《英國文學(xué)選讀課后答案》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《英國文學(xué)選讀課后答案（9頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

英國文學(xué)選讀 Poems Hamlet Act 3 Scene 1 lines 55 86 生存或毀滅 這是個必答之問題 是否應(yīng)默默的忍受坎苛命運之無情打擊 還是應(yīng)與深如大海之無涯苦難奮然為敵 并將其克服 死即睡眠 它不過如此 倘若一眠能了結(jié)心靈之苦楚與肉體之百患 那么 此結(jié)局是可盼的 死去 睡去 但在睡眠中可能有夢 啊 這就是個阻礙 當(dāng)我們擺脫了此垂死之皮囊 在死之長眠中會有何夢來臨 它令我們躊躇 使我們心甘情愿的承受長年之災(zāi) 否則誰肯容忍人間之百般折磨 如暴君之政 驕者之傲 失戀之痛 法章之慢 貪官之侮 或庸民之辱 假如他能簡單的一刃了之 還有誰會肯去做牛做馬 終生疲於操勞 默默的忍受其苦其難 而不遠(yuǎn)走高飛 飄於渺茫之境 倘若他不是因恐懼身後之事而使他猶豫不前 此境乃無人知曉之邦 自古無返者 進(jìn)入我們無法知曉的地域 所以 理智 能使我們成為懦夫 而 顧慮 能使我們本來輝煌之心志變得黯然無光 像個病夫 再之 這些更能壞大事 亂大謀 使它們失 去魄力 Hamlet P8 1 Why is sleep so frightening according to Hamlet since it can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep Death means the end of life you may go to or unknown world and you can t comeback If he dies Hamlet s can t realize his will Though sleep can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks it is a state of mind Hamlet didn t know at all He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long dream He can t predict what will happen in the sleep may be good may be evil 2 Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them according to Hamlet Death is so mysterious that nobody knows what death will bring to us Maybe bitter sufferings great pains heartbreaking stories Because people hold the same idea to grunt and sweat under a weary life but that the dread of something after death the undiscovered country form whose bourn no traveler returns puzzle the will and make us rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we know not of People also are frightened by the myths in another world after death 3 What after all makes people lose their determination to take action Please explain in relation to the so called hesitation of Hamlet Conscience and over considerations He wants to revenge but doesn t know how He wants to kill his uncle but finds it too risky He lives in despair and wants to commit suicide However he knows if he dies nobody will comfort his father s ghost He is in face of great dilemma They don t know the result after their taking the action Such as Hamlet he doesn t know what would happen if he kills his uncle or kills himself So Hamlet was hesitated Sonnet 18 P15 我怎么能夠把你來比作夏天 你不獨比它可愛也比它溫婉 狂風(fēng)把五月寵愛的嫩蕊作踐 夏天出賃的期限又未免太短 天上的眼睛有時照得太酷烈 它那炳耀的金顏又常遭掩蔽 被機緣或無常的天道所摧折 沒有芳艷不終于雕殘或銷毀 但是你的長夏永遠(yuǎn)不會雕落 也不會損失你這皎潔的紅芳 或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊 當(dāng)你在不朽的詩里與時同長 只要一天有人類 或人有眼睛 這詩將長存 并且賜給你生命 1 How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line The poet opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved Shall I compare thee to a summer s day This question is comparing thee to the summer time of the year It is during this time when the flowers are blooming trees are full of leaves the weather is warm and it is generally considered as an enjoyable time during the year The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days 2 What makes the poet think that thou can be more beautiful than summer and immortal At the very beginning the poet puts forth a question Shall I compare thee to a summer s day Then he gives an answer Thou art lovelier and more temperate On the one hand Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May and summer s lease hath all too short a date on the other hand Sometime too hot the heaven shines and often is his gold complexion dimmed