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Unit 20New Frontiers,開 篇 背 誦 議論文(各抒己見類) [典型例題] (鄭州市質(zhì)量預(yù)測)根據(jù)下圖中的信息，寫一篇你對使用一次性筷子的看法的英語短文。 詞數(shù)：100左右。 參考詞匯：一次性筷子 disposable chopsticks,[寫作提示] 1. 各抒己見類議論文既不是對一篇界定某物的利和弊的議論文，也不是贊成或反對擇其一的議論文，而是針對某個社會現(xiàn)象或觀點，根據(jù)自己的認識展開討論的文章。 2. 此類議論文要求觀點鮮明，言之有理，切記自己的觀點要有積極向上的人生態(tài)度。,[佳作欣賞] From the picture we can see a pair of disposable chopsticks made from trees. It is common to see disposable chopsticks used in restaurants. Many people prefer them because they think they are convenient and clean.,Actually, disposable chopsticks bring us more disadvantages than advantages. To begain with, it is a waste of wood. Millions of trees are cut down to make chopsticks every year, which is bad for the environment. Secondly, disposable chopsticks are not clean at all because they are roughly made by small factories. Besides, they are thrown everywhere after being used, making the ground dirty.,It is time we stopped using disposable chopsticks. The government should take measures to prevent such chopsticks from being produced. Only in this way can we protect the environment.,[名師點評] 1. 短文首先引出話題，而后提出自己的觀點“more disadvantages than advantages”，進而對此觀點進行闡述。該短文敘述條理、思路清晰，語言運用準(zhǔn)確地道。 2. 短文運用了一些較高級的詞語：Actually; more than; To begin with; Secondly; Besides；millions of; cut down, not＋adj.＋at all; take measures to do等。 3. 本文較多使用了復(fù)雜句式：It is common to do sth.; which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；make＋復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；It is time sb. did sth.及其倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)Only in this way.。,教 材 自 主 回 歸 記記單詞,1．r________n．放射；輻射→___________adj.放射性的 2．e________n．平等→________adj.平等的→________adv.平等地 3．d________n．開端，開始 4．p___________n．程序；步驟 5．d________vt.捐贈，贈送→________n．捐贈 6．o___________adj.直言的，坦率的→________n．后果；結(jié)果,radiation,radioactive,equality,equal,equally,dawn,procedure,donate,donation,outspoken,outcome,7．p____________n．現(xiàn)象→____________(復(fù)數(shù)形式) 8．o__________adj.頭頂上的→________vt.&vi.戰(zhàn)勝，克服→________vt.&vi.做得過分→________vt.俯瞰，眺望→___________n．超重 9．p________vt.按；壓；n.新聞界→________n．按，壓，擠 10．p________n．毒藥；毒物→__________adj.有毒的,phenomenon,phenomena,overhead,overcome,overdo,overlook,overweight,press,pressure,poison,poisonous,記記短語 1.What I'm trying to say is that we sent the questions to her programmers ____________(預(yù)先) 2．The US will Saturday ____________(接管)control of immigration in the Northern Mariana Islands. 3．If you ____________(泄露)information that should be kept secret, you will be punished. 4．The navy turned to Eckert, an engineer, and Mauchly, a physicist, to ________________________(努力解決難題)and produce a machine to do the job.,in advance,take over,give away,wrestle with the problem,記記句型 變1.____________________(到2015年)，________________________ (服裝業(yè)將生產(chǎn)出新的材料)that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them. 2．We ________________________________ (將連接我們的大腦到)these computers and a huge database. 3．Edwin Hubble ____________(即將)make astronomy's greatest breakthrough of the century. 