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Unit5 The power of nature Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A Ahurricaneapproacheswhenthewindgoesinthecounterclockwise(逆時針)directionatsealevelaccompaniedbyanon-stopthunderstorm.Butwhenthewindstartsblowingatmorethan74milesperhour,thentheoccurringsituationisregardedasahurricane.Whenthespeedofthewindcrosses110milesperhour,thehurricanecancauseseveredamagetolifeandproperty. Severalweatherdatareportsareobservedandanalysedtotracktropicalstorms.Butwhenstormsarebuildingup,satelliteimagesareusedtodetermineitslocation,strength,andprogressoverthefollowingfivedays.Generally,ahurricanewarningisannounced48hoursbeforeitmakeslandfall. Approximately3to4daysbeforehurricanelandfall,thesurfaceoftheseawillseeaconsiderablewaveof3to6feet.Thewaveswillstriketheshoreaboutevery9seconds.Thetidegetsreallyroughbefore24hours,owingtothespeedofthewindwhichcanreacharoundabout34milesperhour. Seventy-twohoursbeforelandfall,theatmosphericpressureisstable.Thepressurebeginstofall,36hoursbeforelandfall.Whenthehurricaneis12hoursaway,thestrongforcewindcarriesalongloosedebris(殘骸)withit.Asthehurricaneapproaches,andisjust6hoursaway,thewindspeedcrosses90milesperhour. Seventy-twohoursbeforelandfall,theskyisdottedwithcumulus(積云).Thecirruscloudsarevisibleinthesky,only36hoursbeforelandfall.Peoplelivinginlow-lyingareasarenowaskedtoleavetheirplaces.Eighteenhoursbeforelandfall,itbeginstopour.Therainsareheavyandcontinuoustillthehurricanestops.Thedarkcloudswhichareallsettobringheavydownpourcanbeseen12hoursbeforelandfall. 1.Accordingtothepassage,anapproachinghurricane　　　　. A.leadstoextraordinarylossesifthewindblowsat74milesperhour B.shouldbeobservedandannouncedfivedaysbeforeitmakeslandfall C.canbeconfirmedbyjustanalysingweatherdatareportsoftropicalstorms D.startsiftheseawindkeepsblowinginacertaindirectionwithathunderstorm 2.Thethirdparagraphismainlyaboutthehurricanewarningsignsofthe　　　　. A.sea B.wind C.cloud D.rain 3.Whatcanbeobserved72hoursbeforelandfall? A.Therainstartstopour. B.Thetidebecomesreallytough. C.Cumulusappearsinthesky. D.Thewindblowsat34milesperhour. 4.Wecaninferthatpeopleinlow-lyingareasshouldmovefromtheirplaceswhen　　　　. A.theatmosphericpressurebeginstofall B.wavesstriketheshoreevery9seconds C.thedarkcloudsbringheavydownpour D.loosedebrisfliesoutwithstrongwinds B TheIslandRuleisoneofthebestexplanationsscientistscouldgivetotheobservablephenomenonthatanimalsandhumanshaveevolved(進化)dependingontheresourcesavailableintheirhabitats(棲息地).Throughtime,scientistshavenoticedthroughfossil(化石)recordsthatsomelargeanimalsfrommainlandhabitatshavedwarf(矮小的)versionsinblandhabitats. AreportfromBBCdescribedtheexistenceofwhatscientistscall “hobbitisland” ofasmallislandsomewhereinIndonesia.Itwasgivensuchanamebecausefossilrecordsoftiny,human-likecreatureshavebeenfoundintheregion. “Hobbits” areonlyastallasonemetreandaresmallversionsofearlyhumanspecieswithtinierbrains. Thoughscientistscannotperfectlytracetheoriginofthe “HomoFloresiensis”,theybelievethattheyarehumanrelatives,butitisthe “islandlife” thathascausedthemtoevolveastheyhave.Scientistshavenoticedthroughfossilrecordsandexistingorganisms(有機體)todaythatitseemsthatlargeanimalsgrowsmallinsmallerislandswhilesmallanimalsgrowlargeinlargerislands. Intheory,animalandhumanbodieshaveadjustedtotheavailablefoodandfreshwaterintheirhabitats.Sincethereisnoopportunityforthemtoleavetheirisland,theymightaswelladapt. NewYorkexplainedthatislandsusuallyhavefewerpredators(捕食者)thanmainlandecosystems.However,itisthelackofresourcesthatcausesthedeathofmanyanimals.Asameansofnaturaladaptation,thebodiesoftheseanimalshaveevolvedsmallerthantheirancestors,makingtheirbodiesrequirefewerresources. AreportfromWebEcoistlisteddownafewexamplesofanimalsthathaveshrunksignificantlycomparedwiththeirancestors.SomeoftheseincludeBalitigersassmallasleopards(豹). 