So from the above two aspects the poet thinks that thou can be more beautiful than summer In addition And every fair from fair sometime declines by chance or nature s changing course untrimmed Compared with immortal But thy eternal summer shall not fade nor lose possession of that fair thou ow st nor shall death brag thou wand rest in his shade when in eternal lines to times thou grow st Therefore the poet draws a conclusion So long as men can breathe or eyes can see so long lives this and this gives life to thee In this poem the poet makes thou more beautiful than summer and immortal because of his beautiful lines So in this case thou in the poem can be regarded as female because love can beauty eternal Or thou can be referred to male for friendship can make beauty everlasting Even thou can be abstract love or beauty which will become eternal in the wonderful poem 莎士比亞詩歌的兩個主題 時光不饒人 青春和美麗是短暫的 只有詩歌才有力量使 美麗與愛情永存 theme 只有文學(xué)可與時間抗衡 Change Fate and Eternity However much it might look he s praising a beloved this poet is definitely more concerned with tooting his own horn Really you could sum up the poem like this Dear Beloved You re better than a summer s day But only because I can make you eternal by writing about you Love Shakespeare That message is why images and symbols of time decay and eternity are all over this poem Whether or not we think the beloved is actually made immortal or just more immortal than the summer s day is up in the air but it s certainly what the speaker wants you to think Line 4 This is where the speaker starts pointing to how short summer feels Using personification and metaphor the speaker suggests that summer has taken out a lease on the weather which must be returned at the end of the summer Summer is treated like a home renter while the weather is treated like a real estate property Lines 7 8 These lines give us the problem everything s going to fade away that the poet is going to work against Lines 9 12 These lines are full of all sorts of figurative language all pointing to how the speaker is going to save the beloved from the fate of fading away The beloved s life is described in a metaphor as a summer and then his or her beauty is described in another metaphor as a commodity than can be owned or owed Death is then personified as the overseer of the shade a metaphor itself for an afterlife Finally the lines to time are a metaphor for poetry which will ultimately save the beloved and eternal is a parallel with eternal summer in line 9 Lines 13 14 What s so interesting about these lines is that it s hard to tell whether the speaker is using figurative language or not Does he actually mean that the poem is alive and that it will keep the beloved alive Well it depends what we mean by alive If we read alive scientifically as in breathing and thinking well then alive is definitely a metaphor But if we read it as describing a continued existence of some kind well then maybe he does mean it literally since surely the poem and the beloved exist for us in some sense Sonnet 18 deals with the conventional theme that natural beauty will surely be knocked out with the passing of time and that only art poetry can bring eternity to the one the poet loves and eulogizes I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud P61 我好似一朵孤獨的流云 高高地飄游在山谷之上 突然我看見一大片鮮花 是金色的水仙遍地開放 它們開在湖畔 開在樹下 它們隨風(fēng)嬉舞 隨風(fēng)波蕩 它們密集如銀河的星星 像群星在閃爍一片晶瑩 它們沿著海灣向前伸展 通往遠(yuǎn)方仿佛無窮無盡 