純電動(dòng)汽車電控調(diào)速系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)【論文、開題、翻譯、任務(wù)書】,論文、開題、翻譯、任務(wù)書,電動(dòng)汽車,調(diào)速,系統(tǒng),設(shè)計(jì),論文,開題,翻譯,任務(wù)書 學(xué)生姓名 班級(jí) 指導(dǎo)教師 論文（設(shè)計(jì)）題目 純電動(dòng)汽車電控調(diào)速系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 目前已完成任務(wù) 1. 電動(dòng)汽車電機(jī)的選型； 2. 電動(dòng)汽車調(diào)速控制方式； 3. 電動(dòng)汽車制動(dòng)； 4. 已完成部分論文撰寫 是否符合任務(wù)書要求進(jìn)度：符合要求 尚需完成的任務(wù) 1. 電路圖的改進(jìn)與完善； 2. 程序編寫與調(diào)試； 3. 電動(dòng)汽車安防與報(bào)警； 4. 論文的整理； 能否按期完成論文（設(shè)計(jì)）：能 存在問(wèn)題和解決辦法 存 在 問(wèn) 題 1. 硬件電路抗干擾設(shè)計(jì)考慮不足，需進(jìn)行改進(jìn)； 2. 硬件電路沒有預(yù)留擴(kuò)展接口，需擴(kuò)展； 擬 采 取 的 辦 法 1.聯(lián)系無(wú)刷電機(jī)廠商了解控制方式； 2.找指導(dǎo)老師，向老師詳細(xì)請(qǐng)教不明白的地方； 3.平時(shí)對(duì)理論知識(shí)加深理解； 4.與同學(xué)互相討論，解決心中疑難； 5.統(tǒng)計(jì)優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化電路。 指導(dǎo)教師簽 字 日期 年 月 日 教學(xué)院長(zhǎng)（系主任）意 見 負(fù)責(zé)人簽字： 年 月 日 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）中期進(jìn)展情況檢查表 Based on monolithic integrated circuit automobile security alarm system design Abstract: Decodes the automobile security system using them on litchis integrated circuit interior resources realization jump code, it each time uses the remote control password all is changing, both enhanced the system security, and greatly reduced the cost. Keyword: Monolithic integrated circuit, Automobile security system , Code/decode Introduction Is unceasingly progressive along with the social economy and the high tech rapid development, in the routine work and the life, the automobile has become the people ideal transportation vehicle. But the following motor vehicle the case which robbed gradually is also in creased has created the pilot economical property loss. In order tore duce the automobile to rob the event the formation rate, for has the automobile the user to provide the safety control, simply develops one kind to be reliable, the ease of operation, can send out in the discovery normal condition to the pilot reports to the police the reminder and the security warning safety system has the practical significance. This article based on to the existing automobile security alarm system generalized analysis, develops one kind of brand-new security alarm system. This system has mainly used the jump code code/decoding principle, causes the overall system to be safer, greatly reduces password explaining rate. 1. System principle of work The automobile security alarm system the remote control which carries by the driver and installs in the automobile the controller two parts composes. The remote control and the controller all use eight CMOS which American AT-MEL Corporation produces the AVR monolithic integrated circuit, this series monolithic integrated circuit based on new simplifies instruction R the ISC structure, includes the service life most to be few is 1,000 time writes/scratches the circulation the Flash program memory, as well as the service life at least is 100,000time writes/scratches the circulation E the EPROM data-carrier storage, some 2 only have when the entire piece cleaning can clean the programming encryption locks the localization. 