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Module 4,Music born in America,,高二第七冊(cè),Grammar 1,Adverbial clauses of time,parts of these sentences indicate the “time”.,The moment I get the money I'll send the ticket. I was just getting into the bath when the telephone rang. He gets more attractive as he gets older. Whenever I go there they seem to be in trouble. I've been very busy since I came back from holiday.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,（1）when, as, while （從屬連詞） when既可引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，又可引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作。它可以表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前。如： When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同時(shí)） When the lesson was over, we began our writing.（從句動(dòng)作在前）,as引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，側(cè)重主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 He hurried home, looking behind as he went. I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday. He sang as he walked.,while指的是“在某一時(shí)間里”，“在……期間”，從句里的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的，它也強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句動(dòng)作的同時(shí)發(fā)生，往往側(cè)重主句和從句動(dòng)作的對(duì)比。,如：While he was in London, he studied music. While we were watching TV, he was writing a composition.,當(dāng)when, as, while表示“在…一段時(shí)間里”，主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，可以換用。如： While (When/As) we were discussing, Mr. Smith came in.,*when 可表示“如果”。如： Don’t be afraid of asking for help_____ it is needed. (2003全國(guó)） A. Unless B. since C. although D. when,,*while可表示“雖然，盡管”。如： 1)____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.(2004浙江） A. While B. Since C. As D. If,,* _____ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. (2004江蘇） A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless,,when和while（并列連詞） while表示對(duì)照的意思；when 表示“這時(shí)，突然……”,I do every single bit of housework____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.(2004廣西） A. since B. while C. when D. as 2) He was about to tell me the secret____ someone patted him on the shoulder. (2002上海） A. as B. until C. while D. when,,,3) We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the storm started.(2004北京春） A. when B. while C. until D. before 4) Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park____she was bitten on the leg by a lion. (2004上海） A. when B. while C. since D. before,,,(2)till和until ①如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到……為止”。如： I worked till (until) he came back.,1) A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity _____ he reaches the end of the story.(2003上海） A. when B. unless C. after D. until 2) We were told that we should follow the main road ___we reached the central railway station.(2004遼寧） A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever,,,② 如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞，則用否定式的主句表示“直到……才”。 如：I didn’t go to bed until (till) he came back.,3) ---Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? ---Yes. He had never praised him _____ he became one of the top students in his grade.(2003春） A. after B. unless C. until D. when,,③放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)一般用until。如：Until he returns, nothing can be done.,4) Not until all the fish died in the river ___ how serious the pollution was.(1995全國(guó)) A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize,,*如果before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時(shí)不能譯成“在……之前”，而要譯成“就”、“才” 等。如： The struggle lasted four years before the North won in the end. He almost knocked me down before he saw me.,(3)before “在……之前” Before I came downstairs I had prepared myself very carefully for what I must say.,1) Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up ____ I could answer the phone. (2000全國(guó)） A. as B. since C. until D. before 2) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ___ it got worse. (2003北京） A. until B. when C. before D. as,,,3) Scientists say it may be five or six years____ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.(2004福建） A. since B. after C. before D. when 4)It was evening _____ we reached the little town of Winchester.(2004天津） A. that B. until C. since D. before,,,(4) by the time, each time, every time, immediately, the moment, the instant, the minute, soon after, shortly after都可以作為連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語。如： By the time he was fourteen, he had taught himself advanced mathematics. Each time he came, he would call on me. You must show him in immediately he comes. I recognized him the moment I saw him.,注意：時(shí)間狀語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞不能用任何一種將來時(shí)，只能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)表示將來時(shí)。