一眼看去就有千朵萬朵 萬花搖首舞得多么高興 粼粼湖波也在近旁歡跳 卻不如這水仙舞得輕俏 詩人遇見這快樂的旅伴 又怎能不感到欣喜雀躍 我久久凝視 卻未領(lǐng)悟 這景象所給我的精神至寶 后來多少次我郁郁獨臥 感到百無聊賴心靈空漠 這景象便在腦海中閃現(xiàn) 多少次安慰過我的寂寞 我的心又隨水仙跳起舞來 我的心又重新充滿了歡樂 1 What is the relation between the poet and nature as described in the poem Theme of Man and the Natural World Wordsworth is the granddaddy of all nature poets and he s in top form in I wandered lonely as a Cloud In her journal entry about the day in question Wordsworth s sister Dorothy wrote about their surprise at finding so many daffodils in such a strange place next to a lake and under some trees How d those get there she wondered even guessing that maybe the seeds floated across the lake The event is one of the minor miracles that nature produces all the time as anyone who has seen the documentary Planet Earth or the Disney movie Earth knows Wordsworth s nature is full of life and vitality He appreciates its wildness and unpredictability but he humanizes the landscape and fits it to his own mind Theme of Happiness I wandered lonely as a Cloud is a poem that just makes you feel good about life It says that even when you are by yourself and lonely and missing your friends you can use your imagination to fine new friends in the world around you As John Milton famously wrote The mind is its own place and in itself can make heaven of Hell and a hell of Heaven The speaker of this poem makes a heaven out of a windy day and a bunch of daffodils His happiness does not last forever he s not that unrealistic but the daffodils give him a little boost of joy whenever he needs it like recharging his batteries Theme of Spirituality The 19th century Scottish writer Thomas Carlyle coined the phrase natural supernaturalism which has been used by later critics to describe how the Romantic poets and especially Wordsworth viewed the natural world as a spiritual realm The idea is that Heaven comes down to earth and is viewed as part of the world This poem illustrates the principle of natural supernaturalism The daffodils are like angels and twinkling stars and the bliss of heaven occurs in speaker s imagination He uses Christian ideas and images to make an ode to nature without any reference to God Theme of Memory and the Past I wandered lonely as a Cloud is almost like a simpler version of Tintern Abbey one of Wordsworth s other most famous works In both poems the memory of beautiful things serves as a comfort to the speaker even after the experience of viewing them has ended He can always draw on his imagination to reproduce the joy of the event and to remember the spiritual wisdom that it provided In the case of I wandered lonely as a Cloud we do not realize just how far in the future the speaker s perspective is located until the fourth stanza when he describes just how often the daffodils have comforted him 2 Do you think nature can have healing effect on mind I think nature can have healing effect on mind but the precondition is that the nature should be peaceful and earthly Let s imagine a scene At the very beginning we felt a little sad Then we place ourselves at a peaceful and clean lake We sit on the comfortable and green grass There are several wild flowers on the grass Some little birds are walking near us with chirp We can breathe the smell of the earth When we are watching it glistening in the sunshine there may be a smile on our face again Nobody will be not touched in this condition unless there