4．It measured ______________________________(100英尺長，10英尺多高)and weighed over 30 tonnes.,By the year 2015,the clothing industry will have produced new types of material,will be linking our brains to,was about to,100 feet long by over 10 feet high,教 材 知 識 探 究 詞 語 解 讀,1. assist v．幫助，援助，協(xié)助 assist sb.in/with sth. 幫助某人某事 assist sb. in doing sth. 幫助某人干某事 assist sb. to do sth.幫助某人干某事 assistantn.助理，助手 adj.(常用于頭銜)助理的，副的 assistance n．幫助，援助，支持 come to sb.'s assistance 幫助某人,[預(yù)測題] ①The play was directed by Mike Johnson， ________ by Sharon Gale. A．a(chǎn)ssisted in B．a(chǎn)ssisting in C．a(chǎn)ssisted D．to assist 答案：C,2. latter n．后者；adj.后面的，后者的，較后的，近來的 He presented two solutions. The latter seems much better. 他提出了兩個解決方案，后一個看起來要好得多。 The latter point is the most important. 后面提及的那一點是最重要的。,[詞語辨析] latter, late, lately, later, latest與last ①latter adj.常與the連用，表示列舉的兩個事物中的后面一個，與the former相對。 ②late adj.&adv.表示時間上的遲或晚。 ③lately adv.相當(dāng)于recently，表示“最近，近來”之意，強調(diào)時間點，多用于過去時，表示時間長度，多用于完成時。,④later adj.&adv.表示“以后的，后期的，后來，較晚地”，還可以與時間名詞連用，表示“……之后”，用于過去時和將來時。 ⑤latest adj.最近的，最新的。 ⑥last adj.表示“最后的”時，與first相對；表示“剛過去的，上一次的”，與next相對，還可表示“最不可能的，最不愿意的，最不合適的”。adv.最后，最近，上一次。,[用latter, late, lately, later, latest或last的適當(dāng)形式填空] ②Although it was ________， yet he worked on the farm by the moon light. ③He made no close friends during ________ years. ④Of the two choices, I prefer the ________. ⑤Her skirt is the ________ style. ⑥She is the ________ woman I expected to see. ⑦I haven't write to her ________. ⑧She came back ten years ________.,late,later,latter,latest,last,lately,later,3. starvation n．挨餓，餓死 die of starvation 餓死 starve vi.& vt.(使)挨餓；(使)餓死；急需；渴望(常與for連用) starve for sth.渴望得到某物 starve sb.of sth.使某人得不到某物而受苦或渴望獲得某物 starve to death 餓死 be starving 非常饑餓,[用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空] ⑨Millions of people starved ________ death during the war. ⑩The lonely child is starving ________ companionship. ?The children had been starved ________ love for years.,to,for,of,4. conflict n．爭執(zhí)；沖突；矛盾；vt.爭執(zhí)，沖突 come into conflict with sb. over sth.與某人在某事上產(chǎn)生矛盾/沖突 in conflict with和……沖突 conflict with和……沖突,[考試題] ?(仙桃一中)In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the ________ in personality. A. conflict B. contrast C. contact D. concern 答案：A,[預(yù)測題] ?All these actions by the NATO ________ with the universally accepted international laws. A. contacted B. contrasted C. connected D. conflicted 答案與解析：D 句意：北約的這些行動都與公認的國際法相抵觸。,5. take over v．接替，接管 take away拿走，帶走；移去；消除 take back取回，帶回；收回 take down拿下，取下；記下 take in吸收，攝取；理解，領(lǐng)會；欺騙 take off起飛；脫掉，拿去；取消 take on承擔(dān)，從事 take up開始從事，著手處理 Take it easy.別緊張，別著急，慢慢來。,Who do you think will take over now that the governor has been dismissed? 州長已被免職，你看會由誰來接任呢？ I'm feeling too tired to drive any more; will you take over? 我累得開不動車了，你來接手好嗎？,[解題警示] take sb. over to.意為“從一地送某人到另一地”，而takes sth. over(from sb.)意為“從某人手中接管……”。 Mr.Smith is old and the only one to take over his business is his nephew. 史密斯先生老了，唯一能夠接管他的生意的人是他的侄子。,[考試題] ?