2015年電大本科《現(xiàn)代漢語專題》期未考試重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)資料小抄.doc
《2015年電大本科《現(xiàn)代漢語專題》期未考試重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)資料小抄.doc》由會員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《2015年電大本科《現(xiàn)代漢語專題》期未考試重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)資料小抄.doc(6頁珍藏版)》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
電大《現(xiàn)代漢語專題》期未復(fù)習(xí)考試資料小抄 一、判斷正誤 說明:正確的打鉤,錯誤的打叉。 1.“要”的漢語拼音是yao,這個音節(jié)的韻母中的韻頭是i。(√ ) 2.北方方言內(nèi)部語音系統(tǒng)沒有任何差別,高度一致。( ) 3.復(fù)韻母就是韻腹位于幾個音素中間的韻母,例如ian、uang。()、 4.“有時間來學(xué)習(xí)”和“有條件來學(xué)習(xí)”的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)相同,都是連動式。(√ ) 5.普通話語音系統(tǒng)中能充當(dāng)韻頭的音素是i、u、y、w。( ) 6.從結(jié)構(gòu)看,現(xiàn)代漢語詞的發(fā)展趨勢是由單純詞向合成詞發(fā)展。(√ ) 7.“得”字右下角的部件只能構(gòu)成一個漢字,不是基礎(chǔ)部件。( ) 8.現(xiàn)代漢字系統(tǒng)中,合體字?jǐn)?shù)量要多于獨(dú)體字。(√) 9.網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言是一種獨(dú)立于現(xiàn)實(shí)語言之外的一種語言。( ) 10.網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言產(chǎn)生的原因與網(wǎng)民使用方言有關(guān),所以屬于地域方言。( ) 11.北方話詞匯系統(tǒng)中所有的詞,普通話都要吸收。( ) 12.人口的流動將對語言和方言的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生很大影響。(√ ) 13.根據(jù)音節(jié)拼寫規(guī)則,在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中,u行韻母中的u-律要換成w。() 14.短語的結(jié)構(gòu)類別和功能類別是對應(yīng)的,例如定中短語就是名詞性短語。( ) 15.普通話韻母的元音韻尾只有i和u兩個。(√ ) 16.現(xiàn)代漢語語素以單音節(jié)為主,詞以雙音節(jié)為主。(√) 17.成字部件就是合成部件,只不過劃分的角度不同。() 18.漢字字?jǐn)?shù)繁多的根本原因是漢字結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。() 19.輸入文字快捷簡便的要求是網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言產(chǎn)生的重要原因。( √ ) 20. -些比較流行的網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言會進(jìn)入現(xiàn)實(shí)語言交際領(lǐng)域。( √ )1534 21.韻母10U、uei、uen的拼寫形式在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中永遠(yuǎn)不會出現(xiàn)。(√) 22.普通話要以白話文著作作為語法規(guī)范。( ) 23.方言是地域文化的反映,因此方言不應(yīng)該被消滅,而應(yīng)該保留。(√) 24.普通話語音系統(tǒng)中唯一一對清濁對立的輔音都是舌尖后音。(√) 25.定位語素全部都是詞綴,非定位語素就是詞根。( ) 26.動詞和形容詞的主要區(qū)別是動詞可以充當(dāng)謂語。() 27.漢字和音節(jié)是對應(yīng)的,普通話一個音節(jié)只用一個漢字記錄。() 28.漢字是記錄漢語的法定文字,所以漢字中不能夾雜非漢字符號。() 29.網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言產(chǎn)生的原因與網(wǎng)民使用方言有關(guān),所以屬于地域方言。() 30.網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言會對現(xiàn)實(shí)語言產(chǎn)生一定影響。(√ ) 31.北方話語匯系統(tǒng)中所有的詞,普通話都要吸收。() 32.社會方言的主要特點(diǎn)是語匯比較特殊,但沒有獨(dú)特的語音語法系統(tǒng)。(√ ) 33.韻母10U、uei、uen的拼寫形式在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中永遠(yuǎn)也不會出現(xiàn)。(√) 34.短語是構(gòu)成句子的基礎(chǔ),具有表述性特點(diǎn)。() 35.普通話音節(jié)的突出特點(diǎn)是元音占優(yōu)勢。(√) 36.“白菜”和“白紙”內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)相同,都是詞。