購買設(shè)計請充值后下載，，資源目錄下的文件所見即所得，都可以點開預(yù)覽，，資料完整，充值下載就能得到。。。【注】：dwg后綴為CAD圖，doc,docx為WORD文檔，有不明白之處，可咨詢QQ:1304139763

外文資料翻譯 1 Machine tool numerical control reforms 機床數(shù)控改造 First CNC systems and the development trend of history 一 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)發(fā)展簡史及趨勢 1946 birth of the world s first electronic computer which shows that human beings created to enhance and replace some of the mental work tools It and human agriculture industrial society in the creation of those who merely increase compared to manual tools from a qualitative leap for mankind s entry into the information society laid the foundation Six years later in 1952 computer technology applied to the machine in the United States was born first CNC machine tools Since then the traditional machine produced a qualitative change Nearly half a century since the CNC system has experienced two phases and six generations of development 1946 年誕生了世界上第一臺電子計算機 這表明人類創(chuàng)造了可增強和部分 代替腦力勞動的工具 它與人類在農(nóng)業(yè) 工業(yè)社會中創(chuàng)造的那些只是增強體力 勞動的工具相比 起了質(zhì)的飛躍 為人類進入信息社會奠定了基礎(chǔ) 6 年后 即在 1952 年 計算機技術(shù)應(yīng)用到了機床上 在美國誕生了第一臺數(shù)控機床 從 此 傳統(tǒng)機床產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)的變化 近半個世紀以來 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)經(jīng)歷了兩個階段和 六代的發(fā)展 1 1 Numerical Control NC phase 1952 to 1970 1 1 數(shù)控 NC 階段 1952 1970 年 Early computer s computational speed low and the prevailing scientific computing and data processing is not affected but can not meet the requirements of real time control machine People have to use digital logic circuit tied into a single machine as a dedicated computer numerical control system known as the hardware connection NC HARD WIRED NC called the Numerical Control NC With the development of components of this phase after three generations that is in 1952 the first generation tube 1959 of the second generation transistor 1965 of the third generation small scale integrated circuits 早期計算機的運算速度低 對當(dāng)時的科學(xué)計算和數(shù)據(jù)處理影響還不大 但 不能適應(yīng)機床實時控制的要求 人們不得不采用數(shù)字邏輯電路 搭 成一臺機床 專用計算機作為數(shù)控系統(tǒng) 被稱為硬件連接數(shù)控 HARD WIRED NC 簡稱為 外文資料翻譯 2 數(shù)控 NC 隨著元器件的發(fā)展 這個階段歷經(jīng)了三代 即 1952 年的第一代 電子管 1959 年的第二代 晶體管 1965 年的第三代 小規(guī)模集成電路 1 2 Computer Numerical Control CNC phase 1970 to present 1 2 計算機數(shù)控 CNC 階段 1970 年 現(xiàn)在 To 1970 GM has been a small computer and mass produced So it transplant system as the core component of NC have entered a Computer Numerical Control CNC stage in front of the computer should be universal word omitted To 1971 the United States INTEL company in the world will be the first time the two most core computer components computing and controller a large scale integrated circuit technology integration in a chip called the microprocessor MICROPROCESSOR also known as the central processing unit CPU 到 1970 年 通用小型計算機業(yè)已出現(xiàn)并成批生產(chǎn) 于是將它移植過來作為 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的核心部件 從此進入了計算機數(shù)控 CNC 階段 把計算機前面應(yīng) 有的 通用 兩個字省略了 到 1971 年 美國 INTEL 公司在世界上第一次將計 算機的兩個最核心的部件 運算器和控制器 采用大規(guī)模集成電路技術(shù)集成在 一塊芯片上 稱之為微處理器 MICROPROCESSOR 又可稱為中央處理單元 簡稱 CPU 1974 microprocessor to be used in CNC system This is because the function of the computer is too small to control a machine tool capacity affluent the time has been used to control more than one machine called Group Control as a reasonable economic use of the microprocessor Minicomputer reliability and then not ideal Early microprocessor speed and functionality while still not high enough but can be adopted to solve the multi processor architecture As microprocessor core is a general computer components it is still known as the CNC 到 1974 年微處理器被應(yīng)用于數(shù)控系統(tǒng) 這是因為小型計算機功能太強 控 制一臺機床能力有富裕 故當(dāng)時曾用于控制多臺機床 稱之為群控 不如采用 微處理器經(jīng)濟合理 