(江蘇)Frequently single-parent children ________ some of the functions that the absent adult in the house would have served. A. take on B. take up C. take in D. take after 答案：A,?(保定調(diào)研)After studying English for four years in a university, Jane ________ her job as an interpreter in the capital. A. set out B. set up C. took off D. took up 答案與解析：D 考查動詞詞組辨析。此處take up表示“從事”。前三項分別表示“出發(fā)，開始”“建立”“脫掉，起飛”，都不符合語境。,6. rescue vt.&n.拯救；救援；營救 rescue sb. from將某人從……中解救出來 come/go to one's rescue去救某人 He rescued three children from the burning building. 他從失火的高樓內(nèi)救出了三個孩子。,[詞語辨析] rescue與save ①rescue多指在直接的危險或禍患中給予迅速而有效的救援，一般指救人。 ②save是普通而含義廣泛的常用詞，指通過救援不但使受害者(人、動物或物)能脫離危險或禍患，而且使其在今后能安全地生存下去。,[預(yù)測題] ?The life boat was sent out to ________ the sailors from the sinking ship. A. rescue B. prevent C. protect D. keep 答案：A,[用rescue或save的適當(dāng)形式填空] ?He sacrificed his life to ________ another. ?I once ________ some animals from the flood.,rescue,saved,7. donate vt.捐贈，贈送 donate sth. to sb. /sth. 捐贈……給…… donate blood 獻血 donation n．捐贈，捐贈物，捐款 give/make/present a donation to.捐贈,[預(yù)測題] ?(2008·山東威海模擬)—She decided to ________ the kidney(腎)of her dying son to a sick boy in the hospital. —She is a great mother. A．contribute B．donate C．subscribe D．sell 答案：B,8. meanwhile adv.其間，同時，在那當(dāng)中 n．其時，其間 meanwhile＝meantime＝at the same time in the meanwhile 在此期間，同時 [解題警示] ①meanwhile不能作連詞，所以不能引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。 ②meantime可作名詞，比meanwhile更為普遍；作為副詞不及meanwhile普遍。,[詞語辨析] meanwhile，during與while ①meanwhile意為“同時”，與at the same time意思相同；意為“期間”時，是副詞，在句中單獨做狀語。 ②during意為“在……期間”，是介詞，后接名詞，代詞做賓語。 ③while意為“在……期間”，是連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。,[考試題] ?(浙江)The incomes of skilled workers went up. ________， unskilled workers saw their earnings fall. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Meanwhile D. Otherwise 答案與解析：C 句意：有經(jīng)驗的工人的工資在上漲，但同時沒經(jīng)驗的工人卻看著他們的工資下降。根據(jù)句意是指有經(jīng)驗工人和非技術(shù)工人工資漲落的對比情況，meanwhile意為“同時”，故選C項。,[用meanwhile, during或while的適當(dāng)形式填空] Mother went shopping; ________， I cleaned the house. She listened closely ________ he read the letter. They met and fell in love with each other ________ the Second World War.,meanwhile,while,during,9. cure vt.治愈 cure sb. of a disease治愈某人的病 a cure for cancer治療癌癥的藥物 The doctor cured the pain in my back. 醫(yī)生治好了我的背疼。 I can give you some medicine to cure your headache. 我可以給你點藥治你的頭痛。,[詞語辨析] cure, treat, heal與recover ①cure為及物動詞，意為“治療；治愈”，多用于用藥物治療并治愈某種疾病或改正不良習(xí)氣。 ②treat為日常用語，及物動詞，意為“治療；醫(yī)治”，指治療病人的全過程或活動。 ③heal可為及物或不及物，意為“治愈(傷口)；醫(yī)治，(傷口)愈合”，指治好外傷或燒傷后的患部，使傷口愈合，不用于治感冒等疾病。 ④recover為不及物動詞，意為“痊愈，康復(fù)”，主要是指從病中痊愈了，常與from連用。,[預(yù)測題] —I heard your father was badly ill in hospital. —Yes, but he has almost ________ and is out of hospital. He is going back to work next week. A. cured B. treated C. healed D. recovered 答案與解析：D 本題考查易混動詞的辨析。cure和treat為及物動詞，需后接賓語，此處不合適。heal主要指傷口愈合，不用于治感冒等疾病。recover意為“痊愈，康復(fù)”。根據(jù)句意此處是“病好康復(fù)”。,[用cure, treat, heal或recover的適當(dāng)形式填空] B25He's now fully ________ from his bad cold. B26There are only two doctors to ________ more than 50 patients. B27That will ________ him of his bad habits. B28The wound on my leg has ________.,recovered,treat,cure,healed,10. permit v．