( ) 37.字符也是部件,他們的區(qū)別是觀察劃分漢字的角度不同。( ) 38.“林、明、體、采”都是會意字。(√ ) 39.在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布信息的語言就是網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言。( ) 40.網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言最突出的特點(diǎn)是它的變異性。(√) 二、舉例解釋下列術(shù)語(每詞2分,共10分) 1.用漢語拼音字母寫出充當(dāng)下列音節(jié)的韻頭和韻腹的元音(10分) ①yuan:韻頭n,韻腹a。 ②zhui:韻頭u,韻腹e。 ③wang:韻頭u,韻腹Q。 ④quan:韻頭n,韻腹Q。 ⑤jiu:韻頭i,韻腹o。 2.從構(gòu)詞法角度分析下列合成詞的結(jié)構(gòu)方式。(10分) ①戰(zhàn)斗:并列式 ②戰(zhàn)馬:限定式 ③臥鋪:限定式 ④變化:并列式 ⑤綠化:后附式 3.分析下面詞組的結(jié)構(gòu)層次關(guān)系。(10分) ①挖掘煤炭的工人 ②挖掘煤炭的表層 4.從不同角度糾正下面句子中存在的問題。(10分) 解題提示:下面的句子,可能在語匯、語法、漢字書寫方面有錯誤,注意糾正。直接寫出正確的句子即可,不需要說明糾正的原因。 ① 青年朋友們,努力吧,未來的鴻圖要靠我們來描繪。 改:①青年朋友們,努力吧,未來的宏圖要靠我們來描繪。 ②我報(bào)設(shè)立了“改革芻議”欄目,歡迎讀者參與。 改:②我報(bào)設(shè)立了“改革小議”欄目,歡迎讀者參與。 ③這篇文章,針貶時弊,觀點(diǎn)鮮明,受到了讀者的好評。 改:③這篇文章,針砭時弊,觀點(diǎn)鮮明,受到了讀者的好評。 ④這一張張笑容,一顆顆紅心,匯成了愛的海洋。 改:④這一張張笑臉,一顆顆紅心,匯成了愛的海洋。 ⑤這是新老顧客備受信賴的名牌產(chǎn)品。 改:⑤這是備受新老顧客信賴的名牌產(chǎn)品。 5.韻腹: 韻腹是韻母中的主要元音,一般由開口度最大的元音充當(dāng),如果韻母中只有一個元音,這個元音就是韻腹。例如韻母uai,Q是韻腹,韻母ing,i是韻腹。 6.敬辭: 敬辭是對交際對象表示尊敬的詞語,例如“令尊、貴姓、高壽”等等。 7.虛詞: 虛詞就是不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句法成分的詞,也沒有實(shí)在意義,例如“了、吧、呢”是虛詞。 8.非主謂句: 非主謂句就是句子結(jié)構(gòu)中沒有主語和謂語之分的句子,由主謂短語以外的短語構(gòu)成。 9記號: 記號就是跟文字所代表的意義或讀音沒有聯(lián)系的字符。例如“河”字中的“可”。 10聲調(diào)是貫穿一個音節(jié)的高低升降的調(diào)子,由音高變化形成,具有區(qū)別意義的作用。例如普通話有陰平、陽平、上聲、去聲四個聲調(diào)。 11.韻尾就是韻母中位于韻腹后面的一個音素,通常由元音或輔音充當(dāng)。例如韻母uai,n是韻腹,i是韻尾,韻母ing,i是韻腹,ng是韻尾。 12.合成詞是由兩個或兩個以上的語素構(gòu)成的詞,例如“高興、研究、國家”。 13.體賓動詞就是只能帶名詞性成分充當(dāng)賓語的動詞,例如“閱讀、購買”等動詞。 14.焦點(diǎn)是指句子新信息的重點(diǎn)。例如“把敵人打敗了”,其中“敗”就是焦點(diǎn)。 15.聲符就是跟文字所代表的聲音有聯(lián)系的字符。例如“爸”中的“巴”就是聲符。三、綜合分析應(yīng)用題 16合詞由兩個以上的詞根語素組合構(gòu)成的合成詞。例如“江山、海洋、農(nóng)民”等等。 17雙賓動詞就是可以同時帶兩個賓語的動詞。例如“送你一朵花”,“送”有兩個賓語。 18詞類就是按照詞的語法功能劃分出來的類別。例如名詞、動詞、形容詞。 19字部件就是可以獨(dú)立成為一個漢字的部件。例如“好”中的“女、子”就是成字部件。 20.單韻母就是由一個元音獨(dú)立構(gòu)成的韻母,例如普通話韻母Q、o、e就是單韻母。 21.同義詞就是意義相同相近的一組詞,例如“教誨一教導(dǎo)”就是一組同義詞。 22實(shí)詞是能夠獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句法成分的詞,例如名詞“太陽”、動詞“考慮”都是實(shí)詞。 23謂句就是由主謂短語構(gòu)成的句子。例如“太陽出來了”、“風(fēng)來了”就是主謂句。 24聲字就是由意符和聲符構(gòu)成的漢字,例如“媽”,“女”是意符,“馬”是聲符。 三、綜合分析應(yīng)用題(共40分) 1.寫出充當(dāng)下列音節(jié)的韻頭和韻腹的元音(10分) ①juan:韻頭:n韻腹:Q ②zhun:韻頭:u韻腹:e ③yang:韻頭:i韻腹:a ④xue:韻頭:n韻腹:宅 ⑤qiu:韻頭:i韻腹:o 2從構(gòu)詞法角度分析下列合成詞的結(jié)構(gòu)方式。(10分) ①戰(zhàn)爭:并列式②戰(zhàn)場:限定式③金黃:限定式 ④金子:后附式⑤老虎:前附式 3分析下面詞組的結(jié)構(gòu)層次關(guān)系(10分) ①修剪蘋果樹的贅枝 ②修剪蘋果樹的技術(shù) 4.從不同角度糾正下面句子中存在的問題(10分) 解題提示:下面的句子,可能在語匯、語法、漢字書寫方面有錯誤,注意糾正。直接寫出正確的句子即可,不需要說明糾正的原因。 ① 這些年輕人的拙作,語句表達(dá)很差,我們實(shí)在是不敢恭維。 改:①這些年輕人的作品,語句表達(dá)很差,我們實(shí)在是不敢恭維。 ② 已經(jīng)夠亂乎的了,你就別瞎攙和了。 改:②已經(jīng)夠亂乎的了,你就剔瞎摻合了。 ③ 我們把任務(wù)一定能夠按時完成,請大家放心! 改:③我們一定能夠按時把任務(wù)完成,請大家放心! ④ 那里的安全情況不斷下降,令人擔(dān)憂。 改:④那里的安全情況很不好,令人擔(dān)憂。 ⑤他接受了這個科研項(xiàng)目,就開始了通霄達(dá)旦的工作,力爭早日出成果。 改:⑤他接受了這個科研項(xiàng)目,就開始了通宵達(dá)旦的工作,力爭早日出成果。 5.用漢語拼音寫出下列漢字所代表的音節(jié),并從結(jié)構(gòu)角度給韻母分類。(10分)解題要求:寫出基本音節(jié)即可,不要求標(biāo)注聲調(diào)。 ①光:guang:鼻韻母②輝:hui:復(fù)韻母③照:zhao:復(fù)韻母 ④耀:yao:復(fù)韻母’⑤你:ni:單韻母 6把下面句子中的語素劃分出來,然后從語音角度進(jìn)行分類。(10分) 蜘蛛在葡萄藤上。 蜘蛛:多音節(jié)語素;在:單音節(jié)語素;葡萄:多音節(jié)語素; 藤:單音節(jié)語素;上:單音節(jié)語素。 7下面的短語是不是有歧義,請用層次分析法簡要說明(10分)發(fā)現(xiàn)了敵人的哨兵 這個短語有歧義,第一層可以理解為述賓結(jié)構(gòu),也可以理解為定中結(jié)構(gòu)。分析如下: 8不同角度糾正下面句子中存在的問題(10分) 解題提示:下面的句子,可能在語匯、語法、漢字書寫方面有錯誤,注意糾正。直接寫出正確的句子即可,不需要說明糾正的原因。 ① 中學(xué)畢業(yè)這么多年了,我一直惦記著你令尊呢。 改:①中學(xué)畢業(yè)這么多年了,我一直惦記著令尊呢。 ②象他那樣死心踏地的人,還真是少見。 改:②像他那樣死心塌地的人,還真是少見。 ③這只能算是偶爾事件,不可預(yù)知。 改:③這只能算是偶然事件,不可預(yù)知。 ④我們提出了解決帳篷短缺的對策。 改:④我們提出了解決帳篷短缺問題的對策。 ⑤他奪得冠軍的消息不徑而走,傳遍了四面八方。 改:⑤他奪得冠軍的消息不脛而走,傳遍了四面八方。 9根據(jù)拼寫規(guī)則給下面的漢字注音,然后從韻頭角度給韻母分類。(10分) 解題提示:每個音節(jié)注出聲韻母即可,不要求標(biāo)注聲調(diào)。 ①tai-開口呼②yang-齊齒呼③yue-撮口呼 ④chu-合口呼⑤lai-開口呼 10從構(gòu)詞法角度分析下列合成詞的類型。(10分) ①圍裙--限定式 ②圍脖--支配式 ③圍困--并列式 ④圍子--后附式 ⑤突圍--支配式 11.分析下列句子的焦點(diǎn)并分析突出焦點(diǎn)的手段(10分) ①我把這些書擺得整整齊齊。 答:焦點(diǎn)是“整整齊齊”。常規(guī)安排,焦點(diǎn)在句末。 ②他繪畫喜歡,書法也喜歡。 答:焦點(diǎn)是“繪畫、書法”。通過對比突出焦點(diǎn)。 ③是你自己給大家報(bào)告這個消息的。 答:焦點(diǎn)是“你自己”。通過副詞“是”突出焦點(diǎn)。 ④小王是今天早晨到北京的。 答:焦點(diǎn)是“今天早晨”。通過副詞“是”突出焦點(diǎn)。 ⑤起來,饑寒交迫的奴隸1 答:焦點(diǎn)是“起來”。通過句子倒裝、變換語序突出焦點(diǎn)。 12.從不同角度糾正下面句子中存在的問題(10分) 解題提示:下面的句子,可能在語匯、語法、漢字書寫方面有錯誤,注意糾正。直接寫出正 確的句子即可,不需要說明糾正的原因。 ① 我們家就要喬遷新居,到時候歡迎你去做客。 改:我們家就要搬遷新居,到時候歡迎你去做客。 ②他自已有病,令夫人又忙,我們就不去打攪了。 改:他自己有病,夫人又忙,我們就不去打攪了。 ③這是新老顧客備受信賴的名牌產(chǎn)品。 改:這是備受新老顧客信賴的名牌產(chǎn)品。 ④通過學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)文件,我們堅(jiān)定了改進(jìn)錯誤的決心。 改:通過學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)文件,我們堅(jiān)定了改正錯誤的決心。 ⑤他的文章言語犀利,用詞準(zhǔn)確,針貶時弊可謂一語中地。 改:他的文章言語犀利,用詞準(zhǔn)確,針砭時弊可謂一語中的。 四、問答題(每小題5分,共30分) 1.北方話作為普通話的詞匯基礎(chǔ)有很多優(yōu)勢條件,請你任選一方面談?wù)劇? 答:第一,北方話在我國政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的影響大,北方話區(qū)域歷來是我國政治經(jīng)濟(jì)中心區(qū)域;第二,北方話具有雄厚的文化基礎(chǔ),我們現(xiàn)在使用的書面語白話,就是在北方話基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的,許多文學(xué)名著也是使用北方話寫的,這些作品的流傳,促進(jìn)了北方話在全國的傳播;第三,北方話具有廣泛的群眾基礎(chǔ),使用人口占整個漢民族的70%;第四,北方話通行地域廣闊,從東北到西南,從西北到東南的南京,在這樣大的范圍內(nèi)通話基本上沒有問題。 2.舉例說明成語和慣用語在語音形式和結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系方面有什么不同? 答:第一,從語音看,成語以四個音節(jié)為主,慣用語以三個音節(jié)為主;第二,從結(jié)構(gòu)看,成語結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系多種多樣,慣用語以述賓關(guān)系和偏正關(guān)系為主。 3.“重要”和“主要”是不是同一詞類?二者在功能上有哪些不同? 答:“重要”和“主要”都是形容詞,但“重要”屬于普通形容詞,“主要”屬于非謂形容詞。