而且當(dāng)時的小型機可靠性也不理想 早期的微處理器速度 和功能雖還不夠高 但可以通過多處理器結(jié)構(gòu)來解決 由于微處理器是通用計 算機的核心部件 故仍稱為計算機數(shù)控 By 1990 PC machines personal computers domestic habits that computer performance has been developed to a high stage as a CNC system to meet the 外文資料翻譯 3 requirements of the core components NC system based on PC has now entered the stage 到了 1990 年 PC 機 個人計算機 國內(nèi)習(xí)慣稱微機 的性能已發(fā)展到很 高的階段 可以滿足作為數(shù)控系統(tǒng)核心部件的要求 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)從此進入了基于 PC 的階段 In short CNC has also experienced a stage three generations That is in 1970 s fourth generation small computer 1974 of the fifth generation microprocessors and the sixth generation 1990 Based on the PC called PC BASED abroad 總之 計算機數(shù)控階段也經(jīng)歷了三代 即 1970 年的第四代 小型計算機 1974 年的第五代 微處理器和 1990 年的第六代 基于 PC 國外稱為 PC BASED Also pointed out that although the foreign computer has been renamed NC CNC but China still customary said Numerical Control NC Therefore we stress the day to day NC in essence is that computer numerically controlled 還要指出的是 雖然國外早已改稱為計算機數(shù)控 即 CNC 了 而我國仍 習(xí)慣稱數(shù)控 NC 所以我們?nèi)粘Ｖv的 數(shù)控 實質(zhì)上已是指 計算機數(shù)控 了 1 3 the trend of future development of NC 1 3 數(shù)控未來發(fā)展的趨勢 1 3 1 continue to open the sixth generation of PC based development 1 3 1 繼續(xù)向開放式 基于 PC 的第六代方向發(fā)展 Based on the PC with the open low cost high reliability rich in resources such as hardware and software features and more CNC system manufacturers will embark on this path At least it used PC as a front end machine to deal with the human machine interface programming networking and communications problems the former NC Some systems have the mandate PC machine with the friendly interface will be universal to all CNC system Remote communications remote diagnostics and maintenance will be more widespread 基于 PC 所具有的開放性 低成本 高可靠性 軟硬件資源豐富等特點 更多的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)廠家會走上這條道路 至少采用 PC 機作為它的前端機 來處理人機界面 編程 聯(lián)網(wǎng)通信等問題 由原有的系統(tǒng)承擔(dān)數(shù)控的任務(wù) PC 機所具有的友好的人機界面 將普及到所有的數(shù)控系統(tǒng) 遠程通訊 遠程診斷 外文資料翻譯 4 和維修將更加普遍 1 3 2 high speed and high precision Development 1 3 2 向高速化和高精度化發(fā)展 This is to adapt to high speed and high precision machine tools to the needs of the development direction 這是適應(yīng)機床向高速和高精度方向發(fā)展的需要 1 3 3 intelligent direction to the development 1 3 3 向智能化方向發(fā)展 With artificial intelligence in the computer field infiltration and the continuing development of the intelligent numerical control system will be continuously improved 隨著人工智能在計算機領(lǐng)域的不斷滲透和發(fā)展 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的智能化程度將 不斷提高 1 adaptive control technology 1 應(yīng)用自適應(yīng)控制技術(shù) CNC system can detect some important information in the process and automatically adjust system parameters to improve the system running state purposes 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)能檢測過程中一些重要信息 并自動調(diào)整系統(tǒng)的有關(guān)參數(shù) 達到 改進系統(tǒng)運行狀態(tài)的目的 2 the introduction of expert guidance processing system 2 引入專家系統(tǒng)指導(dǎo)加工 the experience of skilled workers and experts processing and the general rules of law of special deposit system the process parameters to the database as the foundation and establish artificial intelligence expert system 將熟練工人和專家的經(jīng)驗 加工的一般規(guī)律和特殊規(guī)律存入系統(tǒng)中 以工 藝參數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)庫為支撐 建立具有人工智能的專家系統(tǒng) 3 introduction of Fault Diagnosis Expert System 3 引入故障診斷專家系統(tǒng) 4 intelligent digital servo drives 4 智能化數(shù)字伺服驅(qū)動裝置 Automatic Identification can load and automatically adjust parameters to get the 外文資料翻譯 5 best drive system operation 可以通過自動識別負載 而自動調(diào)整參數(shù) 使驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)獲得最佳的運行 Second CNC of the need for transformation 二 機床數(shù)控化改造的必要性 