許可，允許 permit sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事 permit doing sth. 允許做某事 permit of 許可，準(zhǔn)許 permission n．允許，許可,[解題警示] permit/allow doing sth.與permit/allow sb. to do sth.的不同搭配要注意區(qū)別。在be permitted to do sth.中，to do sth.不可用doing sth.來代替。 [詞語辨析] allow與permit ①兩者后面都能接名詞或動名詞作賓語，以不定式作賓補，通?？梢曰Q。 ②permit表示“允許，許可”時語氣較強，有賦予權(quán)利之意，常用于法律、規(guī)章制度等方面。allow是常用語，一般指聽任或默認某人去做某事，僅僅表示不想妨礙之意。 ③allow可用來表示客氣的請求。,[考試題] (北京市崇文區(qū))Maria's father is very strict with her and won't allow ________ to fail. A．her B．him C．herself D．himself 答案與解析：A 由句意知人稱代詞應(yīng)為與Maria一致的her，構(gòu)成短語allow sb. to do sth.“允許某人做某事”。故選A項。,[預(yù)測題] I'm sorry.I can't give you the telephone number without Mr.Smith's ________. A．permission B．a(chǎn)llowing C．a(chǎn)greement D．performance 答案與解析：A permission許可，允許；without permission未經(jīng)許可；allowing允許，承認；agreement同意，一致；協(xié)定，協(xié)議；performance履行，執(zhí)行；表演，演奏。句意：對不起，未經(jīng)史密斯先生的許可我不能給你電話號碼。,11. declare v．表明；聲明；宣布；宣告；宣稱 declare sth. 宣布某事 declare sb./sth.(to be)＋adj. 宣布某人/某物…… declare off 取消(約定等) declare for/against sb./sth. 表示贊成/不贊成某人/某事 declaration n．宣言；宣告；聲明(書)；申報,[考試題] B31(合肥168中學(xué))The judges had different ideas about the results, so it was two hours before the results were ________. A．cried out B．let out C．a(chǎn)nnounced D．declared 答案與解析：C announce多用于宣布人們所關(guān)心或感興趣的事情，尤指新聞之類的消息；declare多用于宣戰(zhàn)、議和等；cry out喊出來；let out泄露，放大。句意：法官對結(jié)果有不同的意見，所以兩個小時后才宣布結(jié)果。故選C項。,句 型 剖 析 1. Some like to read fantasy stories and imagine what the world will be like in 10,50 or even 1,000 years' time.一些人喜歡讀奇幻故事，并且想象10年，50年或1000年后世界的樣子。 這是一個主從復(fù)合句，Some like to read fantasy stories and imagine是主句，what the world will be like是賓語從句，作imagine的賓語；in 10,50 or even 1,000 year's time是賓語從句的時間狀語。,what＝the thing(s) which/that常常引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語或定語，可以翻譯為……的東西/地方/樣子/時間/數(shù)量等等，有時what還可翻譯為“什么”。,[解題警示] what在句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語，而that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時不作任何成份，只起引導(dǎo)作用。 That you don't like him is none of my business. 你不喜歡他不關(guān)我的事。 What you like is none of my business. 你喜歡什么不關(guān)我的事。 I believed what he told me. 我相信他對我說的。 He pointed to what looked like a tree. 他指指那個像是樹的東西。,[考試題] ①(上海十四校)Determination is a kind of basic quality and is ________ it takes to do jobs well. A. what B. that C. which D. why 答案與解析：A 考查名詞性從句。本句考查表語從句，what引導(dǎo)表語從句，并在表語從句中作take的賓語。,②(綿陽診斷)After months of voyage, Columbus arrived in ________ later proved a new continent. A. where B. what C. which D. that 答案與解析：B 考查名詞性從句。從句中可以看出介詞in后面的從句中缺少主語，因此選擇what，并充當(dāng)介詞in的賓語。,2. By the year 2015, the clothing industry will have produced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them. 到2015年，服裝業(yè)將生產(chǎn)出一種新型布料，無論你將什么東西灑在上面都不會留下污漬。,no matter＋who/what/which/when/where/how “不管……”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句 No matter who they are(＝Whoever they are)，they will have to obey the traffic rules. 