,--- Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? --- Yes, I gave it to her ______ I saw her. (2001全國(guó)春） A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once,,,時(shí)間狀語從句：,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞有：when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, once,the moment, immediately, no sooner…than, hardly…when, by the time, every time, last time…等。,狀語從句,,狀語從句在主從復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞，按意義可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等狀語從句。從句可放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首時(shí)，從句后面常用一個(gè)逗號(hào)，放在句末時(shí)，從句前一般不用逗號(hào)。本模塊著重講解時(shí)間狀語從句。,高考鏈接,The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _____ we meet them again. (2007安徽) A. after B. before C. since D. when,He was told that it would be at least three more months ________ he could recover and return to work. (2007江西) A. when B. before C. since D. that,It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ______ we’ve actually had that lesson. (2007天津) A. until B. after C. since D. when,-- Where’s that report? -- I brought it to you ____you were in Mr. Black’s office yesterday. (2007北京) A. if B. when C. because D. before,高考鏈接,I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ____ Brian gets back. (2008北京) A. before B. since C. till D. after I used to love that film ______ I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more. (2008遼寧) A. once B. when C. since D. although,高考鏈接,高考鏈接,There were some chairs left over ___ everyone had sat down. (2008四川) A. when B. until C. that D. where Nancy enjoyed herself so much ____ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. (2008福建) A. that B. which C. when D. where,,我一見到他就告訴他這個(gè)消息。(as soon as) 2. 她一來到教室，就開始讀英語。(as soon as),I’ll tell him the news as soon as I see him.,As soon as she came into the classroom, she began to read English.,Translate the following sentences by using the words in brackets.,Exercises,,3. 我剛一到家天就下雨了。 (no sooner … than…),I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.,,4. 他剛做完試卷，鈴聲就響了。(hardly … when…),He had hardly finished the test when the bell rang. Hardly had he finished the test when the bell rang.,5.他一來，你就可立即離開。(immediately) 6.我一見到你，就認(rèn)出你來了。 (the moment),,You may leave immediately he comes.,I recognized you the moment I saw you.,7.每次見面，他都向我問候，說“你好！” (each time / every time) 8.到18歲的時(shí)候，她已大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。 (by the time),,He greeted with “hello!” each time he saw me.,By the time she was 18, she had already graduated from the university.,Grammar 2 Ellipses,Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn’t come to school to see me the next day. Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn’t.,,避免重復(fù),減少累贅 Ellipses,Look at the following sentences, say which one is better and why.,省略句:為了避免重復(fù),省略句中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)成分,這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為省略。,Ellipses,Sorry to have kept you waiting. Seen the movie before?,,I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.,Have you seen the movie before?,連接緊密，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊 強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn)，突出信息,Add words which have been left out and rewrite the sentences.,John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998. -- What did you do yesterday? -- Just slept. Nothing else.,,John was the winner in 1994 and Bob was the winner in 1998.,-- I just slept. I did nothing else.,簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略,7. 前面出現(xiàn)過的動(dòng)詞在下文再次出現(xiàn)時(shí)可以單純使用不定式符號(hào)to,I. --Will you go with me?,--Well, I’d like to (go with you).,II. -- Have you ever been to the seaside?,-- No, we can’t afford to (go to the seaside).,并列句中的省略,1. 后面分句中與前面相同的部分常被省略。,She was poor but (she was) honest.,2. 有時(shí)并列句中的省略部分出現(xiàn)在前面的分句中，看完最后一個(gè)分句才能掌握全句的完整意義。,Mary can (speak English) and Mary ought to speak English.,慣用的省略結(jié)構(gòu),1. 無動(dòng)詞祈使句，無主句祝愿句，這類句子往往用感嘆號(hào)。,If only I could remember his name!,2. 固定句型How/What about + n. /pron. /-ing。,What about some more milk?,3. Why not +省去to的動(dòng)詞不定式。,Why not go at once?,復(fù)合句中的省略,1. 主句中的省略,1)主句的省略多見于句首，多用于口語。,(It’s a) Pity you couldn’t come.,2)在對(duì)話中答句省去整個(gè)主句只用從句。,--Shall I go to play?,--If you like (you can go to play).,2. 賓語從句中的省略,1）由which,when,where,how和why 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，可全部或部分省去,只保留引導(dǎo)詞。,Please pass me one of these books, I don’t care which (you pass me).,2)在I’m afraid,I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等開頭的作答句中，后面跟so 與 not 分別用于肯定或否定賓語時(shí)，賓語從句可省去。,--Do you think it will rain?,--I hope not (that it will not rain).,3. 狀語從句中的省略,1）狀語從句出現(xiàn)在句末時(shí)，一般都可以作句尾省略。,Coming swimming? You don’t have to (coming swimming) if you don’t want to (coming swimming) .,2)有時(shí)條件從句可以完全省去，只剩下主句。,I would have come yesterday (if I had wanted to).,3)以as, than 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句可以全部或部分省去。