is something wrong with his mind It is just like a picture Or it is just like a clean bracing and ethereal melody We can close our eyes to listen to it without any distracting thoughts It always can comfort our hearts and we will not feel that desperate Every time I feel not happy I will listen to a piece of piano music That makes me good all my fidgeting will go away from me Sometimes I will reflect where the problem is Peaceful music is just like the nature Both they can give me a kind of feeling like mother Do not be scared at all Sometimes I suppose if the criminal can live in the nature and experience it they will not do that evil In another hand those artists maybe can not create the works As the author said a host of golden daffodils beside the lake beneath the trees fluttering and dancing in the breeze The memory made him excited and brought his lonely heart happiness If a writer does not watch any beautiful scenery I believe he or she can t be a good writer Peaceful nature is a place people can release themselves and remove the unhappiness In this circumstance the writer digs their inspiration Yes I think so Some people may think that our nature has been highly polluted by our human beings And it won t have any effects on us The others may think the nature has bad influence on our bodies because of the contamination But I think nature must have a lot of healing effect on mind As the development of the society people may meet more and more difficulties and it may lead to more stress For example when a person has worked for a long time it is hard for him to do more He would like to spend sometime travelling to somewhere The place is best to be beautiful clean comfortable with clear sky and green grass People can breathe the fresh air there When he lies on the grass and watches the sky he may forget all the stress on work The only thing he can do is to enjoy the charming scenery and great nature Nature also can affect people when they are ill especially serious disease The patient may feel their life meaningless At that time their families will take them to a remote place They may also let the patient have a pet During the feeding period the patient may feel that a life is so difficult to bring up He will heal the spirit to live Different people have different ideas I can t say that nature doesn t have mischief but in my opinion its good effects are more Ode to the West Wind P83 西風(fēng)頌 第一節(jié) 哦 狂暴的西風(fēng) 秋之生命的呼吸 你無形 但枯死的落葉被你橫掃 有如鬼魅碰到了巫師 紛紛逃避 黃的 黑的 灰的 紅得像患肺癆 呵 重染疫癘的一群 西風(fēng)呵 是你 以車駕把有翼的種子催送到 黑暗的冬床上 它們就躺在那里 像是墓中的死穴 冰冷 深藏 低賤 直等到春天 你碧空的姊妹吹起她的喇叭 在沉睡的大地上響遍 喚出嫩芽 像羊群一樣 覓食空中 將色和香充滿了山峰和平原 不羈的精靈呵 你無處不遠(yuǎn)行 破壞者兼保護(hù)者 聽吧 你且聆聽 第二節(jié) 沒入你的急流 當(dāng)高空一片混亂 流云象大地的枯葉一樣被撕扯 脫離天空和海洋的糾纏的枝干 成為雨和電的使者 它們飄落 在你的磅礴之氣的蔚藍(lán)的波面 有如狂女的飄揚的頭發(fā)在閃爍 從天穹的最遙遠(yuǎn)而模糊的邊沿 直抵九霄的中天 到處都在搖曳 欲來雷雨的卷發(fā) 對瀕死的一年 你唱出了葬歌 而這密集的黑夜 將成為它廣大墓陵的一座圓頂 里面正有你的萬鈞之力的凝結(jié) 那是你的渾然之氣 從它會迸涌黑色的雨 冰雹和火焰 哦 你聽 第三節(jié) 是你 你將藍(lán)色的地中海喚醒 而它曾經(jīng)昏睡了一整個夏天 被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入夢 就在巴亞海灣的一個浮石島邊 它夢見了古老的宮殿和樓閣在水天輝映的波影里抖顫 而且都生滿青苔 開滿花朵 那芬芳真迷人欲醉 呵 為了給你 讓一條路 大西洋的洶涌的浪波把自己向兩邊劈開 而深在淵底 那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林雖然枝葉扶疏 卻沒有精力 聽到你的聲音 它們已嚇得發(fā)青 一邊顫栗 一邊自動萎縮 哦 你聽 第四節(jié) 哎 假如我是一片枯葉被你浮起 假如我是能和你飛跑的云霧 是一個波浪 和你的威力同喘息 假如我分有你的脈搏 僅僅不如 你那么自由 哦 無法約束的生命 假如我能像在少年時 凌風(fēng)而舞 便成了你的伴侶 悠游天空 因為呵 那時候 要想追你上云霄 似乎并非夢幻 我就不致像如今這樣焦躁地要和你爭相祈禱 哦 舉起我吧 當(dāng)我是水波 樹葉 浮云 我跌在生活底荊棘上 我流血了 