無論他們是誰，都要遵守交通規(guī)則。 No matter how difficult it is(＝However difficult it is), we must overcome it. 不管多么難，我們都要克服它。,[解題警示] no matter what/who/which只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，whatever/whoever/whichever既可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，引導(dǎo)狀語從句時兩者可互換。 No matter what you do, you should try your best. ＝Whatever you do, you should try your best. 不管做什么，你都應(yīng)當(dāng)盡力。 Take whatever you want.你要什么就拿什么吧。,[考試題] ③(江西五校)Many American students believe that their best effort should earn them good grades, ________ their test answers and essays turn out. A. no matter how B. whatever C. no matter what D. whichever 答案與解析：A 考查讓步狀語從句。所填引導(dǎo)詞作讓步狀語從句的方式狀語，故選A項。,④(泉州質(zhì)檢)All the books I have are here. You may borrow ________ you like. A. whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. however 答案與解析：B 本句要求“在我這里所有的書”的范圍內(nèi)，故用whichever，而whatever則沒有范圍。,⑤(北京市東城區(qū)) In the earthquake, parents were willing to do ________ they could ________ their children. A．whatever; save B．whatever; to save C．what; saving D．what; to save 答案與解析：B 本題考查whatever的用法及不定式。whatever的意思是“無論什么”，在句中引導(dǎo)一個名詞性從句，做do的賓語，其中they could后面省略了謂語動詞do，不定式to save做目的狀語。,⑥(沈陽質(zhì)量監(jiān)測)The chief manager has decided to put ________ he thinks is energetic, clever and capable to the position of the leadership of the company. A. whatever B. whoever C. whichever D. whomever 答案與解析：B 原句中he thinks為插入語，is的前面缺主語故排除D項；whoever＝anyone who。,3. It measured 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 30 tonnes.它長100英尺，高10英尺，重30多噸。 表示事物的長、寬、高、面積、年齡等，有以下句型： ①主語＋be＋數(shù)量詞＋形容詞(long/wide/high/tall/heavy/old/large.)。 ②主語＋be＋數(shù)量詞＋in＋名詞(length/width/height/weight/age/size/area.)。,③主語＋have/has＋a＋名詞(length/width/height/weight/age/size/area.)of＋數(shù)量詞。 ④The＋名詞(length/width/height/weight/age/size/area.)＋of sb./sth.＋be＋數(shù)量詞。,隨 堂 檢 測 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．M________ (大量)of books covered every corner of the room and there is no room for people to sit. 2．It is believed that there is _______________(歧視)against women in public life. 3．The young nurse was very nervous when she a________ in her first operation. 4．She looked at the house and a________ its price at 200,000 dollars.,Masses,discrimination,assisted,assessed,5．Susan went to tidy up the house; m________， Lily started to do some washing. 6．P________ man made himself tools from sharp stones and animal bones. 7．It was announced that only when the fire was under control would the residents be p________ to return to their homes. 8．We have time and again d________ to the world that we'll never be the first to use nuclear weapons.,meanwhile,Primitive,permitted,declared,Ⅱ.選擇填空(有兩項為多余選項) in advance, give away, take over, wrestle with, die of, in case, not to mention 1．When Mr.King retired, his daughter ____________ the business from him. 2．I can't afford to buy a used car now ____________ a new one. 3．I was advised to arrange for insurance ____________ I needed medical treatment.,took over,not to mention,in case,4．