2 1 microscopic view of the necessity of 2 1 微觀看改造的必要性 From the micro perspective CNC machine tools than traditional machines have the following prominent superiority and these advantages are from the NC system includes computer power 從微觀上看 數(shù)控機床比傳統(tǒng)機床有以下突出的優(yōu)越性 而且這些優(yōu)越性 均來自數(shù)控系統(tǒng)所包含的計算機的威力 2 1 1 can be processed by conventional machining is not the curve surface and other complex parts 2 1 1 可以加工出傳統(tǒng)機床加工不出來的曲線 曲面等復(fù)雜的零件 Because computers are superb computing power can be accurately calculated instantaneous each coordinate axis movement exercise should be instantaneous it can compound into complex curves and surfaces 由于計算機有高超的運算能力 可以瞬時準確地計算出每個坐標軸瞬時應(yīng) 該運動的運動量 因此可以復(fù)合成復(fù)雜的曲線或曲面 2 1 2 automated processing can be achieved but also flexible automation to increase machine efficiency than traditional 3 to 7 times 2 1 2 可以實現(xiàn)加工的自動化 而且是柔性自動化 從而效率可比傳統(tǒng)機床 提高 3 7 倍 Because computers are memory and storage capacity can be imported and stored procedures remember down and then click procedural requirements to implement the order automatically to achieve automation CNC machine tool as a replacement procedures we can achieve another work piece machining automation so that single pieces and small batch production can be automated it has been called flexible automation 由于計算機有記憶和存儲能力 可以將輸入的程序記住和存儲下來 然后 按程序規(guī)定的順序自動去執(zhí)行 從而實現(xiàn)自動化 數(shù)控機床只要更換一個程序 外文資料翻譯 6 就可實現(xiàn)另一工件加工的自動化 從而使單件和小批生產(chǎn)得以自動化 故被稱 為實現(xiàn)了 柔性自動化 2 1 3 high precision machining parts the size dispersion of small easy to assemble no longer needed repair 2 1 3 加工零件的精度高 尺寸分散度小 使裝配容易 不再需要 修配 2 1 4 processes can be realized more focused in part to reduce the frequent removal machine 2 1 4 可實現(xiàn)多工序的集中 減少零件 在機床間的頻繁搬運 2 1 5 have automatic alarm automatic control automatic compensation and other self regulatory functions thus achieving long unattended processing 2 1 5 擁有自動報警 自動監(jiān)控 自動補償?shù)榷喾N自律功能 因而可實現(xiàn)長 時間無人看管加工 2 1 6 derived from the benefits of more than five 2 1 6 由以上五條派生的好處 Such as reducing the labor intensity of the workers save the labor force one can look after more than one machine a decrease of tooling shorten Trial Production of a new product cycle and the production cycle the market demand for quick response and so on 如 降低了工人的勞動強度 節(jié)省了勞動力 一個人可以看管多臺機床 減少了工裝 縮短了新產(chǎn)品試制周期和生產(chǎn)周期 可對市場需求作出快速反應(yīng) 等等 These advantages are our predecessors did not expect is a very major breakthrough In addition CNC machine tools or the FMC Flexible Manufacturing Cell FMS flexible manufacturing system and CIMS Computer Integrated Manufacturing System and other enterprises the basis of information transformation NC manufacturing automation technology has become the core technology and basic technology 以上這些優(yōu)越性是前人想象不到的 是一個極為重大的突破 此外 機床 數(shù)控化還是推行 FMC 柔性制造單元 FMS 柔性制造系統(tǒng) 以及 CIMS 計 算機集成制造系統(tǒng) 等企業(yè)信息化改造的基礎(chǔ) 數(shù)控技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為制造業(yè)自動 化的核心技術(shù)和基礎(chǔ)技術(shù) 外文資料翻譯 7 2 2 the macro view of the necessity 2 2 宏觀看改造的必要性 From a macro perspective the military industrial developed countries the machinery industry in the late 1970s early 1980s has begun a large scale application of CNC machine tools Its essence is the use of information technology on the traditional industries including the military the Machinery Industry for technological transformation In addition to the manufacturing process used in CNC machine tools FMC FMS but also included in the product development in the implementation of CAD CAE CAM virtual manufacturing and production management in the implementation of the MIS Management Information System CIMS and so on And the products that they produce an increase in information technology including