二者在功能上的主要區(qū)別是:第一,“重要”可以受副詞修飾,“主要”不能受副詞修飾;第二,“重要”可以充當(dāng)謂語,“主要”不能充當(dāng)謂語。 4.舉例說明什么是簡化字?是不是筆畫少的字就是簡化字? 答: 簡化字相對繁體字而言,是指改造原來筆畫結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的繁體字而形成的筆畫結(jié)構(gòu)簡單的漢字。例如“屬”繁體字,簡化后的“馬”就是簡化字。簡化字有特定的內(nèi)涵,不是筆畫少的漢字就是簡化字,例如“上、下、一”這些字不是簡化字。 5.網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言要不要規(guī)范?請談?wù)勀愕目捶ā? 答:肯定回答一點(diǎn):網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言需要規(guī)范。第一,語言作為交際工具需要規(guī)范統(tǒng)一,便于信息傳遞,但是網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言個性太強(qiáng),變異性突出,不便于交際使用;第二,對現(xiàn)實(shí)語言形成了沖擊,破壞了語言的純潔統(tǒng)一,有必要進(jìn)行規(guī)范。 否定回答要點(diǎn):網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言沒有必要規(guī)范。第一,網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言是一種社會方言,只是用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境,交際雙方都懂,不影響交際;第二,網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言的特點(diǎn)主要是體現(xiàn)在詞語方面,對現(xiàn)實(shí)語言不會產(chǎn)生影響;第三網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言的獨(dú)特性產(chǎn)生了很多新詞,可以豐富發(fā)展現(xiàn)實(shí)語言,促進(jìn)語言發(fā)展。 6.現(xiàn)代漢語方言的發(fā)展有哪些趨勢? 答:第一,受共同語普通話影響越來越大,呈現(xiàn)向普通話集中靠攏的趨勢;第二,各個方言內(nèi)部差異正在日益縮小,呈現(xiàn)出互相集中的趨勢;第三,相鄰方言有互相交融的趨勢。 7.什么是聲調(diào)?聲調(diào)在漢語中有什么作用? 答:聲調(diào)是貫通于整個音節(jié)的高低升降的調(diào)子,是指讀每個音節(jié)時聲音的變化。漢語是有聲調(diào)的語言,聲調(diào)在漢語中具有區(qū)別意義的作用。聲韻母相同的音節(jié),聲調(diào)不同,意義往往不同,例如dao念陰平是“刀”,念上聲是“倒”,念去聲是“到”。 8.舉例說明成語和慣用語在語音形式和結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系方面有什么不同。 答:第一,從語音看,成語以四個音節(jié)為主,慣用語以三個音節(jié)為主;第二,從結(jié)構(gòu)看,成語結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系多種多樣,慣用語以述賓關(guān)系和偏正關(guān)系為主。 9“重要”和“主要”是不是同一詞類?二者在功能上有哪些不同? 答:“重要”和“主要”都是形容詞,但“重要”屬于普通形容詞,“主要”屬于非謂形容詞。二者在功能上的主要區(qū)別是:第一,“重要”可以受副詞修飾,“主要”不能受副詞修飾;第二,“重要”可以充當(dāng)謂語,“主要”不能充當(dāng)謂語。 10字部件是不是合成部件?舉例說明。 答:成字部件不一定就是合成部件,二者在有的漢字中對應(yīng),在有的漢字中不對應(yīng),劃分角度不同,沒用完全對應(yīng)的關(guān)系。例如“爸”中的“父、巴”是成字部件,不是合成部件?!跋搿敝械摹跋唷笔浅勺植考彩呛铣刹考?。 11.網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言要不要規(guī)范?請談?wù)勀愕恼J(rèn)識? 答:.肯定回答要點(diǎn):網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言需要規(guī)范。第一,語言作為交際工具需要規(guī)范統(tǒng)一,便于信息傳遞,但是網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言個性太強(qiáng),變異性突出,不便于交際使用:第二,對現(xiàn)實(shí)語言形成了沖擊,破壞了語言的純潔統(tǒng)一,有必要進(jìn)行規(guī)范。 否定回答要點(diǎn):網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言沒有必要規(guī)范。第一,網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言是一種社會方言,只是用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境,交際雙方都懂,不影響交際:第二,網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言的特點(diǎn)主要是體現(xiàn)在詞語方面,對現(xiàn)實(shí)語言不會產(chǎn)生影響:第三網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言的獨(dú)特性產(chǎn)生了很多新詞,可以豐富發(fā)展現(xiàn)實(shí)語言,促進(jìn)語言發(fā)展。 