這被歲月的重軛所制服的生命原是和你一樣 驕傲 輕捷而不馴 第五節(jié) 把我當(dāng)作你的豎琴吧 有如樹林 盡管我的葉落了 那有什么關(guān)系 你巨大的合奏所振起的音樂將染有樹林和我的深邃的秋意 雖憂傷而甜蜜 呵 但愿你給予我狂暴的精神 奮勇者呵 讓我們合一 請把我枯死的思想向世界吹落 讓它像枯葉一樣促成新的生命 哦 請聽從這一篇符咒似的詩歌 就把我的話語 像是灰燼和火星 從還未熄滅的爐火向人間播散 讓預(yù)言的喇叭通過我的嘴唇 把昏睡的大地喚醒吧 西風(fēng)啊 如果冬天來了 春天還會遠(yuǎn)嗎 Shelly 雪萊 Ode To The West Wind Shelley was an idealist and most of his nature poems are about the need for revolution and a desire to break the status quo Ode to the West Wind is no different Here Shelley sees the west wind as a symbol of revolution of a new world order that would replace the old one He identifies with the wind in that he knows that just as the west wind spells the arrival of the new year similarly his poetic ideas will usher in a new world order and change the present world for the better The poem has a note of despair when he says I fall upon the thorns of life I bleed but soon enough he gains his composure and towards the end he s filled with hope and optimism which is expressed beautifully in the last two lines When winter comes can spring be far behind Ode to the West Wind Theme of Man and the Natural World In Ode to the West Wind Nature is grander and more powerful than man can hope to be The natural world is especially powerful because it contains elements like the West Wind and the Spring Wind which can travel invisibly across the globe affecting every cloud leaf and wave as they go Man may be able to increase his status by allowing Nature to channel itself through him 1 In what way is the West Wind both a destroyer and a preserver West wind is the destroyer as it is turbulent and strong and destroys the wide spread vegetation It is a destroyer of the old decaying and valueless things such as dead leaves blowing over the land drives away the dead leaves Shelly shows the irony of the wind that acts in a contradictory manner use and Describe the words that show the potential strength and use effective language It is the preserver as it brings life to the dead atmosphere it spreads the seeds and they lie two inches beneath the ground and eventually sprout into seedlings 2 What is the relation between the West Wind and the poet In Ode to the West Wind Nature is grander and more powerful than man can hope to be The natural world is especially powerful because it contains elements like the West Wind and the Spring Wind which can travel invisibly across the globe affecting every cloud leaf and wave as they go Man may be able to increase his status by allowing Nature to channel itself through him The speaker of the poem appeals to the West Wind to infuse 灌輸 影響 him with a new spirit and a new power to spread his ideas 3 As the trumpet of prophecy what does the west wind predict in physical reality How do you understand it symbolically As the speaker of Ode to the West Wind feels himself waning and decaying he begs the wind to use him as an instrument inhabit him distribute his ideas or prophesy through his mouth He hopes to transform himself by uniting his own spirit with the larger Spirit of the West Wind and of Nature itself The speaker wishes that the wind could affect him the way it does leaves and clouds and waves Because it can t he asks the wind to play him like an instrument bringing out his sadness in its own musical lament Maybe the wind can even help him to send his ideas all over the world even if they re not powerful in their own right his ideas might inspire others The sad music that the wind will play on him will become a prophecy The West Wind of autumn brings on a cold barren period of winter but isn t winter always followed by a spring John Keats Ode on a Grecian Urn p85希臘古甕頌 你 嫁給靜寂的 童貞的新娘 你 被靜默和悠遠(yuǎn)收養(yǎng)的孩子 林野的史家 擅長在畫上宣揚 艷壓詩篇的 繁花一般的傳奇 身上環(huán)繞的 綠葉緣飾的傳說 講述神還是凡人 或兼有兩者 在騰佩 或懷抱溪谷的阿卡迪 什么人或神 少女竟如此難惹 多瘋的追求 怎樣掙扎的逃脫 什么笛子手鼓 多野性的狂喜 清歌聞之甚美 然而未聽見的 更妙 婉轉(zhuǎn)的笛子 請你吹吧 不是為感官的雙耳 你要變得 更奇妙 為精神吹出無聲的歌 碧樹下的美少年 你不會離開 你的歌 綠蔭也不會拋開樹木 莽撞的戀人 你永世都吻不上 雖然萬分接近 但不要悲哀 她與衰老無緣 雖無艷?？