1.1 System design The automobile security examination uses the ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic sensor is composed by the ultrasonic wave transmission circuit and the supersonic reception electric circuit, in the automobile cab appropriate position, installs the ultrasonic wave launch/receiver, as well as switch electric circuit T1. When the automobile parks the vehicle owner person must leave the automobile, with remote control closed switch T1, the automobile alarm system sat garrisons the condition, around the system use ultrasonic wave examination vehicle obstacle. Launches the partial electric circuits likes chart 1 to show. When its P1 mouth P1.1, P1.2 to the D trig , the P1.0 control ultrasonic wave launch, are 0, the photo electricity coupler outputs the TP1 end is 1, the permission ultrasonic wave launch, launches/the receive ultrasonic wave in turn, the circulation repeatedly carries on. Simultaneously the monolithic integrated circuit interior counter starts to count. The steam distance between vehicles obstacle distance is the time which sends out through the sound navigation and ranging reflects spends determines and carries on the computation. The reflection signal causes the D trigger to produce interrupt request signal INT1,simultaneously stops counting, reads takes counts the value, calculates the actual distance after the formula, then carries on the comparison with the datum distance, if examines when the actual distance is bigger than reference value 80cm, does not carry on the accustom-optics to report to the police; If some people approach the automobile to enter the cab, the examination actual distance is smaller than or was equal to when reference value 80cm, through monolithic integrated circuit P2.2 and the P2.3 port, actuates the indicating lamp display circuit and the sound alarm circuit, sends out three two flash. And triggers a high level, the actuation is wire less signal transmission circuit. Chart 1 Ultrasonic wave transmission circuit 1.2 Code/decoding principle The present automobile remote control security system are many is usesVD5026/27, PT2262/72, HT12E/D and so on the general code/decodes the electric circuit, its password decided by the component address, each set of security systems use a fixed invariable password. Along with the micro processing technology development, through the receiver emote control transmitting message, may intercept this fixed password, moreover general arranges the decoding address to lose the person to carry the component size limit, its quantity is impossible too much, can obtain not repeatedly codes very is also limited, also can very quickly explain the password with the automatic scanner. Therefore, this kind of password fixed invariable automobile security system has received the serious threat. Decodes the automobile security system using the monolithic integrated circuit interior resources realization jump code, it each time uses the remote control password all is changing, with the password no longer duplicates uses, causes the interception password also is makes a futile effort, in addition, it may increase the enough many passwords figure, enhances the system resistance illegal scanning the ability. The remote control coding altogether has 12 bytes, separately by 3 bytes codes channels code, 3 bytes codes forewords number, 5 bytes jumps codes, 1 byte pressed key operation code is composed. Encoded front adds on logic in each byte 0 to take the outset position, encoded behind adds on a logical 1 achievement in each byte to stop the position, and in most front adds on several logic 1 to take the guidance signal, this constituted the serial coded signal which uses in to transmit. The code channel code uses in to express the remote control status; each set of systems use a fixed channel code. The code foreword number uses in to record the encoded order, its starting value