12.普通話要以白話文著作為語法規(guī)范,這個說法對不對?為什么? 答:這個說法不正確,正確的說法是:普通話要以典范的現(xiàn)代白話文著作為語法規(guī)范。這個說法漏掉兩個重要內(nèi)容:第一,白話文著作有古代和現(xiàn)代之分,古代白話文著作如《紅樓夢》顯然不能用作語法規(guī)范;第二,白話文著作有典范和非典范之分,只要社會公認(rèn)的優(yōu)秀的白話文著作才能作為語法規(guī)范。這兩個方面缺一不可。 13.從構(gòu)詞法角度分析下面一組詞的構(gòu)成方式。 老鼠——老人 答:這兩個詞構(gòu)詞并不相同:“老鼠”是前附式,是合成詞中的派生詞,“老”已經(jīng)虛化為詞綴,是定位語素;“老人”是限定式,是復(fù)合詞,“老”有實(shí)在意義,修飾“人”。 14.實(shí)詞和虛詞有哪些方面的區(qū)別?請簡要說明。 答:第一,語法功能不同,實(shí)詞可以充當(dāng)句法成分,可以和別的語言單位構(gòu)成各種語法關(guān)系,虛詞的功能是附著,不能充當(dāng)句法成分:第二,實(shí)詞具有比較實(shí)在的意義,虛詞沒有實(shí)在的意義,比較空靈,只能表示某種語法關(guān)系意義。 15.舉例說明什么是開口呼、合口呼? 答:開口呼是韻頭或韻腹都不是i、u、n充當(dāng)?shù)捻嵞福鏰o、ei、ang;合口呼就是韻頭或韻腹是由元音u充當(dāng)?shù)捻嵞?,例如ua、uo、uang。 16.字符是不是意符?為什么? 答:.字符是分析漢字內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)得到的基本構(gòu)字單位,是組合成漢字的符號,根據(jù)字符組字的功能,字符可分意符、聲符、記號三類。意符只是字符中的一個類剮,二者不是對等的。 17.網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言會不會對現(xiàn)實(shí)語言形成沖擊?為什么? 答:網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言不會對現(xiàn)實(shí)語言形成沖擊。第一,網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言具有獨(dú)特的使用環(huán)境和對象,離開這個環(huán)境和對象,網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言就無法使用:第二,網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言是以現(xiàn)實(shí)語言為基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)成的,并沒有自己獨(dú)立的語音語法體系,其差異突出體現(xiàn)在詞語方面,因而對現(xiàn)實(shí)語言產(chǎn)生的影響很小;第三,網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言中的一些詞語,還有可能為現(xiàn)實(shí)語言吸收,豐富現(xiàn)實(shí)語言語匯。 18.影視表演能不能使用方言?請談?wù)勀愕目捶ā? 答:否定回答:影視劇和小品表演使用方言不好,不符合國家有關(guān)語言法規(guī)的規(guī)定,通用語言文字法規(guī)定廣播、電影、電視要使用國家通用語言文字。同時,方言的影響有限,使用范圍有限,再優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)作品,也只能在一個方言區(qū)傳播。如果別的地區(qū)播放或表演,還需要重新配音,造成人力物力財(cái)力的浪費(fèi),沒有必要。 肯定回答:影視劇和小品表演使用方言好,因?yàn)榉窖员旧硎且欢ǖ赜蛭幕漠a(chǎn)物,非常有特點(diǎn),可以更好地刻劃人物形象,突出地域特色,增強(qiáng)藝術(shù)感染力,同時具有親和力,容易讓觀眾進(jìn)入情景,領(lǐng)會其中的意境。 19.為什么說普通話語音具有音樂美?請簡要說明原因。 答:第一,普通話音節(jié)中元音占優(yōu)勢:第二,普通話清輔音多,濁輔音少:第三,普通話每個 音節(jié)都有聲調(diào),突出了元音優(yōu)勢。 20.舉例說明什么是敬辭和謙辭,并簡述在交際中的作用。 答:敬辭就是對交際對象表示尊敬的詞語,例如“恭候、光臨”是敬辭;謙辭就是交際中用 來表示謙虛的詞語,例如“敝人、管見”是謙辭。敬辭和謙辭已經(jīng)成為人際交往中不可缺少的用 語,恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用,可以使話語更顯得體,有助于彌合人際關(guān)系。 21“我有些時間讀書”和“我有個姐姐讀書”是不是都屬于連動式?為什么? 答:這兩個句子不都是連動式,連動式前后幾個連續(xù)的動詞性成分,隱含的是同一個主語。“我有些時間讀書”這個句子是連動式,動詞“有”和“讀”的主語都是“我”:“我有個姐姐讀書”是兼語式,因?yàn)榍昂髢蓚€動詞的主語不是同一個對象,動詞“有”的主語是“我”,動詞“讀”的主語是“姐姐”。 22.字符可分哪些類別?“木”是字符中的哪一類?為什么? 答:字符根據(jù)功能可以分為意符、聲符和記號三類?!澳尽眴为?dú)看不能確定屬于字符的哪一類,因?yàn)樽址男再|(zhì)取決于它在構(gòu)字時所起的作用,例如“木”在“桉、柳、楊”中是意符,在“沐”中是聲符,而單獨(dú)看“木”,就無法確定它的功能,也就無法給它分類。 