上?你卻永墜愛河 如她芳華常駐 啊 喜悅層生的枝條 你不會 飄落綠葉 也不會向春天揮別 而你 歡快的樂手 永不疲憊 永遠(yuǎn)在吹奏 永遠(yuǎn)新鮮的仙樂 更多歡暢的愛 更多幸福的愛 總是暖意融融 只等歡樂縱情 永遠(yuǎn)都在搏動 永遠(yuǎn)青春四射 所有呼吸的人欲 都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)拋開 離開悲痛莫名的 厭煩的心靈 高燒不退的額頭 焦渴的唇舌 是一群什么人 趕來參加祭獻(xiàn) 對著天空鳴叫的 那頭小母牛 絲滑的腰身上 圍著繽紛花環(huán) 噢 神秘的祭司 你把它牽走 要去哪座綠色祭壇 什么小鎮(zhèn) 在河畔還是海濱 還是在山間 傍著幽靜的山寨 為這鄉(xiāng)俗里 敬神的早晨 騰出所有的人民 你的街道永遠(yuǎn)沉默 無人重返 就沒人講述 你為何如此孤寂 噢 雅典的形體 情態(tài)的美妙 大理石的繁帶 密布男女身上 還有佳木的枝葉 踏過的野草 你 沉默的塑形 像永恒一樣 引我們超越思想 涼的田園詩 年華逝去 將催老我們這一輩 你在別樣的悲傷中 不曾代謝 一個人類的朋友 對我們感喟 美是真 真也是美 這就是 你知道 和你需要知道的一切 Matthew Arnold Dover beach p120多佛海灘 馬修 阿諾德 今夜海面平靜 潮水漲滿 明月高懸 海峽之上 對面法國海岸 燈光明滅 英格蘭絕壁聳立 遠(yuǎn)處的寧靜海灣 閃爍 無邊 快來窗邊 夜晚空氣如 蜜甜 唯一的是 從那長長的海浪線 從那大海和月光漂洗的土地交會之 地 聽啊 你聽得見那嘎吱嘎吱的吶喊 那是海浪帶著卵石退去 又拋起 再次回來時 將其送上高地 一來 一去 周而復(fù)始 有張有馳 不慌不 急 帶來了 憂愁的永恒調(diào)子 遠(yuǎn)古的索?？死账?曾在愛琴海將它聽見 帶給 他腦子的是人類不幸之污濁的 落落起起 我們 在這聲音里也找到一 個思想 當(dāng)在這遙遠(yuǎn)的北海岸邊將它聽見 信仰之海 也曾一度漲滿 圍 繞地球的海岸 如同一卷明麗的腰帶伸展 但如今我只能聽見 它憂郁 綿 長 退卻的吶喊 在后撤 和著夜風(fēng)的 呼吸 撤下這個世界碩大陰沉的邊 緣 和赤裸的碎石灘 啊 愛人 讓我們彼此 忠誠堅貞 因為這個世界 它 像夢幻之地在我們面前攤開 如此多樣 如此美麗 如此嶄新 其實 沒有歡樂 沒有愛情 也沒有光明 Novels Araby P177 2 Chief qualities of the boy s character The boy is a natural character with which to begin a book because he possesses so many qualities attractive to readers First he is sensitive sensitive enough to experience a wide range of feelings in spite of his tender age including apparently contradictory combinations like fear and longing at the end of the story s first paragraph anger and puzzlement while falling asleep and especially a sensation of freedom in response to his mentor s passing that surprises him and us I found it strange the narrator says that neither I nor the day seemed in a mourning mood Second he is intelligent and not merely in the conventional sense of the word Sure he is brainy enough to absorb much of the arcane information shared with him by the priest It makes sense that he has grown into the articulate storyteller who shares the tale of Father Flynn s influence upon him But the protagonist of The Sisters also possesses an intuitive understanding of how other human beings feel think and act emotional intelligence you might call it It is no surprise that a boy so sensitive so intelligent would find himself somewhat alienated from others cut off fundamentally from his family and peers He appears to lack altogether a connection with his uncle much less Old Cotter and it is said that he rarely plays with young lads of his own age Even when he is in the company of his aunt and the priest s sisters near story s end the reader s main sense of the boy is that he is alone Unit 10 Great Expectation Character Pip There are really two Pips in Great Expectations Pip the narrator and Pip the character the voice telling the story and the person acting it out Dickens takes great care to distinguish the two Pips imbuing the voice of Pip the narrator with perspective and maturity while also imparting how Pip the character feels abou