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集裝箱船集裝箱的管理原則 Principle Of The Container Management 1. 集裝箱裝船前，船長(zhǎng)應(yīng)督促大副做好對(duì)集裝箱裝載時(shí)的外表狀況的檢查，遇到有箱體外表破損/橫梁變形、箱門(mén)變形關(guān)不嚴(yán)、鉛封丟失等不利于船方的情況，應(yīng)做好值班記錄，并要求港方簽署“集裝箱殘損單”或類(lèi)似文件，以保護(hù)船東的利益。注意集裝箱的積載應(yīng)符合經(jīng)主管機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn)的《裝載手冊(cè)》的要求，同時(shí)要考慮符合航運(yùn)習(xí)慣的做法。 Before the container loading, the Captain should urge the chief officer to check the container appearance when the containers are being loaded and record any adverse circumstances to the owner such as breakage of the container appearance、beam deformation、seal missing, and request the port authority to issue the <>or any other relevant documents to protect the interest of the owner. The captain should also notice that the container stowage should meet the requirement of the <> which is approved by the competent authority and the shipping practices. 2. 通常集裝箱的加固工作由港方完成，船長(zhǎng)應(yīng)督促大副在裝貨前根據(jù)本船經(jīng)主管機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn)的《系固手冊(cè)》指導(dǎo)碼頭裝卸工進(jìn)行加固，并于完畢后派水手長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)檢查，確保能抵御航行中所遇到的各種危險(xiǎn)。如果加固工作由本船船員完成，同樣應(yīng)督促大副對(duì)加固要求進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)說(shuō)明和完工檢查。對(duì)集裝箱的加固檢查情況應(yīng)記錄在《航海日志》中。 Usually the container lashing work is finished by the port authority, the Captain should urge the chief officer to guide the stevedore about the lashing work according with the <> which is approved by the competent authority before loading, and ask the bosun to check to ensure the vessel can defend any dangerous issue during the voyage. If the lashing work is finished by the crew, the captain should also urge the chief officer to make a guidance and check for the lashing work. All the container lashing circumstances should be recored in the <>. 3. 集裝箱裝卸完畢后一定要妥善封艙，特別是航線(xiàn)路經(jīng)惡劣航區(qū)時(shí)所有艙鎖必須鎖好。平時(shí)應(yīng)做好艙蓋的維護(hù)保養(yǎng)工作，防止艙蓋下防水槽內(nèi)的水有可能倒灌艙內(nèi)。 The tank should be well locked after loading or discharging, especially when the vessel pass the terrible navigating zone. The hatch cover should be well maintained to prevent the water in the capillary break flow backward to the tank. 4. 航行中船長(zhǎng)應(yīng)督促大副做好集裝箱加固的檢查工作，將檢查情況和結(jié)果應(yīng)記錄在《航海日志》中，尤其是惡劣天氣即將到來(lái)前。對(duì)冷藏箱應(yīng)安排甲板部人員每班或按照貨主要求的時(shí)間間隔檢查一次并記錄冷箱的溫度，發(fā)現(xiàn)冷藏箱工作不正常，應(yīng)組織船方的技術(shù)人員全力解決，同時(shí)電告機(jī)務(wù)主管（對(duì)于租出的船舶，向租家代理報(bào)告），以便獲得岸基支持。 The Captain should urge the chief officer to check the container lashing work in the sailing, and the check circumstances and outcomes should be recorded in the <>, especially before the approaching terrible weather. The captain should arrange the deck department crew to check and record the reefer container temperature per duty or according to time intervals required by the cargo owner, once the reefer container is found working abnormally, the captain should organize the technical crew to tackle with the malfunction and report to the technical supervisor (to the charterer’s agent if the ship has been chartered) to gain the ashore assistance. 5. 如遇惡劣天氣，船長(zhǎng)有權(quán)決定停止諸如檢查冷箱溫度和集裝箱綁扎等甲板工作，待惡劣天氣過(guò)后再作詳細(xì)檢查，必要時(shí)抵港后遞交海事聲明。 The captain is at liberty to stop the deck work such as checking the reefer container temperature and container lashing if the encounter the terrible weather, and arrange the crew to make a specific check after the terrible weather, and hand in the maritime statement if necessary after arrived in port.. 6. 船長(zhǎng)應(yīng)督促大副做好集裝箱貨艙污水井的保養(yǎng)工作，保持污水井內(nèi)無(wú)雜物、無(wú)堵塞現(xiàn)象。督促輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)做好貨艙污水泵的保養(yǎng)工作，保證能夠隨時(shí)抽出貨艙污水井的積水，防止貨艙積水對(duì)集裝箱的水濕，造成貨損情況，尤其是在雨季和惡劣天氣過(guò)后。 The Captain should urge the chief officer to maintain the drain well of the container tank, and keep the drain well clean and clear. The Captain should also urge the chief engineer to maintain the bilge pump in order to ensure it can pump the water from the tank drain at any time, to prevent the cargo damage caused by water moisten, especially after the rainy season and bad weather. 7. 船長(zhǎng)應(yīng)時(shí)刻牢記：在集裝箱卸到碼頭以前仍然在其管理之中。因此，對(duì)集裝箱卸貨過(guò)程中外表狀況的檢查同樣重要。 The Captain should always remember that: the containers are still under the management of the Captain before it’s discharged to the wharf. Therefore, it is also very important to check the container appearance during the discharging. 備注1. 通常在集裝箱提單中承運(yùn)人加入了不知條款（即：承運(yùn)人接收的對(duì)象是集裝箱，有關(guān)箱內(nèi)貨物的狀況和詳細(xì)情況一概不知，以保護(hù)承運(yùn)人的利益）。然而，貨主如能夠舉證說(shuō)明，承運(yùn)人明知貨物情況且又訂上不知條款，仍不能免責(zé)。船方未必知道承運(yùn)人是否知道貨物的詳細(xì)情況，但無(wú)論如何船方應(yīng)克盡職守，最大限度地保管好貨物。 REMARK 1. Usually, the carrier adds the unknown clause in the container bill of lading (that is: the carrier just receive the container and does not know the details about the cargo in the container in order to protect the carrier’s interest). However, the carrier still takes responsibility if the consignor can prove that the carrier knew the details about the cargo in the container while still add the unknown clause in the bill of lading. The ship may not know whether the carrier knows the details about the cargo, however, the ship should do their best to protect the cargo. 備注2. 提單中承運(yùn)人訂有貨物檢查權(quán)條款（即：承運(yùn)人對(duì)集裝箱內(nèi)裝載貨物有懷疑時(shí)或積載不正常時(shí)開(kāi)箱檢查而無(wú)需事先得到托運(yùn)人的同意）。當(dāng)然，一般情況下應(yīng)征得貨主同意。 REMARK 2. The carrier add the cargo inspection clause in the B/L ( that is: if the stowage is not normal or the carrier suspects the cargo, the carrier can open the container for inspection without the shipper’s agreement). Certainly, the carrier should obtain the agreement from the consignor under normal circumstances .