is 0, the monolithic integrated circuit every time codes a time, the code foreword number upwardly counts time. The code channel code and the code foreword number deposits in monolithic integrated circuit EEPROM, guarantees them power cut the influence. The jump code is the systematic true password, it passes through the complex special algorithm by the code channel code and the code foreword number to extract, this special algorithm foreign security. The pressed key operation code by the pressed key which presses was decided, when "the hypothesis" the key is pressed down, its code decides as 0 1H; When "relieves" the key presses down, its code decides as 00H. Whether is the decoding confirms receive the code legitimate a series of operating process. Was confirmed the legitimate code needs to satisfy three conditions; (1) codes the channel code and the decoding channel code is same; (2) coded the foreword number to be bigger than the decoding foreword number (decoding foreword number to record on legitimately has used code foreword number, this condition might guarantee before has used code was invalid); (3) jumps the code to be equal to reuses the special algorithm to extract changes the code. After the monolithic integrated circuit confirmed receives is the legitimate code, writes the code foreword number in the decoding foreword number, and completes corresponding operation processing according to the operation code. The decoding channel code and the decoding foreword number also deposits in monolithic integrated circuit EEPROM, guards against because of power cut loses. 1.3 Security reports to the police realization If will have robber Chen ZheRu the room, starts the automobile, after wrong password, then the automobile storage battery +12V voltage, the ignition electric current way ignition lock, the ignition outage, the engine extinguishes, again starts, will duplicate the above process, like this, the bandits and thieves always will not be able to start the automobile, will not be able to achieve its anticipated goal. The alarm circuit mainly is composed by the integrated block and the speaker and electronic switching SCR. Triode or the multiple-unit tube, are for enhance the electric circuit measure which the power but often uses, it has composed a current amplification factor very big equivalent transistor, total enlargement factor for these two enlargement factor product. SCR is the electronic switching which constitutes by the silicon-controlled rectifier, the electric capacity and the resistance constitution negative booster concurrently filter, provides +3 +4V to IC the voltage, IC is traces Draws up sound reports to the police the integrated circuit, the alarm apparatus by the SCR control, robs the vehicle thief once after the wrong password, then the storage battery electric current enters the security system besides a group, another group is started in the engine, after leads the engine work, natural contact output voltage, after the differentiating circuit, silicon-controlled rectifier SCR is triggered, also passes through the resistance to fall the pressure, the voltage adds in the IC power source input end, IC obtains the voltage output alarm, enlarges after the multiple-unit tube, Destroys moves the speaker to send out resoundingly reports to the police the sound. when static state, entire electric circuit does not consume the electricity. 