artificial intelligence and other content As the use of information technology to foreign forces the depth of Machinery Industry referred to as information technology and ultimately makes their products in the international military and civilian products on the market competitiveness of much stronger And we in the information technology to transform traditional industries than about 20 years behind developed countries Such as possession of machine tools in China the proportion of CNC machine tools CNC rate in 1995 to only 1 9 percent while Japan in 1994 reached 20 8 percent every year a large number of imports of mechanical and electrical products This also explains the macro CNC transformation of the need 從宏觀上看 工業(yè)發(fā)達國家的軍 民機械工業(yè) 在 70 年代末 80 年代初 已開始大規(guī)模應(yīng)用數(shù)控機床 其本質(zhì)是 采用信息技術(shù)對傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè) 包括軍 民機械工業(yè) 進行技術(shù)改造 除在制造過程中采用數(shù)控機床 FMC FMS 外 還包括在產(chǎn)品開發(fā)中推行 CAD CAE CAM 虛擬制造以及在生產(chǎn)管理中推 行 MIS 管理信息系統(tǒng) CIMS 等等 以及在其生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品中增加信息技術(shù) 包括人工智能等的含量 由于采用信息技術(shù)對國外軍 民機械工業(yè)進行深入改 造 稱之為信息化 最終使得他們的產(chǎn)品在國際軍品和民品的市場上競爭力大 為增強 而我們在信息技術(shù)改造傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)方面比發(fā)達國家約落后 20 年 如我國 機床擁有量中 數(shù)控機床的比重 數(shù)控化率 到 1995 年只有 1 9 而日本在 1994 年已達 20 8 因此每年都有大量機電產(chǎn)品進口 這也就從宏觀上說明了 機床數(shù)控化改造的必要性 外文資料翻譯 8 Third CNC machine tools and production lines of the transformation of the market 三 機床與生產(chǎn)線數(shù)控化改造的市場 3 1 CNC transformation of the market 3 1 機床數(shù)控化改造的市場 My current machine total more than 380 million units of which only the total number of CNC machine tool 113 400 Taiwan or that China s CNC rate of less than 3 percent Over the past 10 years China s annual output of about 0 6 CNC machine tools to 0 8 million units an annual output value of about 1 8 billion yuan CNC machine tools annual rate of 6 per cent China s machine tool easements over age 10 account for more than 60 below the 10 machines automatic semi automatic machine less than 20 per cent FMC FMS such as a handful more automated production line the United States and Japan automatic and semi automatic machine 60 percent above This shows that we the majority of manufacturing industries and enterprises of the production processing equipment is the great majority of traditional machine tools and more than half of military age is over 10 years old machine Processing equipment used by the prevalence of poor quality products less variety low grade high cost supply a long period in view of the international and domestic markets lack of competitiveness and a direct impact on a company s products markets efficiency and impact The survival and development of enterprises Therefore we must vigorously raise the rate of CNC machine tools 我國目前機床總量 380 余萬臺 而其中數(shù)控機床總數(shù)只有 11 34 萬臺 即 我國機床數(shù)控化率不到 3 近 10 年來 我國數(shù)控機床年產(chǎn)量約為 0 6 0 8 萬 臺 年產(chǎn)值約為 18 億元 機床的年產(chǎn)量數(shù)控化率為 6 我國機床役齡 10 年 以上的占 60 以上 10 年以下的機床中 自動 半自動機床不到 20 FMC FMS 等自動化生產(chǎn)線更屈指可數(shù) 美國和日本自動和半自動機床 占 60 以上 可見我們的大多數(shù)制造行業(yè)和企業(yè)的生產(chǎn) 加工裝備絕大數(shù)是 傳統(tǒng)的機床 而且半數(shù)以上是役齡在 10 年以上的舊機床 用這種裝備加工出來 的產(chǎn)品普遍存在質(zhì)量差 品種少 檔次低 成本高 供貨期長 從而在國際 國內(nèi)市場上缺乏競爭力 直接影響一個企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品 市場 效益 影響企業(yè)的 生存和發(fā)展 所以必須大力提高機床的數(shù)控化率 外文資料翻譯 9 3 2 import equipment and production lines of the transformation of NC market 3 2 進口設(shè)備和生產(chǎn)線的數(shù)控化改造市場 Since China s reform and opening up many foreign enterprises from the introduction of technology equipment and production lines for technological transformation According to incomplete statistics from 1979 to 1988 10 the introduction of technological transformation projects are 18 446 about 16 58 billion US dollars 