If you want to get the book, you must pay for it ____________. 5．Don't mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may ____________ the shocking ending.,in advance,give away,Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示翻譯句子 1．無論誰違反規(guī)定，都要受到懲罰。(whoever) 答案：Whoever breaks the rule should be punished. 2．那座古塔高88米。(height) 答案：The old tower is 88 meters in height.或The old tower has a height of 88 meters.或The height of the old tower is 88 meters.,3．我擔(dān)心的是我們怎樣付這些東西的錢。(what) 答案：What worries me is how we're going to pay these things. 4．完成這項工作需要幾個月而不是幾周。(rather than) 答案：The job will take months rather than weeks. 5．沒有人比他更貪財。(better) 答案：Nobody loved money better than he did.,Ⅳ.交際用語 1．(桂平模擬)—It will be only half a month before we take the college entrance exam. —________. A．Congratulations B．Good luck C．Best wishes D．Cheer up 答案與解析：B Good luck“祝你好運”；Congratulations“祝賀你”，通常用于對別人的成功表示祝賀；Best wishes“祝你一切順意”；Cheer up“加油”，用于鼓勵。由句意知B項貼題。,2．(樂山調(diào)研)—Sorry，David.I'm afraid that I can't go to the concert by Jay Chou with you. —________ Who knows when he will be back here next time. A．What a shame! B．My pleasure. C．It doesn't matter. D．Take it easy. 答案與解析：A What a shame“真遺憾，真可惜”；My pleasure“很樂意”，用于他人表示感謝時；It doesn't matter“不要緊”；Take it easy“別擔(dān)心”。句意：誰知他(Jay Chou)下次會什么時候再來呢。言外之意就是錯過了這場音樂會是十分可惜的。故選A項。,Ⅴ.語法專練 1．(2010·青島月考) This time next week, that famous singing group ________ us a great performance in the stadium. A．would give B．will have given C．will be giving D．shall give 答案：C,2．(2010·濰坊測試) By the time he gets home, his father ________ for Paris on business. A. has left B. will have left C. had left D. will leave 答案：B,3．(2010·福建期末聯(lián)考)Jack always sleeps late on Sundays. I'm sure he ________ when we get to his home. A．is still sleeping B．is to be sleeping C．will still be sleeping D．will have been sleeping 答案：C,4. (2010·江蘇模擬)You won't be able to see him because he ________ a meeting in Suzhou when you arrive. A. will have had B. will be having C. will have D. is having 答案：B,5．(2010·撫順六校模擬)—I will come to attend your lecture at 1000 tomorrow. —I'm sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I ________ in my office. A．is being worked B．will work C. will be working D. will have worked 答案：C,6．(2010·山東濟寧)The book is ________ but boring; it is, in fact, rather exciting and fascinating. A．a(chǎn)nything B．nothing C．something D．a(chǎn)ll 答案：A,7．(2010·臨沂期末)The best job is ________ which uses your skill in doing something together with your interest in the subject. A. something B. the one C. one D. it 答案：C,8．(溫州五校聯(lián)考)A child who lives in an uninteresting environment will develop less intelligence than ________ who lives in a rich and changing environment. A. the one B. one C. those D. that 答案：B,9．(溫州五校聯(lián)考)On the train to Tibet, I met Paul, ________ I thought was a typical Englishman. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 答案：C,10．(2010·安徽兩地三校聯(lián)考) The selfless village doctor treated ________ came to his family without any charge. A. everyone B. anyone C. whoever D. who 答案：C,課時檢測?