2. Software design The alarm apparatus software design mainly divides into: Master routine (alarm apparatus initialization, key modulation and decoding); Alarm apparatus interrupt handling routine. This alarm apparatus installs on the automobile steering wheel. After installs, starts the alarm apparatus, the alarm apparatus automatically retards20~30s to start to work, in order to lets use the person to have the enough time to lock the gate to leave the automobile. After the time delay the alarm apparatus enters the value to defend the active status, once the vehicle door is turned on or the windowpane hits garrulously, the oscillation pick-up examines the signal, time delay 20s starts to report to the police. The time delay goal is the master which causes the automobile is opening the gate to enter the vehicle internal energy closure alarm apparatus, in order to avoid reports to the police by mistake. 2.1 Master routine This part mainly completes to each severance entrance hypothesis, and reports to the police the depositing unit initialization to each fixed unit, establishes the special symbol value and to the pressed key interrupts processing. Master routine design diagram like chart 2 shows. Chart2 master routine frame chart 2.2 Alarm apparatus interrupt handling routine The burglar alarm disposal procedure uses time severance inquiry processing, each time severance, only is inquires each kind of control flag bit, controls each group output according to its condition. The procedure has not used has circulation processing the way, therefore time control conclusion, cannot eliminate controls the flag bit, only is repositions the scene, the waiting next time severance, again judges whether controls the conclusion. 3. Concluding remark Uses automobile security alarm system cost which this kind of monolithic integrated circuit composes low, performance reliable, simultaneously settles the extension to be convenient. The use jump code code/decoding principle, causes the system to be safer, greatly reduces password explaining rate, will obtain the wide spread application in the future automobile security alarm system. 基于單片機(jī)的汽車防盜報(bào)警系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 摘要: 應(yīng)用單片機(jī)內(nèi)部資源實(shí)現(xiàn)的跳變編碼/解碼汽車防盜系統(tǒng)，它每次使用的遙控密碼都在變化，既提高了系統(tǒng)的安全性，又大大降低了成本。 關(guān)鍵詞: 單片機(jī) 汽車防盜系統(tǒng) 編碼/解碼 引言 隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷進(jìn)步和高科技的飛速發(fā)展，在日常工作和生活中，汽車已成為人們理想的交通工具。但隨之而來(lái)的機(jī)動(dòng)車輛被盜的案件也逐漸增多，造成了駕駛員經(jīng)濟(jì)財(cái)產(chǎn)的損失。為了減少汽車被盜事件的發(fā)生率，給擁有汽車的用戶提供安全保障，研制一種簡(jiǎn)單可靠、操作方便，能在發(fā)現(xiàn)不正常情況下給駕駛員發(fā)出報(bào)警提醒和防盜警報(bào)的安全系統(tǒng)具有實(shí)際意義。本文基于對(duì)現(xiàn)有汽車防盜報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的綜合分析，開發(fā)出一種全新的防盜報(bào)警系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)主要使用了跳變碼的編碼/解碼原理，使得整個(gè)系統(tǒng)更加安全，大大降低密碼破解率。 1. 系統(tǒng)工作原理 汽車防盜報(bào)警系統(tǒng)由司機(jī)攜帶的遙控器和安裝在汽車內(nèi)的控制器兩部分組成。遙控器和控制器都用美國(guó)AT-MEL 公司生產(chǎn)的八位C MOS 型 AVR 單片機(jī)，該系列單片機(jī)基于新的精簡(jiǎn)指令R ISC 結(jié)構(gòu)，含有使用壽命最少為1000 次寫/擦循環(huán)的 Flash 程序存儲(chǔ)器，以及使用壽命至少為 10萬(wàn) 次寫/擦循環(huán)的E EPROM 數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器，有 2 位只有在整片擦除時(shí)才能擦除的編程加密鎖定位。 1.1總體設(shè)計(jì) 汽車防盜的檢測(cè),采用超聲波傳感器。超聲波傳感器由超聲波發(fā)射電路和超聲波接收電路組成，在汽車駕駛室的適當(dāng)位置，裝設(shè)超聲波發(fā)射/接收器，以及遙控開關(guān)電路T1。當(dāng)汽車停放車主人要離開汽車時(shí)，用遙控器閉合開關(guān)T1，汽車報(bào)警系統(tǒng)處于設(shè)防狀態(tài)，系統(tǒng)利用超聲波檢測(cè)車周圍的障礙物。發(fā)射部分電路如圖 1 所示。它的 P1 口的 P1.1、P1.2對(duì) D 觸發(fā)器初始化，P1.0 控制超聲波發(fā)射，為 0時(shí) ，光電耦合器輸出TP1 端為 1，允許超聲波發(fā)射，依次發(fā)射/接收超聲波，循環(huán)反復(fù)進(jìn)行。同時(shí)單片機(jī)內(nèi)部的計(jì)數(shù)器開始計(jì)數(shù)。