should stay calm and be optimistic in the face of failure. C．Young people today are actually losing their will to fight. D．To study just the right amount is a wise choice for a student. 解析：選B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段作者建議有一件事“佛系青年”應(yīng)當(dāng)銘記在心：面對失敗要保持冷靜，但同時也應(yīng)該對學(xué)業(yè)、工作與生活充滿熱情，積極面對。故答案選B。 閱讀理解題型突破(二)　推理判斷題 (C卷) (加彩的題目為推理判斷題，本卷限時22分鐘) A (2018嘉興4月模擬)When I was a kid in the 1960s, my parents had a country store in the small town of Frankfort, Maine.No neighboring houses could be seen from our place, and new salesmen were always amazed at the amount of business we did.Dad’s motto was, “We sell everything.” If he didn’t have something in store, he would pick it up for customers on his weekly trip to Bangor. One time Dad was in Bangor getting shoes for someone at a shoe factory, he saw big boxes full of shoes and asked about them.They were the mates (一雙鞋中的一只) to faulty shoes that had been thrown away.He looked through the boxes and realized that there were usable brandnew shoes in them.He offered the manager five cents a shoe. Dad made the deal and got the manager to reserve any future boxes for him. Of course Mom, his business partner, was more practical, and her first reaction was, “But what are you going to do with them？” Dad bought an old school bus.He cleaned it up, removed the seats and placed big containers down both sites of the aisle (通道)．When all was ready, the whole family helped to put the shoes in place.At first, it looked like we had plenty of room on the bus, but Dad kept bringing home more boxes. There was no sign on the Shoe Bus.The only advertising Dad did was to place a piece of paper beside the store exit that read “Shoes $1 a pair.” When folks asked about the deal, they learned it wasn’t that easy because they had to find their own pairs.The attraction was a bination of getting a good deal on a quality pair of shoes and the thrill of the hunt. To this day I still run into people who talk about the fun they had searching for pairs in Dad’s Shoe Bus. 語篇解讀：作者的父親在一次為顧客去鞋廠采購鞋子時發(fā)現(xiàn)，鞋廠里有成箱的落單鞋子要處理，父親靈機一動，用極低的價格買下，并辦了鞋子巴士供顧客挑選采購，變廢為寶。 1．The author’s parents ran their store well because ________. A．they always had enough supplies in store B．they won the great support of new salesmen C．they opened it in a very crowded neighborhood D．they did all they could to meet their customers’ need 解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Dad’s motto was, ‘We sell everything.’ If he didn’t have something in store, he would pick it up for customers on his weekly trip to Bangor.”可知，父親的商業(yè)信條是“你要什么，我會盡量去幫你去大地方采購過來，即滿足顧客的需要”。故答案選D。 2．Why did the customers think it fun shopping in the Shoe Bus? A．There were free bus rides offered to them. B．They could receive better customer service. C．They