23.簡要說明網(wǎng)絡(luò)詞語有哪些特點(diǎn)? 答:網(wǎng)絡(luò)詞語有三個特點(diǎn);一是兼容性,對方言和其他民族語言的詞語兼收并蓄;二是依賴性,即網(wǎng)絡(luò)詞語的使用要依賴網(wǎng)絡(luò)這個特殊的環(huán)境;第三是變異性,即采用有別于常規(guī)表達(dá)手段構(gòu)成,具體表現(xiàn)為三多,即縮略詞語多、類推詞語多、字母詞語多。 請您刪除一下內(nèi)容,O(∩_∩)O謝謝?。?!2015年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全,電大期末考試必備小抄,電大考試必過小抄Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese請您刪除一下內(nèi)容,O(∩_∩)O謝謝!??!National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that youllwait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming "Golden Week" it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, "China Inner Mongolia Arxan — Hailar — Manzhouli". It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round -- the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name "Haren Arxan" means "hot holy water" in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the countrys largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as its time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If itrains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulangs misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the "Begging for Skills Festival" or "Daughters Festival." In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentines Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their home-grown day for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the "Chinese Valentines Day." More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying "Sales on Chinese Valentines Day!" in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. A large-scale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday. The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 14 other regions. It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years. AsAPECis going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history. The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent. It connected the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when he came here. We became colleagues. And there was nothing special happening during that year. He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me. But we did not know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me. There was only a glass between us. So actually we could see each other when we both look up. But it is not the main reason that really draws us close. How we become close to each other was something seems quite natural. We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while. He is a man of few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous. Then