我國自改革開放以來 很多企業(yè)從國外引進技術(shù) 設(shè)備和生產(chǎn)線進行技術(shù) 改造 據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計 從 1979 1988 年 10 年間 全國引進技術(shù)改造項目就有 18446 項 大約 165 8 億美元 These projects the majority of projects in China s economic construction play a due role Some however the introduction of projects due to various reasons not equipment or normal operation of the production line and even paralyzed and the effectiveness of enterprises affected by serious enterprise is in trouble Some of the equipment production lines introduced from abroad the digestion and absorption of some bad spare parts incomplete improper maintenance poor operating results only pay attention to the introduction of some imported the equipment apparatus production lines ignore software technology and management resulting in items integrity and potential equipment can not play but some can not even start running did not play due role but some production lines to sell the products very well but not because of equipment failure production standards because some high energy consumption low pass rate products incur losses but some have introduced a longer time and the need for technological upgrading Some of the causes of the equipment did not create wealth but consumption of wealth 這些項目中 大部分項目為我國的經(jīng)濟建設(shè)發(fā)揮了應(yīng)有的作用 但是有的 引進項目由于種種原因 設(shè)備或生產(chǎn)線不能正常運轉(zhuǎn) 甚至癱瘓 使企業(yè)的效 益受到影響 嚴重的使企業(yè)陷入困境 一些設(shè)備 生產(chǎn)線從國外引進以后 有 的消化吸收不好 備件不全 維護不當(dāng) 結(jié)果運轉(zhuǎn)不良 有的引進時只注意引 進設(shè)備 儀器 生產(chǎn)線 忽視軟件 工藝 管理等 造成項目不完整 設(shè)備潛 力不能發(fā)揮 有的甚至不能啟動運行 沒有發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的作用 有的生產(chǎn)線的產(chǎn) 品銷路很好 但是因為設(shè)備故障不能達產(chǎn)達標 有的因為能耗高 產(chǎn)品合格率 外文資料翻譯 10 低而造成虧損 有的已引進較長時間 需要進行技術(shù)更新 種種原因使有的設(shè) 備不僅沒有創(chuàng)造財富 反而消耗著財富 These can not use the equipment production lines is a burden but also a number of significant assets in stock wealth is repaired As long as identifying the main technical difficulties and solve key technical problems we can minimize the investment and make the most of their assets in stock gain the greatest economic and social benefits This is a great transformation of the market 這些不能使用的設(shè)備 生產(chǎn)線是個包袱 也是一批很大的存量資產(chǎn) 修好 了就是財富 只要找出主要的技術(shù)難點 解決關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題 就可以最小的投 資盤活最大的存量資產(chǎn) 爭取到最大的經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益 這也是一個極大 的改造市場 Fourth NC transformation of the content and gifted missing 四 數(shù)控化改造的內(nèi)容及優(yōu)缺 4 1 the rise of foreign trade reform 4 1 國外改造業(yè)的興起 In the United States Japan and Germany and other developed countries and their machine transformation as new economic growth sector the business scene is in a golden age The machine as well as technology continues to progress is a machine of the eternal issue China s machine tool industry transformation but also from old industries to enter the CNC technology mainly to the new industries In the United States Japan Germany with CNC machine tools and technological transformation of production lines vast market has formed a CNC machine tools and production lines of the new industry In the United States transforming machine tool industry as renewable Remanufacturing industry Renewable industry in the famous companies Borsches engineering company atoms machine tool company Devlieg Bullavd Bo services group US equipment companies Companies in the United States run companies in China In Japan the machine tool industry transformation as machine modification Retrofitting industry Conversion industry in the famous companies Okuma engineering group Kong 3 Machinery Company Chiyoda Engineering Company Nozaki engineering company Hamada engineering companies Yamamoto Engineering Company 外文資料翻譯 11 在美國 日本和德國等發(fā)達國家 它們的機床改造作為新的經(jīng)濟增長行業(yè) 