5.Howdidthename “hobbitisland” comefrom? A.Scientistsdiscovereddwarfpeoplelivingontheisland. B.Onemetretallhumanbeingmadealivingontheseislands. C.Scientistsfoundhumanspecieswithtinierbrainsonanisland. D.Evidencesshowingtiny,human-likecreaturesontheislandwerefound. 6.Whatdoyouknowabout “Hobbits”? A.TheyusedtoonlylivesomewhereinIndonesia. B.Theyweretheearliestancestorsofhumanbeings. C.Theylooksmallercomparedwithnormalhumans. D.Theygraduallygrewlargeronlargerislands. 7.AccordingtoNewYork,　　　　. A.animalsonislandslackenoughfoodtoliveon B.manyanimalsdiedofffornoapparentreason C.toomanypredatorswilldodamagetotheecosystem D.predatorsmakeislandanimalsturnsmaller 8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext? A.Morepredatorscanhelpanimalsgrowstrongerandlarger. B.Balitigersturnsmallbecauseoftheiradaptationtotheenvironment. C.Morefoodresourcesshouldbeprovidedtoislands. D.Animalsonthemainlandarefiercerthanthoseonislands. Ⅱ.語法填空 閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 In1978,Iwas10yearsoldandlivedinCalcutta,acityofEastIndiawithmyfamily.Icouldnotforget1.　　　　yearasthiscityfacedadisaster.AheavyfloodinGangesriverpreventedthepeople2.　　　　(live)thenormalcitylife. Atthattime,ourschoolremainedclosed.OneofmyschoolfriendsSandhyausedtostayinSubhasNagar,3.　　　　wassituatedinalittle4.　　　　(low)areaacrosstherailwayline.Thearea5.　　　　(cover)withwater,andjustthenmyfriend??sgrandfatherbecamesick.Theoutercityconnectionwiththisareawascut6.　　　　,somyfriend??sfathercrossedthewaterypathwiththehelpofbamboo-basedboatinordertocalladoctor.Goingouttoattendhospital7.　　　　(be)impossiblefortheagedgrandfather,becauseitrainedheavilyand8.　　　　(end),andnodoctordaredtovisittheareaatthatmoment.Finallymyfriend??sfatherbuiltatenttypedshadeontheboatand9.　　　　(take)myfriend??sgrandfathertothehospital. Ifwearedeterminedandhavegreatconfidenceinour10.　　　　(able),wecanovercomeanyobstacletoreachourgoals. Ⅲ.短文改錯 LastSundaythestormstruckthevillagewheremygrandparentsusedtoliving.Thestormhaddestroyedtwentyhouses,thirteenofwhichwerebaddamaged.Theothershadeitherbrokenwindowsortornroof.Overtwohundredpersonswerekilled.Afewwereseriouslyinjuredandtaketohospital.Aboutsixhundredpeoplewerehomelessbecausethestorm. MrGreensaid, “Thestormbeganataboutsevenintheevening.IwaswatchingTVwithmyfamilywhileweheardaloudnoise.Severalminuteslater,ourhousefelldownandcoveredus.Ittookusalongtimeafterwemanagedtoclimbout,butIfoundoneofhiskidswasmissing,soIwentbackinsideandfoundhersafeandsound.” Ⅳ.書面表達 假定你是李華,從網(wǎng)上得知你的美國朋友Phil的家鄉(xiāng)遭受龍卷風(tornado)襲擊。請你寫封郵件安慰他。內(nèi)容包括: 1.說明情況; 2.詢問災情,表示安慰。 注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右; 2.可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。 課時作業(yè)(三十) Ⅰ.A 【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文,主要對颶風這種天氣現(xiàn)象做了簡要介紹。 1.D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Ahurricaneapproacheswhenthewindgoesinthecounterclockwise(逆時針)directionatsealevelaccompaniedbyanon-stopthunderstorm.”可知,當風在海平面上朝著特定的方向吹,并伴有雷電的時候,颶風也就來臨了,故選D。 