one day, to my great surprise, I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk. It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the other day, and I thought it was her who put the flower there. But the truth is not. It was the humble guy sitting in front of me. He just simply said ,”well, I caught sight of this flower and thought that it’s beautiful and you may like it”. I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present. Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me. I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance happened there. Then later on, there were some little surprises once in a while. Once, there was something wrong with my drawer and I had complained about it unconsciously. And he fixed it for me. Then the other day, he placed several pink diamond roses beside the flower with a piece of paper saying” I love you more than I can say! Diamond stands for marriage, rose stand for love. I hope you are mine, become my wife. You are the only girl who I really want to spend the rest of my life to stand by.” Although there were some grammar errors but I got what he meant. He meant so clear and so direct. And actually, I accepted him some days earlier. I was just waiting for him to break the ice. So finally, the common interests and the common understanding brought us together. Some people say the relationship and the feeling will change after getting hitched. You will find that love is no longer strong and there is always lack of passion and what’s worse you may find out many bad habits of your partner, which never appear when you are first in love before the marriage. It seems that many faults turn up after you truly living together and see each other’s face the moment you open your eyes in the early morning. But after almost 4 years from now, I do not feel any negative change in our relationship. During all these years, we know each other better and we become more tolerant about each other and I realize that if you really love a person you will accept his imperfect. And what is the qualification of a good husband? Once I was chatting with my colleague about this issue. And one of the qualifications I thought was that he must be a good cook. But to my surprise, my colleague said that a good husband must be someone who makes big money. What made her think so was quite beyond me. Maybe I am not sophisticated enough and what I wa- 1.請仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對于不預(yù)覽、不比對內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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