生意盎然 正處在黃金時代 由于機床以及技術(shù)的不斷進步 機床改造是個 永 恒 的課題 我國的機床改造業(yè) 也從老的行業(yè)進入到以數(shù)控技術(shù)為主的新的行 業(yè) 在美國 日本 德國 用數(shù)控技術(shù)改造機床和生產(chǎn)線具有廣闊的市場 已 形成了機床和生產(chǎn)線數(shù)控改造的新的行業(yè) 在美國 機床改造業(yè)稱為機床再生 Remanufacturing 業(yè) 從事再生業(yè)的著名公司有 Bertsche 工程公司 ayton 機床公司 Devlieg Bullavd 得寶 服務(wù)集團 US 設(shè)備公司等 美國得寶公司 已在中國開辦公司 在日本 機床改造業(yè)稱為機床改裝 Retrofitting 業(yè) 從 事改裝業(yè)的著名公司有 大隈工程集團 崗三機械公司 千代田工機公司 野 崎工程公司 濱田工程公司 山本工程公司等 4 2 the content of NC 4 2 數(shù)控化改造的內(nèi)容 Machine tools and production line NC transformation main contents of the following 機床與生產(chǎn)線的數(shù)控化改造主要內(nèi)容有以下幾點 One is the restoration of the original features of the machine tools production line of the fault diagnosis and recovery second NC in the ordinary machine augends significant installations or additions to NC system transformed into NC machine tools CNC machine tools its Third renovation to improve accuracy efficiency and the degree of automation mechanical electrical part of the renovation re assembly of mechanical parts processing restore the original accuracy of their production requirements are not satisfied with the latest CNC system update Fourth the technology updates or technical innovation to enhance performance or grades or for the use of new technology new technologies based on the original technology for large scale update or technological innovation and more significantly raise the level and grades of upgrading 其一是恢復(fù)原功能 對機床 生產(chǎn)線存在的故障部分進行診斷并恢復(fù) 其 二是 NC 化 在普通機床上加數(shù)顯裝置 或加數(shù)控系統(tǒng) 改造成 NC 機床 CNC 機床 其三是翻新 為提高精度 效率和自動化程度 對機械 電氣部分 進行翻新 對機械部分重新裝配加工 恢復(fù)原精度 對其不滿足生產(chǎn)要求的 CNC 系統(tǒng)以最新 CNC 進行更新 其四是技術(shù)更新或技術(shù)創(chuàng)新 為提高性能或 外文資料翻譯 12 檔次 或為了使用新工藝 新技術(shù) 在原有基礎(chǔ)上進行較大規(guī)模的技術(shù)更新或 技術(shù)創(chuàng)新 較大幅度地提高水平和檔次的更新改造 4 3 NC transformation of the gifted missing 4 3 數(shù)控化改造的優(yōu)缺 4 3 1 reduce the amount of investment shorter delivery time 4 3 1 減少投資額 交貨期短 Compared with the purchase of new machine the general can save 60 to 80 of the costs and transforming low cost Especially for large special machine tools particularly obvious General transformation of large scale machine spent only the cost of the new machine purchase 1 3 short delivery time But some special circumstances such as high speed spindle automatic tray switching systems and the production of the installation costs too costly and often raise the cost of 2 to 3 times compared with the purchase of new machine only about 50 percent of savings investment 同購置新機床相比 一般可以節(jié)省 60 80 的費用 改造費用低 特別 是大型 特殊機床尤其明顯 一般大型機床改造 只花新機床購置費用的 1 3 交貨期短 但有些特殊情況 如高速主軸 托盤自動交換裝置的制作與安裝過 于費工 費錢 往往改造成本提高 2 3 倍 與購置新機床相比 只能節(jié)省投資 50 左右 4 3 2 stable and reliable mechanical properties structure limited 4 3 2 機械性能穩(wěn)定可靠 結(jié)構(gòu)受限 By the use of bed column and other basic items are heavy and solid casting components rather than kind of welding components of the machine after the high performance quality and can continue to use the new equipment for many years But by the mechanical structure of the original restrictions it is not appropriate to the transformation of a breakthrough 所利用的床身 立柱等基礎(chǔ)件都是重而堅固的鑄造構(gòu)件 而不是那種焊接 構(gòu)件 改造后的機床性能高 質(zhì)量好 可以作為新設(shè)備繼續(xù)使用多年 但是受 到原來機械結(jié)構(gòu)的限制 不宜做突破性的改造 4 3 3 become familiar with the equipment ease of operation and maintenance 4 3 3 熟悉了解設(shè)備 便于操作維修 外文資料翻譯 13 The purchase of new equipment new equipment do not know whether to meet the processing requirements Transformation is not can be used to calculate the machine processing capacity In addition since the use of many years the operator of the machine has long been understood that in the operation use and maintenance of the training time is short quick Transformation of the machine tools installed we can achieve full