2.A　段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段的整體內(nèi)容可推知,本段主要講述的是颶風即將來臨時大海的一些跡象,故選A。 3.C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Seventy-twohoursbeforelandfall,theskyisdottedwithcumulus(積云).”可知,在此期間,可以觀察到積云,故選C。 4.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段前兩句“Seventy-twohoursbeforelandfall,theatmosphericpressureisstable.Thepressurebeginstofall,36hoursbeforelandfall.”及最后一段中的第二句和第三句可知,大氣壓變低意味著颶風馬上要來,因此在這時地處低位置的人就要撤離,故選A。 B 【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文。通過這篇文章我們了解到“島上的規(guī)則”是科學家們能給出的動物和人類進化的最好的解釋之一,人類和動物的進化取決于其棲息地上所能利用的資源。 5.D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Itwasgivensuchanamebecausefossilrecordsoftiny,human-likecreatureshavebeenfoundintheregion.”可知選D。 6.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“‘Hobbits’ areonlyastallasonemetreandaresmallversionsofearlyhumanspecieswithtinierbrains.”可知,與正常的人類相比,Hobbits看起來較小,故選C。 7.A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“However,itisthelackofresourcesthatcausesthedeathofmanyanimals.”可知,島上的動物缺乏足夠的食物,故選A。 8.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Asameansofnaturaladaptation,thebodiesoftheseanimalshaveevolvedsmallerthantheirancestors,makingtheirbodiesrequirefewerresources.”和最后一段可知,巴厘虎因要適應環(huán)境而變小,故選B。 Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇記敘文,講述了1978年在印度東部的城市Calcutta發(fā)生的洪災情況,以及在此期間作者的朋友家里發(fā)生的事情。 1.the　考查冠詞。句意:我不會忘記這一年,因為這個城市經(jīng)歷了一場災難。此處特指這一年,故填the。 2.living　考查固定詞組。一場洪水阻止了人們過正常的城市生活。preventsb(from)doingsth是固定詞組,意為“阻止某人做某事”,故填living。 3.which　考查定語從句。此句是非限制性定語從句,先行詞SubhasNagar指的是地點,后面的定語從句中缺少主語,故用which引導定語從句。 4.lower　考查形容詞比較級。它坐落在地勢更低的地方。alittle修飾形容詞比較級,故填lower。 5.wascovered　考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。這個地區(qū)被水覆蓋。由句意可知用被動語態(tài),事情發(fā)生在過去,故用一般過去時。becoveredwith意為“被……覆蓋”。 6.off　考查固定詞組。外界與這個地區(qū)的聯(lián)系被切斷了。cutoff是固定詞組,意為“切斷,中斷”。 7.was　考查主謂一致和動詞的時態(tài)。主語goingouttoattendhospital是動名詞,動名詞作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,且句子的時態(tài)是一般過去時,故填was。 8.endlessly　考查副詞。此處指大雨在無休止地下著。修飾動詞要用副詞,故填endlessly表示“無止境地,無休止地”。 9.took　考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:最后我朋友的父親在船上建了一個帳篷似的遮蔽處并帶我朋友的爺爺去醫(yī)院。此處and連接兩個并列謂語,動詞用一般過去時,故填took。 10.abilities　考查詞性轉換。句意:如果我們有決心并對自己的能力充滿信心,我們就可以克服任何障礙,實現(xiàn)我們的目標。our是形容詞性物主代詞,修飾名詞,根據(jù)句意可知用名詞復數(shù)abilities。 Ⅲ.LastSundaythestormstruckthevillagewheremygrandparentsusedtoliving.Thestormhaddestroyedtwenty alive houses,thirteenofwhichwerebaddamaged.Theothershadeitherbrokenwindowsortornroof.Overtwohundred badlyroofs personswerekilled.Afewwereseriouslyinjuredandtaketohospital.Aboutsixhundredpeoplewerehomeless taken because∧ofthestorm. MrGreensaid, “Thestormbeganataboutsevenintheevening.IwaswatchingTVwithmyfamilywhilewe when heardaloudnoise.Severalminuteslater,ourhousefelldownandcoveredus.Ittookusalongtimeafterwe before managedtoclimbout,butIfoundoneofhiskidswasmissing,soIwentbackinsideandfoundhersafeandsound.” my Ⅳ.Onepossibleversion: DearPhil, I??msorrytolearnaboutfromtheInternetthatyourhometownwasstruckbythetornadothedaybeforeyesterday.Accordingtothevideoofthereport,thetornadowassostrongthatitbroughtaboutalotoflosses.Manyhousesweredestroyedandworsestill,manypeoplewereinjuredandsomeevendied. Seeingthedisaster,Ihavebeenworriedaboutyouandyourfamily.I??manxioustoknowyourpresentsituations.Pleasetellmewhatyouexperiencedthesedays.Iknowthathelphasalreadyarrived.Ihopethateverythingisallrightforyou! I??mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou! Yours, LiHua