(Unit 20 New Frontiers),Ⅰ.單項填空 1．It was a long time before the cut on my hand ________ completely. A. healed B. cured C. improved D. recovered 答案與解析：A 本題考查易混動詞辨析。heal指治好外傷或燒傷后的患部，也可作不及物動詞用，指傷口愈合；cure指用藥物治療并治愈某種疾病或改正不良習(xí)氣；improve指病情有好轉(zhuǎn)；recover意為“痊愈，康復(fù)”。本題指手上的刀口，因此，用heal。,2．Everybody in the village knew about his death ________ he was killed. A. immediately B. shortly C. suddenly D. quickly 答案與解析：A immediately可用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，其意義相當(dāng)于as soon as。,3．At a rough estimate, Nigeria is ________ Great Britain. A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of 答案與解析：D 本題考查倍數(shù)的表示法。本題為“倍數(shù)＋thelength/size/area/height/width/depth/price/weight/age＋of”結(jié)構(gòu)。,4．Both the man and his horse ________ after the long ride. A. gave out B. worn out C. tired out D. run out 答案與解析：A 本題考查易混動詞詞組的辨析。give out分發(fā)，發(fā)出，發(fā)布，精疲力竭；worn out和tired out也意為“精疲力竭”，但均應(yīng)使用被動結(jié)構(gòu)。run out意為“用完”，沒有“精疲力竭”之意。,5．At the news of Qian Xuesen's sudden death, all his friends and fans were amazed and upset, ________ his wife. A. other than B. rather than C. let alone D. much less,答案與解析：C 本題主要考查易混詞組的辨析。other than意為“除了，除了……以外”；rather than.意為“是……而不是……”；let alone意為“更不用說”，表示遞進；much less表示的是遞減，他妻子比朋友和粉絲更難過，而不是程度次之。句意：聽到錢學(xué)森突然去世的消息，他所有的朋友和粉絲們都很震驚和難過，“更不用說”他妻子了。,6．Palestine often ________ Israel as a result of religion and other reasons all the year round. A．conflicts with B．conflicts to C．disagrees with D．disagrees to 答案與解析：A 句意：巴勒斯坦與以色列由于宗教信仰及其他原因長年沖突不斷。conflict with與……沖突，相矛盾；disagree with不同意……。,7．If most breadwinners ________ a day's pay to the Hope Project, then it will be hopeful. A. gift B. present C. donate D. give 答案與解析：C 句意：如果大多數(shù)掙錢的人捐出一天的收入給希望工程，那么該工程就有希望了。donate“捐贈(給慈善事業(yè)或者組織)”，符合題意。gift指“賦予某種才能”，常用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)；present“贈送；呈現(xiàn)”，通常有儀式；give“給予”，為普通用詞。,8．—What happened to Sam? —A ________ of snow and rock broke away and fell on him when he was climbing. A. mass B. many C. number D. plenty 答案與解析：A 句意：——山姆怎么了？——當(dāng)他爬山時，一堆積雪和巖石突然崩落到他身上。a mass of“大量的”，可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。many和a number of后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；plenty of既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，但不與冠詞a搭配。,9．The scholars were trying to ________ many elements upon which the future of the earth depended. A. evaluate B. calculate C. estimate D. assess 答案與解析：D 句意：學(xué)者們正在努力對各種影響地球未來的因素進行評價。assess指對某人或某一形勢認真作出“判斷；評價”，也可指對某物的價值“作出準(zhǔn)確估計”。evaluate指用人們熟悉的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“評定人或物的價值”；calculate計算；estimate根據(jù)人的經(jīng)驗和知識對事物作出粗略的甚至是錯誤的推斷或評價。,10．—Why did John come to your house yesterday? —He asked me to ________ him in finding somewhere to live. A．provide B．a(chǎn)rouse C．a(chǎn)ssist D．persist 答案與解析：C 句意：——昨天湯姆為什么去你家呢？——他要我?guī)退覀€住的地方。assist sb. in doing sth.“幫助某人干某事”，為固定用法。provide sb. with sth.向某人提供某物；arouse喚醒，喚起；persist堅持。,11．A diligent work, however, does not necessarily ________ many achievements or honors. A. take over B. result in C. hold