汽車距障礙物的距離是通過(guò)聲納發(fā)出到反射回來(lái)所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間來(lái)測(cè)定并進(jìn)行計(jì)算的。反射信號(hào)使 D 觸發(fā)器產(chǎn)生一個(gè)中斷請(qǐng)求信號(hào)INT1，同時(shí)停止計(jì)數(shù)，讀取計(jì)數(shù)值，經(jīng)公式計(jì)算出實(shí)際距離，然后與基準(zhǔn)距離進(jìn)行比較，如果檢測(cè)的實(shí)際距離大于參考值80cm時(shí) ，不進(jìn)行聲光報(bào)警；如果有人靠近汽車進(jìn)入駕駛室，檢測(cè)的實(shí)際距離小于或等于參考值 80cm時(shí)，通過(guò)單片機(jī)的P2.2 和P2.3 端口，驅(qū)動(dòng)指示燈顯示電路和聲音報(bào)警電路，發(fā)出三聲二閃光。并觸發(fā)一個(gè)高電平，驅(qū)動(dòng)無(wú)線信號(hào)發(fā)射電路。 圖1 超聲波發(fā)射電路 1.2 編碼/解碼原理 目前的汽車遙控防盜系統(tǒng)多是使用 VD5026/27、PT2262/72、HT12E/D 等通用的編碼/解碼電路，其密碼由器件的地址來(lái)決定，每套防盜系統(tǒng)使用一個(gè)固定不變的密碼。隨著微處理技術(shù)的發(fā)展，通過(guò)接收遙控發(fā)射信號(hào)，就可以截獲到這一固定的密碼，而且一般的編解碼器的地址輸人端受器件尺寸限制，其數(shù)量不可能太多，能得到的不重復(fù)編碼也就很有限，用自動(dòng)掃描器也能很快破解密碼。因此，這類密碼固定不變的汽車防盜系統(tǒng)已受到嚴(yán)重的威脅。應(yīng)用單片機(jī)內(nèi)部資源實(shí)現(xiàn)的跳變編碼/解碼汽車防盜系統(tǒng)，它每次使用的遙控密碼都在變化，用過(guò)的密碼不再重復(fù)使用，使得截獲密碼也是徒勞無(wú)功，此外，它可以增加足夠多的密碼位數(shù)，以提高系統(tǒng)抗擊非法掃描的能力。遙控編碼共有12個(gè) 字節(jié)，分別由3字 節(jié)編碼通道碼、3 字節(jié)編碼序號(hào)碼,5 字節(jié)跳變編碼、1 字節(jié)按鍵操作代碼組成。在每個(gè)字節(jié)編碼的前面加上一位邏輯 0 作為起始位，在每個(gè)字節(jié)編碼的后面加上一位邏輯 1 作為停止位，并在最前面加上幾位邏輯1 作為引導(dǎo)信號(hào)，這就構(gòu)成了用于發(fā)送的串行編碼信號(hào)。編碼通道用于表示遙控器的身份，每套系統(tǒng)使用一個(gè)固定的通道碼。編碼序號(hào)碼于記錄編碼的次序，其初始值為0 ，單片機(jī)每編碼一次，編碼序號(hào)碼就向上計(jì)數(shù)一次。編碼通道碼和編碼序號(hào)碼存放在單片機(jī)的 EEPROM中，確保它們不受停電影響。跳變編碼是系統(tǒng)的真正密碼，它由編碼通道碼和編碼序號(hào)碼經(jīng)過(guò)復(fù)雜的特殊算法求出，該特殊算法對(duì)外保密。按鍵操作代碼由被按的按鍵來(lái)決定，當(dāng)“設(shè)定”鍵被按下時(shí)，其代碼定為0 1H；當(dāng)“解除”鍵被按下時(shí)，其代碼定為 00H。解碼是確認(rèn)接收的編碼是否合法的一系列操作過(guò)程。被確認(rèn)合法的編碼要滿足三個(gè)條件；(1)編碼通道碼與解碼通道碼相同；(2)編碼序號(hào)碼大于解碼序號(hào)碼(解碼序號(hào)碼記錄了上次合法使用過(guò)的編碼序號(hào)碼，該條件可保證以前使用過(guò)的編碼無(wú)效)；(3)跳變碼等于重新用特殊算法求出的變碼。當(dāng)單片機(jī)確認(rèn)收到的是合法編碼后，就把編碼序號(hào)碼寫到解碼序號(hào)碼中，并根據(jù)操作代碼去完成相應(yīng)的操作處理。解碼通道碼和解碼序號(hào)碼也存放在單片機(jī)的EEPROM中 ，以防因停電而丟失。 1.3 防盜報(bào)警的實(shí)現(xiàn) 若有盜車者入室，發(fā)動(dòng)汽車，輸入錯(cuò)誤的密碼后，則汽車電瓶的+12V 電壓，點(diǎn)火電流途經(jīng)點(diǎn)火開關(guān)，點(diǎn)火電流中斷，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)熄滅，再啟動(dòng)，將重復(fù)上述過(guò)程，這樣，盜賊始終不能將汽車開動(dòng)，不能達(dá)到其預(yù)期目的。報(bào)警電路主要由集成塊及揚(yáng)聲器和電子開關(guān)SCR組成。其中三極管或復(fù)合管，是為了提高功率而常采用的電路措施，它組成了一個(gè)電流放大倍數(shù)很大的等效晶體管，總放大倍數(shù)為這兩管放大倍數(shù)的乘積。SCR 是由可控硅構(gòu)成的電子開關(guān)，電容和電阻構(gòu)成降壓器兼濾波器，給IC提供+3 —+4V的電壓，IC為摸擬聲報(bào)警集成電路，報(bào)警器由SCR控制，盜車賊一旦按錯(cuò)密碼后，則電瓶電流除一路進(jìn)入防盜系統(tǒng)外，另一路是在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)被啟動(dòng)，帶動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作后，其中性接點(diǎn)的輸出電壓，經(jīng)微分電路，可控硅SCR被觸發(fā)，又經(jīng)電阻降壓，電壓加在IC 的電源輸入端，IC獲得電壓輸出報(bào)警信號(hào)，經(jīng)復(fù)合管放大，推動(dòng)揚(yáng)聲器發(fā)出響亮的報(bào)警聲。而在靜態(tài)時(shí)，整個(gè)電路不耗電。 2. 軟件設(shè)計(jì) 報(bào)警器軟件設(shè)計(jì)主要分為：主程序(報(bào)警器初始化、鍵控和解碼)；報(bào)警器中斷處理程序。 該報(bào)警器安裝在汽車方向盤上。安裝好后，啟動(dòng)報(bào)警器，報(bào)警器自動(dòng)延遲20~30s開始工作，以便讓使用人有足夠的時(shí)間鎖好門離開汽車。延時(shí)后報(bào)警器進(jìn)入值守工作狀態(tài)，一旦車門被打開或窗玻璃被敲碎，振動(dòng)傳感器檢測(cè)到信號(hào)，延時(shí) 20s開始報(bào)警。延時(shí)的目的是使汽車的主人在開門進(jìn)入車內(nèi)能關(guān)閉報(bào)警器,以免誤報(bào)警。 圖2 主程序框架圖 2.1 主程序 這一部分主要完成對(duì)各中斷入口的設(shè)定，對(duì)各鎖定單元和報(bào)警存放單元的初始化，設(shè)定特殊的標(biāo)志值及對(duì)按鍵的中斷處理。主程序設(shè)計(jì)框圖如圖 2所 示。 2.2 報(bào)警器中斷處理程序 防盜報(bào)警器的處理程序采用時(shí)間中斷查詢處理，每一次時(shí)間中斷，僅是去查詢各種控制標(biāo)志位，根據(jù)它的狀態(tài)來(lái)控制各路輸出。程序沒有采用有循環(huán)處理的方式，所以控制未結(jié)束時(shí)，不能清除控制標(biāo)志位，僅是復(fù)位現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，等待下一次時(shí)間中斷，再判斷是否控制結(jié)束。 3. 結(jié)語(yǔ) 使用這種單片機(jī)組成的汽車防盜報(bào)警系統(tǒng)成本低、性能可靠，同時(shí)安轉(zhuǎn)方便。使用跳變碼的編碼/解碼原理，使得系統(tǒng)更加安全，大大降低密碼破解率，在未來(lái)的汽車防盜報(bào)警系統(tǒng)中將得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。