,After half an hour, she became quieter (than she had been).,1. The research is so designed that once _______nothing can be done to change it. (2002全國(guó)) A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun,高考鏈接,狀語從句中，如果主句的主語和從句的主語一致，且狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞中有be動(dòng)詞，從句的主語連同be可一起省略，該類狀語從句多為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步等，連詞為when, while, though, if, unless, although, as if 等，后面通常接分詞、不定式、形容詞、名詞等。,2. What surprised me was not what he said but ___ he said it. (2004湖北) A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which,高考鏈接,關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語且不位于介詞之后可以省略。,3. A computer does only what thinking people _________. (1999上海) A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done,高考鏈接,不定式在感官動(dòng)詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at , listen to, overhear, observe 和使役動(dòng)詞 have, make, let 后作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí), 不定式省略to 。,4. --- I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my car ? --- Not at all. ________. (1995全國(guó)) A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to,高考鏈接,動(dòng)詞love, mean, want, hate, like, wish, expect, hope，try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem 及be glad (pleased, delighted, happy) to 等后面接不定式時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，常省略與上文相同的動(dòng)詞，只保留to不定式符號(hào)。,5. --- You haven’t lost the ticket, have you ? --- ______. I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment. (2004江蘇) A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, I’m afraid so,高考鏈接,替代詞so / not用于避免重復(fù)前面所說過的內(nèi)容，代替肯定的名詞性從句?？膳c動(dòng)詞believe , do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think 等及 I’m afraid連用。肯定時(shí)上列動(dòng)詞都可與so 搭配，否定時(shí)hope與guess 只用I hope not 和I guess not 形式，而think ,believe , suppose 等詞可有兩種否定形式 ，即：I … not. 或I don’t … so.,6. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. ( 1994上海 ) A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will,高考鏈接,在書面語中, 當(dāng)條件從句有were, had, should 時(shí)省略if , 把它們提至句首, 形成倒裝句式。在含有建議、要求、命令等相關(guān)的名詞性從句用should + V ，should 可以省略。,7. --- Let’s go and have a good drink tonight. --- _____ Have you got the first prize in the competition? (2004重慶) A. What for ? B. Thanks a lot . C. Yes, I’d like to D. Why not ?,高考鏈接,省略在會(huì)話中廣泛應(yīng)用，解題時(shí)應(yīng)按照問話或答語的具體內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充完整, 做好該類題型一是要注意上下文語境，二是要注意常見句式的省略。,英語中常見句式的省略有： 1. It is … (that…) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句式中that 部分省略。 2. (It is) No wonder … ( 難怪……) 3. (Is there) Anything else ? 4. (You’d) Better do… 5. have some difficulty (in) doing, prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 等詞組中,8.--- Where did you see him last night? --- It was in the hotel ____ he stayed. A. where B. that C. which D. /,補(bǔ)全強(qiáng)調(diào)句式that 部分： It was in the hotel （where he stayed） that I saw him last night. hotel 后為定語從句。,高考鏈接,1. -- Was Martin sorry for what he’d done? -- ___. It was just like him! (2007安徽) A. Never mind B. All right C. Not really D. Not surprisingly 2. -- We have booked a room for today and tomorrow. --_______, sir. (2007全國(guó)Ⅱ) A. I’m sure B. My pleasure C. It’s all right D. I’ll check,3. We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse. (2007全國(guó)Ⅰ) A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with,高考鏈接,4. --Dad! Tom’s broken a glass! (2007四川) -- ___. Accidents will happen. A. No way B. Doesn’t matter C. No trouble at all D. Don’t mention it,高考鏈接,5. If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, _______. (2007全國(guó)Ⅱ) A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will 6. ---Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday? ---Yes. _____, I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city. (2008安徽) A. If ever B. If busy C. If anything D. If possible,高考鏈接,She likes singing and she likes dancing. Is this the driver that you talked about yesterday? The man who is sitting by the window is Mr. Smith. He could not decide whether to buy the car or not to buy the car. When it is heated, the metal expands.,,,,,Change the sentences into elliptical sentences.,,Practice,You can do it if you want to do it. My father planned all these houses and my father built all these houses. He is the last person that I want to see. He worked hard but his brother did not work hard. While he was reading the newspaper, grandpa nodded from time to time. He went to the doctor because he had to go to the doctor.,,,,,,,,,12. The reference books which were ordered last month haven’t arrived yet. 13. We tested the depth of the water and the temperature of the water. 14. Although he is very busy, he will do it for us. 15. You may leave if you wish to leave.,,,,,Thank you！,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,